von Stackelberg, Ulrich (2000): (Table 8.4, Page 220-223) Chemical composition of different growth structures of manganese nodules, SONNE cruise SO79 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856995, Supplement to: von Stackelberg, U (2000): Manganese nodules of the Peru Basin (Chapter 8). In: Cronan, D.S. (Ed.), Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 197-238
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Abstract:
In the nodule field of the Peru Basin, situated south of the zone of high bioproductivity, a relatively high flux of biogenic matter explains a distinct redox boundary at about 10 cm depth separating very soft oxic surface sediments from stiffer suboxic sediments. Maximum abundance (50 kg/m**2) of diagenetic nodules is found near the calcite compensation depth (CCD), currently at 4250 m. There, the accretion rate of nodules is much higher (100 mm/Ma) than on ridges (5 mm/Ma). Highest accretion rates are found at the bottom of large nodules that repeatedly sink to a level immediately above the redox boundary. There, distinct diagenetic growth conditions prevail and layers of dense laminated Mn oxide of very pure todorokite are formed. The layering of nodules is mainly the result of organisms moving nodules within the oxic surface sediment from diagenetic to hydrogenetic environments. The frequency of such movements is much higher than that of climatic changes. Two types of nodule burial occur in the Peru Basin. Large nodules are less easily moved by organisms and become buried. Consequently, buried nodules generally are larger than surface nodules. This type of burial predominates in basins. At ridges where smaller nodules prevail, burial is mainly controlled by statistical selection where some nodules are not moved up by organisms.
Source:
Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT
Further details:
Figure 8.11 (a) Large cauliflower-shaped nodule with smooth surface texture (s) on the bottom side and rough surface texture (r) on the top side. 25 KG from area SEDIPERU at 4170 m water depth. hdl:10013/epic.46633.d004
Figure 8.11 (b) Polished section of a nodule with a nucleus of a cetacean earbone showing asymmetric growth of pale-grey dense, laminated h-type (dense and laminated) layers at the lower part. 63 KG from area SPN at 4257 m water depth. hdl:10013/epic.46633.d005
Figure 8.17 (a) Photograph of polished section of a nodule. h-type (dense and laminated) growth layer with inclusions of diatoms. hdl:10013/epic.46633.d006
Figure 8.17 (b) Photograph of polished section of a nodule. h-type (dense and laminated) growth layer with todorokite crystals up to 15 micron long. hdl:10013/epic.46633.d007
Figure 8.17 (c) Photograph of polished section of a nodule. h-growth (dense and laminated) in upper half changes to d-growth (dentritic) at a sharp boundary starting with dark-grey laminated to columnar Mn oxide similar to b-growth (laminated to columnar). hdl:10013/epic.46633.d008
Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN
Project(s):
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -7.102100 * Median Longitude: -90.678825 * South-bound Latitude: -8.276700 * West-bound Longitude: -90.706000 * North-bound Latitude: -6.610000 * East-bound Longitude: -90.626800
Date/Time Start: 1992-05-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-05-27T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: -4260.0 m * Maximum Elevation: -3833.0 m
Event(s):
SO79_40BG * Latitude: -6.610000 * Longitude: -90.706000 * Date/Time: 1992-05-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: -3833.0 m * Location: Peru Basin * Campaign: SO79 (SEDIPERU - TUSCH) * Basis: Sonne * Method/Device: Free-fall grab (FFGR) * Comment: GPS, Mn nodules
SO79_63KG (GIK15561-1) * Latitude: -6.760000 * Longitude: -90.691300 * Date/Time: 1992-05-06T00:00:00 * Elevation: -4257.0 m * Recovery: 0.45 m * Location: Peru Basin * Campaign: SO79 (SEDIPERU - TUSCH) * Basis: Sonne * Method/Device: Box corer (Reineck) (BCR) * Comment: GPS, Mn nodules
Comment:
From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | |||
| 2 | Date/Time of event | Date/Time | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | |||
| 3 | Latitude of event | Latitude | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | |||
| 4 | Longitude of event | Longitude | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | |||
| 5 | Elevation of event | Elevation | m | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | ||
| 6 | Sample ID | Sample ID | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | |||
| 7 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | Geocode | |
| 8 | DISTANCE | Distance | cm | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | Geocode – analysed area from nodule surface | |
| 9 | DISTANCE | Distance | cm | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | Geocode – analysed area from nodule core (nucleus) | |
| 10 | Iron | Fe | % | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | X-ray fluorescence (XRF) | |
| 11 | Manganese | Mn | % | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | X-ray fluorescence (XRF) | |
| 12 | Copper | Cu | % | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | X-ray fluorescence (XRF) | |
| 13 | Nickel | Ni | % | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | X-ray fluorescence (XRF) | |
| 14 | Cobalt | Co | % | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | X-ray fluorescence (XRF) | |
| 15 | Diameter, maximum | Ø max | mm | von Stackelberg, Ulrich | max dimension of analysed nodule | |
| 16 | Description | Description | von Stackelberg, Ulrich |
Change history:
2023-04-04T10:39:43 – A typo in the title was corrected, the title said "SONNE cruise SO78" - this was corrected to "SONNE cruise SO79"
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
1280 data points