Citation:

Havsforskningsinstitutets Skrift (Journal of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research), 96, 121 pp

Name: Observation of ferromanganese deposits in the Baltic Sea
Creator: Stina Gripenberg
Published: 1934
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Abstract:

Baltic sediments have been studied by Behrens, Munthe, Küppers, Spethmann, Apstein, Sjöstedt, Pratje and the writer. The following types of sediments have been observed: varved and non-varved late-glacial clays, gray and black, post-glacial muds, and sands. The organic content of late-glacial clays ordinarily is less than 1.3 per cent, and of post-glacial muds more than 3 per cent. Sediments containing intermediate quantities are scarce. This can be explained as a result of the changed balance between organic and inorganic sedimentation when the glacial period ended; the abundance of fresh detritus then suddenly ceased and inorganic sedimentation became very much slower than before; consequently, the relative amount of organic detritus increased. As most of the material was not subjected to biological analysis, it has not been possible to distinguish different ages among post-glacial sediments.

Source:

Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT

Further details:

Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN

Project(s):

NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database (NOAA-MMS)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 61.191250 * Median Longitude: 23.683333 * South-bound Latitude: 59.016670 * West-bound Longitude: 18.616670 * North-bound Latitude: 64.708330 * East-bound Longitude: 28.466670

Date/Time Start: 1904-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1930-01-01T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m

Event(s):

GRIP-F6 * Latitude: 64.475000 * Longitude: 23.633330 * Date/Time: 1925-01-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: -43.0 m * Location: Baltic Sea * Method/Device: Dredge (DRG)

GRIP-F7 * Latitude: 64.558330 * Longitude: 23.216670 * Date/Time: 1925-01-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: -77.0 m * Location: Baltic Sea * Method/Device: Dredge (DRG)

GRIP-F9 * Latitude: 64.708330 * Longitude: 22.066670 * Date/Time: 1925-01-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: -113.0 m * Location: Baltic Sea * Method/Device: Dredge (DRG)

Comment:

From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Gripenberg, Stina
2	Date/Time of event	Date/Time		Gripenberg, Stina
3	Latitude of event	Latitude		Gripenberg, Stina
4	Longitude of event	Longitude		Gripenberg, Stina
5	Elevation of event	Elevation	m	Gripenberg, Stina
6	Sample ID	Sample ID		Gripenberg, Stina
7	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Gripenberg, Stina	Geocode
8	Position	Position		Gripenberg, Stina
9	Deposit type	Deposit type		Gripenberg, Stina
10	Shape	Shape		Gripenberg, Stina
11	Quantity of deposit	Quantity		Gripenberg, Stina
12	Size	Size		Gripenberg, Stina
13	Substrate type	Substrate		Gripenberg, Stina
14	Sediment type	Sediment		Gripenberg, Stina
15	Description	Description		Gripenberg, Stina
16	Page(s)	Page(s)		Gripenberg, Stina

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

182 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Date/Time	3 Latitude	4 Longitude	5 Elevation [m]	6 Sample ID	8 Position	9 Deposit type	10 Shape	11 Quantity	12 Size	13 Substrate	14 Sediment	15 Description	16 Page(s)
GRIP-F6	1925	64.4750	23.6333	-43	GRIP-F6-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule		Several	Fragment; 0.4-1.0 cm		Sand	The sandy bottom is dark brown, flat, about 2 mm thick. Debris of concretions 0.4-1 cm2	100
GRIP-F7	1925	64.5583	23.2167	-77	GRIP-F7-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Round	Several			Sand and gravel	Fine gray sand, coarse gravel and round concretions	100
GRIP-F9	1925	64.7083	22.0667	-113	GRIP-F9-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule		Few	1.5 cm		Muddy sand	Muddy sand and small pellets. In the second sample taken at aa slightly smaller depth of (86 m) a few large concretions with a diameter of approx. 1.5 cm	100
GRIP-F12	1927	64.2167	22.0667	-108	GRIP-F12-1	Surface	Fe-Mn layer		1			Clay	Limonitic clay material with a little sand	101
GRIP-F23	1925	62.6500	19.5167	-90	GRIP-F23-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule		1			Clay	Layered flat disk shaped concretion on muddy clay	102
GRIP-F29A	1928	61.1000	20.6833	-70	GRIP-F29A-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Flat	Several	5.0-10.0 cm		Sand	Sandy bottom. Flat concretions, 5 to 10 cm in size sometimes agregates of simple forms showing multiple initial cores of development	104
GRIP-F30A	1928	61.0667	20.2167	-100	GRIP-F30A-1	Surface	Mn nodule	Round	2	0.1 cm		Silty clay	Silt-rich clay with two millimeter-sized black brown granules, probably grain-like (or shot-like) concretions in development. Apparently very rich in manganese	104
GRIP-F31	1925	61.1833	18.6167	-60	GRIP-F31-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Disc	Several	5.0 cm	Core; porous material	Sand and gravel	Thin round iron-rich concretions on top of the gray sand. A partially hollow interior formed of gray porous material	105
GRIP-F31	1925	61.1833	18.6167	-60	GRIP-F31-2	Surface	Fe-Mn nodul	Disc	Few	Large	Core; porous material	Sand and gravel	At the same site, another sounding gives among gravel and small stones a few large dark brown plate-like iron-rich concretions.	105
GRIP-F74	1930	59.0167	21.0833	-195	GRIP-F74-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Agglomerate	Several		Core; gravel	Clay	Grey clay with conglomerates of small grain-like (or shot-like) concretions which form rusty shells around small gravel stones	117
GRIP-Kobba_Klintar		60.0333	19.9333	-215	GRIP-Kobba_Klintar-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Round	1	0.5 cm			One dark brown pea shaped concretion	119
GRIP-F37	1925	60.5833	28.4667	-25	GRIP-F37-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Round	Several			Silty mud	Silty mud bottoms plenty of dark brown pea-shaped concretions	108
GRIP-F38	1904	60.5000	28.4167	-17	GRIP-F38-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Round	Many	0.5 cm			Plenty of almost the same size (0.5 cm) of brown pea-shaped concretions	119
GRIP-F38B	1924	60.5000	28.4333	-28	GRIP-F38B-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Round	Few	0.2 cm		Sand	Very fine sand, with a few limonite grain-like concretions	108
GRIP-F43	1912	60.3333	26.9667	-38	GRIP-F43-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Round	Several	0.2-0.3 cm			Small grain-like (or shot-like) concretions (2-3 mm)	120
GRIP-F48	1905	59.5417	26.9000	-36	GRIP-F48-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Round	MAny	Small			Plenty of grain-like (or shot-like) concretions	120
GRIP-F48	1905	59.5417	26.9000	-36	GRIP-F48-2	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Disc	2	2.0-3.0 cm			A couple of 2-3 cm size flat disc-shaped concretions	120
GRIP-F55	1923	59.6250	25.1833	-70	GRIP-F55-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Round	Several	1.0-2.0 cm			Large dark brown spherical concretions (1-2 cm)	120
GRIP-F57	1925	59.5000	23.7333	-104	GRIP-F57-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Flat	Few			Muddy clay	Muddy clay with a few flat iron concretions	112
GRIP-Hundoren	1914	60.1000	24.8667		GRIP-Hundoren-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Agglomerate	Several				Irregularly shaped iron concretions	120
GRIP-Porkkala	1904	59.9667	24.5000	-21	GRIP-Porkkala-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Disc	Many	Up to 5.0 cm			Plenty of flat round iron concretions, the largest being 5 cm	119
GRIP-Villingin	1904	60.1667	25.1667		GRIP-Villingin-1	Surface	Fe-Mn nodule	Ring	Several	1.0-5.0 cm	Core; stone		Flat iron concretions formed around small stones (1-5 cm)	119