Citation:

gt_s_069.pdf

Name: Annotated record and chemical composition of iron-manganese nodules from the Baltic Sea
Creator: Boris Winterhalter
Published: 1966
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Abstract:

Iron-manganese concretions, closely related to lacustrine ores and deep sea manganese nodules, are presently forming in different parts of Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland. They can be divided according to physical form into three distinct groups: (1) round pea-shaped concretions, (2) ring-shaped concrections, and (3) flat sheets and crusts of concretionary material. A definite correlation was found to exist between the form i.e. type of concretions and their chemical composition (Mn/Fe ratio). Trace element concentrations were generally rather high, although not as high as in deep sea manganese nodules. X-ray and DTA was used to study the mineralogy and crystal structure of the concretions. Surface concentrations and geographical distribution of the concretions were estimated on the basis of samples, diving observations and echo-grams.

Source:

Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT

Further details:

Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN

Winterhalter, Boris: Figure 1: Coalesced round iron-manganese concretions from the central part of the Bothnian Bay at station 14RR4. hdl:10013/epic.46576.d001

Winterhalter, Boris: Figure 4: Observation of concretions and their relation to underlying sediment done using SCUBA-equipment down to a depth of 40 meters. hdl:10013/epic.46576.d002

Winterhalter, Boris: Figure 5: Agglomerated concretion (Korso type) fromed by the action of currents and successive partial dissolution and regrowth. hdl:10013/epic.46576.d003

Winterhalter, Boris: Figure 7: Typical disc-shaped flat concretion with a mammilated surface. hdl:10013/epic.46576.d004

Winterhalter, Boris: Figure 8: Round (pea-shaped or grain-like) concretions from sample A7 in the central part of the Gulf of Bothnia. hdl:10013/epic.46576.d005

Winterhalter, Boris: Figure 10a: Side view of a ring-shaped concretion formed around a small granitic pebble. hdl:10013/epic.46576.d006

Project(s):

NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database (NOAA-MMS)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 62.469209 * Median Longitude: 22.595586 * South-bound Latitude: 59.583333 * West-bound Longitude: 17.713330 * North-bound Latitude: 65.291670 * East-bound Longitude: 27.391670

Date/Time Start: 1956-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1963-09-07T00:00:00

Comment:

From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

4 datasets

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Datasets listed in this publication series

Winterhalter, B (1966): Annotated record of the detailed examination of ferromanganese concretions from the Baltic Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856723
Winterhalter, B (1966): (Appendix 1, page 78-79) Iron and manganese in Baltic Sea concretions. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856724
Winterhalter, B (1966): (Table 6, page 45) Phosphorus and water contents and loss on ignition in Fe-Mn concretions from the Baltic Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856726
Winterhalter, B (1966): (Table 8, page 47) Concentrations of certain minor constituents in iron-manganese nodules from the Baltic Sea. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856727