Hayward, Bruce William; Grenfell, Hugh R; Carter, Rowan; Hayward, Jessica J (2015): (Appendix) Analysis of benthic foraminifera from ODP Leg 181 and DSDP Leg 90 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856548, Supplement to: Hayward, BW et al. (2004): Benthic foraminiferal proxy evidence for the Neogene palaeoceanographic history of the Southwest Pacific, east of New Zealand. Marine Geology, 205(1-4), 147-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(04)00022-2
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Abstract:
Canonical correspondence analysis indicates that the distribution of Neogene benthic foraminiferal faunas (>63 µm) in seven DSDP and ODP sites (500-4500 m water depth) east of New Zealand (38-51°S, 170°E-170°W) is most strongly influenced by depth (water mass stratification), and secondly by age (palaeoceanographic changes influencing faunal composition and biotic evolution). Stratigraphic faunal changes are interpretted in terms of the pulsed sequential development of southern, and later northern, polar glaciation and consequent cooling of bottom waters, increased vertical and lateral stratification of ocean water masses, and increased overall and seasonal surface water productivity. Oligocene initiation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), flowing northwards past New Zealand, resulted in extensive hiatuses throughout the Southwest Pacific, some extending through into the Miocene. Planktic foraminiferal fragmentation index values indicate that carbonate dissolution was significant at abyssal depths throughout most of the Neogene, peaking at upper abyssal depths in the late Miocene (11-7 Ma), with the lysocline progressively deepened thereafter. Miocene abyssal faunas are dominated by Globocassidulina subglobosa and Oridorsalis umbonatus, with increasing Epistominella exigua after 16 Ma at upper abyssal depths. Peak abundances of Epistominella umbonifera indicate increased input of cold Southern Component Water to the DWBC at 7-6 Ma. Faunal association changes imply establishment of the modern Oxygen Minimum Zone (upper Circumpolar Deep Water) in the latest Miocene. Significant latitudinal differences between the benthic foraminiferal faunas at lower bathyal depths indicate the existence of an oceanic front along the Chatham Rise (location of present Subtropical Front), since the early late Miocene at least, with more pulsed productivity (higher E. exigua) along the south side. Modern Antarctic Intermediate Water faunal associations were established north of the Chatham Rise at 10-9 Ma, and south of it at 3-1.5 Ma. Middle-upper bathyal faunas on the Campbell Plateau are dominated by reticulate bolivinids during the early and middle Miocene, indicative of sustained productivity above relatively sluggish, suboxic bottom waters. Faunal changes and hiatuses indicate increased current vigour over the Campbell Plateau from the latest Miocene on. Surface water productivity (food supply) appears to have increased in three steps (at times of enhanced global cooling) marked by substantially increased relative abundance of: (1) Abditodentrix pseudothalmanni, Alabaminella weddellensis, Cassidulina norvangi (16-15 Ma, increased pulsed productivity); (2) Bulimina marginata f. aculeata, Nonionella auris, Trifarina angulosa, Uvigerina peregrina (3-1.5 Ma, increased overall productivity); and (3) Cassidulina carinata (1-0.5 Ma, increased overall productivity). Three intervals of deep-sea benthic foraminiferal taxonomic turnover are recognised (16-15, 11.5-10, 2-0.5 Ma) corresponding to intervals of enhanced global cooling and possible productivity changes. The late Pliocene-middle Pleistocene extinction, associated with increasing Northern Hemisphere glaciation, culminating in the middle Pleistocene climatic transition, was more significant in the study area than the earlier Neogene turnovers.
Further details:
Project(s):
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -45.106408 * Median Longitude: 179.786225 * South-bound Latitude: -50.897930 * West-bound Longitude: 173.371650 * North-bound Latitude: -39.498350 * East-bound Longitude: -171.498980
Date/Time Start: 1983-01-03T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1998-10-06T17:30:00
Minimum Elevation: -4487.9 m * Maximum Elevation: -544.2 m
Event(s):
90-594 * Latitude: -45.523500 * Longitude: 174.948000 * Date/Time: 1983-01-03T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1204.0 m * Penetration: 505.1 m * Recovery: 300.7 m * Location: South Pacific/CONT RISE * Campaign: Leg90 * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 50 cores; 475.3 m cored; 28.8 m drilled; 63.3 % recovery
90-594A * Latitude: -45.523500 * Longitude: 174.948000 * Date/Time: 1983-01-03T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1204.0 m * Penetration: 639.5 m * Recovery: 161.5 m * Location: South Pacific/CONT RISE * Campaign: Leg90 * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 26 cores; 262.2 m cored; 0 m drilled; 61.6 % recovery
181-1120B * Latitude: -50.063380 * Longitude: 173.371660 * Date/Time Start: 1998-08-28T06:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1998-08-28T20:20:00 * Elevation: -544.2 m * Penetration: 188 m * Recovery: 146.51 m * Location: South Pacific Ocean * Campaign: Leg181 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 21 core; 188 m cored; 0 m drilled; 77.9 % recovery
Parameter(s):
# | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Event label | Event | Hayward, Bruce William | |||
2 | Date/Time of event | Date/Time | Hayward, Bruce William | |||
3 | Sample code/label | Sample label | Hayward, Bruce William | DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation | ||
4 | Latitude of event | Latitude | Hayward, Bruce William | |||
5 | Longitude of event | Longitude | Hayward, Bruce William | |||
6 | Depth, composite | Depth comp | mcd | Hayward, Bruce William | Intercore correlation | |
7 | Sample ID | Sample ID | Hayward, Bruce William | |||
8 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Hayward, Bruce William | Geocode | |
9 | Comment | Comment | Hayward, Bruce William | Association | ||
10 | Number | No | Hayward, Bruce William | Picked | ||
11 | Foraminifera, planktic | Foram plankt | % | Hayward, Bruce William | Calculated | |
12 | Fragmentation index | F index | # | Hayward, Bruce William | Counting | |
13 | Size fraction > 0.063 mm, sand | >63 µm | % | Hayward, Bruce William | Calculated | |
14 | Species diversity | Species div | Hayward, Bruce William | after Hayek and Buzas (1997) | ||
15 | Evenness of species | E | Hayward, Bruce William | after Hayek and Buzas (1997) | ||
16 | Number | No | Hayward, Bruce William | Counting | Number of species in pick of approximately 200 benthic foraminiferal specimens. | |
17 | Foraminifera, per unit sediment mass | Foram/sed | #/g | Hayward, Bruce William | Calculated | |
18 | Foraminifera, benthic | Foram benth | #/g | Hayward, Bruce William | Calculated | Number of benthic foraminiferal per g of sand. |
19 | Foraminifera, benthic, flux | Foram benth flux | #/cm2/ka | Hayward, Bruce William | Calculated |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
1154 data points