Citation:

journal.pone.0146321

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Abstract:

Lipid extraction of biomass prior to stable isotope analysis is known to cause variable changes in the stable nitrogen isotopic composition (d15N) of residual biomass. However, the underlying factors causing these changes are not yet clear. Here we address this issue by comparing the d15N of bulk and residual biomass of several marine animal tissues (fish, crab, cockle, oyster, and polychaete), as well as the d15N of the extracted lipids. As observed previously, lipid extraction led to a variable offset in d15N of biomass (differences ranging from -2.3 to +1.8 per mil). Importantly, the total lipid extract (TLE) was highly depleted in 15N compared to bulk biomass, and also highly variable (differences ranging from -14 to +0.7 per mil). The TLE consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholines, a group of lipids with one nitrogen atom in the headgroup. To elucidate the cause for the 15N-depletion in the TLE, the d15N of amino acids was determined, including serine because it is one of the main sources of nitrogen to N-containing lipids. Serine d15N values differed by -7 to +2 per mil from bulk biomass d15N, and correlated well with the 15N depletion in TLEs. On average, serine was less depleted (-3 per mil) than the TLE (-7 per mil), possibly due to fractionation during biosynthesis of N-containing headgroups, or that other nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea and choline, or recycled nitrogen contribute to the nitrogen isotopic composition of the TLE. The depletion in 15N of the TLE relative to biomass increased with the trophic level of the organisms.

Coverage:

Latitude: 53.400000 * Longitude: 6.100000

Event(s):

Dutch_WaddenSea * Latitude: 53.400000 * Longitude: 6.100000 * Location: North Sea, Wadden sea

Comment:

Empty cells: For d15N and C:N: No data obtained. For d15N std.dev.: only one replicate analyzed

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Sample code/label	Sample label		Svensson, Elisabeth
2	Species	Species		Svensson, Elisabeth
3	Tissues	Tissues		Svensson, Elisabeth	Type of tissue used in the analysis. Either white muscle or gill for fish, muscle, head or whole organism for invertabrates
4	Sample material	Samp mat		Svensson, Elisabeth	Bulk biomass before lipid extraction; Residue is lipid extracted biomass; TLE is the total lipid extract. Amino acids: ALA= alanine; ASX=aspartic acid+aspartame; GLU=glutamic acid; GLY=glycine; ILE=isoleucine; LEU=leucine; LYS=lysine; OH-PRO=hydroxyproline; PHE=phenylalanine; PRO=proline SER=serine; THR=threonine; TYR=tyrosine; VAL=valine
5	Lipids	Lipids	%	Svensson, Elisabeth	Weight percent lipids in bulk biomass
6	δ15N	δ15N	‰ air	Svensson, Elisabeth	Average of duplicate analysis of isotope ratio of nitrogen 15 to 14 in permil
7	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Svensson, Elisabeth	calculated from %TOC and %TN values
8	δ15N, standard deviation	δ15N std dev	±	Svensson, Elisabeth

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1367 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Sample label	2 Species	3 Tissues	4 Samp mat	5 Lipids [%]	6 δ15N [‰ air]	7 C/N	8 δ15N std dev [±]
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Bulk	30	11.5	5.6
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Residue		11.8	3.3
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	TLE		6.3
Atlantic herring_2	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Bulk	32	10.6	8.0
Atlantic herring_2	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Residue		10.7	3.2
Atlantic herring_2	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	TLE		5.2
Atlantic herring_3	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Bulk	25	10.6	6.0
Atlantic herring_3	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Residue		10.7	3.2
Atlantic herring_3	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	TLE
Atlantic herring_4	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Bulk	19	11.2	4.8
Atlantic herring_4	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Residue		13.0	3.3
Atlantic herring_4	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	TLE
Atlantic herring_5	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Bulk	30	11.1	6.0
Atlantic herring_5	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Residue		12.0	3.0
Atlantic herring_5	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	TLE		9.2
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Bulk	21	14.4	6.6
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	Residue		13.7	3.1
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	TLE		0.4	62.9
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	ALA		22.5		0.5
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	ASX		18.0		0.9
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	GLU		23.9		0.5
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	GLY		5.2		0.9
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	ILE
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	LEU		21.9		1.1
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	LYS
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	OH-PRO		20.5		1.8
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	PHE		6.0		2.4
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	PRO
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	SER		8.3		0.5
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	THR
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	TYR		8.7		0.8
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Gill	VAL		23.2		1.1
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Bulk	8	13.7	3.4
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Residue		14.2	3.1
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	TLE		2.7
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	ALA		26.3		0.9
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	ASX		21.7		0.7
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	GLU		26.6		1.0
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	GLY		5.0		0.8
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	ILE		25.7		0.1
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	LEU		25.8		0.7
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	LYS		5.0		0.4
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	OH-PRO
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	PHE		7.6		1.1
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	PRO
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	SER		5.9		1.0
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	THR		-17.5		2.4
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	TYR		14.0		0.9
Atlantic herring_1	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	VAL		27.2		1.2
Atlantic herring_2	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Bulk	34	11.7	6.1
Atlantic herring_2	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Residue		12.5	3.1
Atlantic herring_2	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	TLE		2.9
Atlantic herring_3	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Bulk	8	11.4	3.3
Atlantic herring_3	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Residue		12.2	3.0
Atlantic herring_3	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	TLE		-0.5	23.2
Atlantic herring_4	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Bulk	32	11.8	5.8
Atlantic herring_4	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Residue		12.8	3.1
Atlantic herring_4	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	TLE
Atlantic herring_5	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Bulk	40	11.5	5.8
Atlantic herring_5	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Residue		13.2	3.1
Atlantic herring_5	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	TLE		2.4
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Bulk	7	16.2	3.3
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	Residue		16.3	3.0
Atlantic herring_6	ClupeaHarengus	Muscle	TLE		3.1	14.6
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Bulk	10	15.0	3.9
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Residue		15.3	3.2
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	TLE		11.5
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	ALA		27.5		0.6
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	ASX		21.4		0.7
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	GLU		27.2		0.5
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	GLY		8.8		0.3
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	ILE		25.7		0.6
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	LEU		26.9		0.8
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	LYS		2.8		0.3
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	OH-PRO		22.9		0.9
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	PHE		9.9		0.8
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	PRO		27.6		0.7
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	SER		8.4		0.7
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	THR		-22.2		0.0
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	TYR		15.5		0.7
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Gill	VAL		28.5		1.4
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Bulk	8	13.9	3.8
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Residue		14.2	3.2
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Gill	TLE		7.2	19.5
Brown trout_3	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Bulk	9	16.3	3.8
Brown trout_3	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Residue		16.3	3.3
Brown trout_3	SalmoTrutta	Gill	TLE		11.0
Brown trout_4	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Bulk	6	16.0	4.0
Brown trout_4	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Residue		16.6	3.5
Brown trout_4	SalmoTrutta	Gill	TLE
Brown trout_5	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Bulk	3	15.9	3.7
Brown trout_5	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Residue		16.6	3.2
Brown trout_5	SalmoTrutta	Gill	TLE
Brown trout_6	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Bulk	7	16.1	3.8
Brown trout_6	SalmoTrutta	Gill	Residue		16.7	3.2
Brown trout_6	SalmoTrutta	Gill	TLE		8.5	42.2
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Bulk	25	15.3	5.1
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Residue		15.5	3.1
Brown trout_1	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	TLE		5.8
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Bulk	5	13.7	3.2
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Residue		14.4	3.0
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	TLE		4.3
Brown trout_3	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Bulk	9	16.1	3.3
Brown trout_3	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Residue		16.6	3.2
Brown trout_3	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	TLE		7.7
Brown trout_4	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Bulk	6	15.9	3.2
Brown trout_4	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Residue		16.8	3.1
Brown trout_4	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	TLE
Brown trout_5	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Bulk	8	16.5	3.3
Brown trout_5	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Residue		17.0	3.1
Brown trout_5	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	TLE		9.7	21.3
Brown trout_6	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Bulk	15	16.4	4.0
Brown trout_6	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	Residue		16.8	3.0
Brown trout_6	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	TLE		7.0
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	ALA		29.3		0.9
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	ASX		22.6		1.1
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	GLU		26.5		0.7
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	GLY		7.6		0.8
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	ILE		26.0		0.8
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	LEU		26.3		0.7
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	LYS		4.0		0.8
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	OH-PRO
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	PHE		8.6		0.9
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	PRO
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	SER		7.7		0.5
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	THR		-15.3		3.2
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	TYR		15.5		1.5
Brown trout_2	SalmoTrutta	Muscle	VAL		27.6		0.9
Twait shad_1	AlosaFallax	Gill	Bulk	9	16.7	4.2
Twait shad_1	AlosaFallax	Gill	Residue		17.0	3.3
Twait shad_1	AlosaFallax	Gill	TLE
Twait shad_2	AlosaFallax	Gill	Bulk	6	14.7	4.3
Twait shad_2	AlosaFallax	Gill	Residue		14.8	3.6
Twait shad_2	AlosaFallax	Gill	TLE
Twait shad_1	AlosaFallax	Muscle	Bulk	6	17.1	3.2
Twait shad_1	AlosaFallax	Muscle	Residue		17.9	3.1
Twait shad_1	AlosaFallax	Muscle	TLE		10.3	14.1
Twait shad_2	AlosaFallax	Muscle	Bulk	6	15.8	3.2
Twait shad_2	AlosaFallax	Muscle	Residue		16.7	3.1
Twait shad_2	AlosaFallax	Muscle	TLE
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	Bulk	4	13.2	3.8
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	Residue		13.4	3.6
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	TLE		8.2
Green shore crab_2	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	Bulk	2	15.8	3.7
Green shore crab_2	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	Residue		16.5	3.3
Green shore crab_2	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	TLE
Green shore crab_3	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	Bulk	6	13.9	5.3
Green shore crab_3	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	Residue		14.3	4.4
Green shore crab_3	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	TLE
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	ALA		23.3		2.2
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	ASX		20.2		1.3
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	GLU		24.1		0.9
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	GLY		10.0		1.4
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	ILE		18.3		1.8
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	LEU		19.8		1.9
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	LYS
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	OH-PRO
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	PHE		8.9		1.0
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	PRO
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	SER		10.7		1.6
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	THR		-4.7
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	TYR		11.4		0.5
Green shore crab_1	CarcinusMaenas	Muscle	VAL		21.2		2.3
Common cockle_1	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Bulk	5	11.3	4.6
Common cockle_1	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Residue		12.0	4.1
Common cockle_1	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	TLE
Common cockle_2	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Bulk	5	11.5	4.9
Common cockle_2	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Residue		11.9	4.3
Common cockle_2	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	TLE		7.2
Common cockle_3	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Bulk	5	12.1	4.7
Common cockle_3	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Residue		11.7	4.1
Common cockle_3	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	TLE		6.9
Common cockle_4	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Bulk	4	12.6	4.1
Common cockle_4	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Residue		12.7	3.7
Common cockle_4	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	TLE
Common cockle_5	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Bulk	3	12.0	4.5
Common cockle_5	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	Residue		11.9	4.1
Common cockle_5	CerastodermaEdule	Muscle	TLE
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	Bulk	6	12.3	3.3
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	Residue		13.3	3.3
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	TLE		7.0
Pacific oyster_2	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	Bulk	2	12.3	3.0
Pacific oyster_2	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	Residue		13.5	3.2
Pacific oyster_2	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	TLE		6.0
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	ALA		23.0		0.7
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	ASX		19.9		0.3
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	GLU		22.7		0.2
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	GLY		9.8		0.6
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	ILE		19.1		0.7
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	LEU		19.1		0.8
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	LYS		8.0		0.8
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	OH-PRO
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	PHE		11.7		0.7
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	PRO
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	SER		10.3		0.9
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	THR		4.6
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	TYR		15.0		1.1
Pacific oyster_1	CrassostreaGigas	Muscle	VAL		22.4		0.5
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	Bulk	5	12.4	4.7
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	Residue		11.3	4.0
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	TLE		8.5
Lugworm_2	ArenicolaMarina	Head	Bulk	3	11.7	4.2
Lugworm_2	ArenicolaMarina	Head	Residue		10.8	3.7
Lugworm_2	ArenicolaMarina	Head	TLE		8.4
Lugworm_3	ArenicolaMarina	Whole	Bulk	7	6.7	3.1
Lugworm_3	ArenicolaMarina	Whole	Residue		6.4	3.5
Lugworm_3	ArenicolaMarina	Whole	TLE		7.4
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	ALA		20.9		0.9
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	ASX		20.0		1.7
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	GLU		19.4		1.1
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	GLY		9.9		0.9
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	ILE		16.7		0.7
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	LEU		17.7		0.5
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	LYS		3.6		0.5
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	OH-PRO
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	PHE		9.3		0.8
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	PRO
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	SER		8.4		1.5
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	THR		4.7		1.6
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	TYR		11.3		0.3
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	VAL		19.6		1.2
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	ALA		18.1		1.4
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	ASX		18.2		1.2
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	GLU		17.4		0.9
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	GLY		9.1		1.0
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	ILE		16.2		1.4
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	LEU		16.7		0.8
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	LYS		2.1		0.2
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	OH-PRO
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	PHE		11.0		0.5
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	PRO
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	SER		8.8		1.0
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	THR		3.0		0.2
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	TYR		11.6		0.9
Lugworm_1	ArenicolaMarina	Head	VAL		18.5		2.3