Citation:

lo.1965.10.2.0268

Name: (Table 2, page 17-18), Elemental composition of ferromanganese crust in lakes Windermere and Ullswater, United Kingdom
Published: 1965
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS Citation BibTeX Citation Text Citation Facebook TwitterShow Map Google Earth

Abstract:

Analyses for Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Co, P, Mo, Ba, Sr, Ti, Li, Rb, Na, K, Be, Cr, V, Y, Ag, Cu, C, S, Sn, Ni, Ga, Zr, and La have been carried out on some oxidate crusts, oxidized surface muds, reduced subsurface muds, and glacial clays collected in Windermere and Esthwaite Water in the English Lake District. The relatively organic lake muds exhibit the highest concentrations of C, S, Cu, Sn, and Ni. Many of the oxidate crusts exhibit strong enrichment in Mn, Fe, Ba, Sr, Pb, and Zn. Ti, Li, Rb, Co, P, and Mo are also enriched in some crusts. S, Sn, and Ni reach their highest levels in the reducing subsurface muds, but Mn, and to a lesser extent Fe and Mo, are higher in the oxidized than in the reduced muds. Relations between the elements in the various sediments are examined, and the English oxidate crusts are compared with lake and stream ores in Sweden and Finland, and with marine manganese nodules. These marine nodules are frequently enriched in Cu, Ni, Co, Mo, V, Ag, and Sn to a far higher degree than the freshwater ferromanganese concretions. Some freshwater crusts exhibit enrichments in Pb, Zn, and Ba of the same order as those observed in marine manganese nodules.

Source:

Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT

Further details:

Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN

Project(s):

NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database (NOAA-MMS)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 54.490000 * Median Longitude: -2.919340 * South-bound Latitude: 54.403050 * West-bound Longitude: -2.960410 * North-bound Latitude: 54.576950 * East-bound Longitude: -2.878270

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m

Event(s):

Ullswater_G * Latitude: 54.576950 * Longitude: -2.878270 * Elevation Start: 145.0 m * Elevation End: 0.0 m * Lake water depth: 4.5 m * Location: Lake Ullswater, United Kingdom * Method/Device: Dredge (DRG)

Windermere_G * Latitude: 54.403050 * Longitude: -2.960410 * Elevation: 40.0 m * Lake water depth: 3.5 m * Location: Lake Windermere, United Kingdom * Method/Device: Dredge (DRG)

Comment:

Samples have been dried at 110 °C before analysis.

From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Gorham, Eville
2	Identification	ID		Gorham, Eville
3	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Gorham, Eville		Geocode
4	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Gorham, Eville	Wet chemistry
5	Iron	Fe	%	Gorham, Eville	Spectrophotometer (Unicam SP500)
6	Potassium	K	%	Gorham, Eville	Flame photometry
7	Sodium	Na	%	Gorham, Eville	Flame photometry
8	Manganese	Mn	%	Gorham, Eville	Spectrophotometer (Unicam SP500)
9	Sulfur, total	TS	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Wet chemistry
10	Titanium	Ti	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
11	Phosphorus	P	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectrophotometer (Unicam SP500)
12	Zinc	Zn	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
13	Barium	Ba	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
14	Lead	Pb	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
15	Zirconium	Zr	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
16	Vanadium	V	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
17	Yttrium	Y	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
18	Nickel	Ni	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
19	Rubidium	Rb	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
20	Chromium	Cr	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
21	Lanthanum	La	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
22	Copper	Cu	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
23	Cobalt	Co	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
24	Lithium	Li	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
25	Tin	Sn	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
26	Gallium	Ga	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
27	Strontium	Sr	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
28	Boron	B	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
29	Molybdenum	Mo	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
30	Silver	Ag	mg/kg	Gorham, Eville	Spectroscopy, cathode layer arc
31	Description	Description		Gorham, Eville

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

232 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 ID	4 TOC [%]	5 Fe [%]	6 K [%]	7 Na [%]	8 Mn [%]	9 TS [mg/kg]	10 Ti [mg/kg]	11 P [mg/kg]	12 Zn [mg/kg]	13 Ba [mg/kg]	14 Pb [mg/kg]	15 Zr [mg/kg]	16 V [mg/kg]	17 Y [mg/kg]	18 Ni [mg/kg]	19 Rb [mg/kg]	20 Cr [mg/kg]	21 La [mg/kg]	22 Cu [mg/kg]	23 Co [mg/kg]	24 Li [mg/kg]	25 Sn [mg/kg]	26 Ga [mg/kg]	27 Sr [mg/kg]	28 B [mg/kg]	29 Mo [mg/kg]	30 Ag [mg/kg]	31 Description
Windermere_G	107_779	1.1	22.10	1.00	0.42	0.132	430	1000	4100	400	800	80	10	2	15	10	1	4	20	<5	20	<1	<5	1	25	5	10	<1	Composed of large pieces of oxidate crust dredged from this site, probably from the surface mud. 7 October 1954 from shallow water (approx 3-4 m ) in the Wray Castle Boathouse Bay of Windermere.
Windermere_G	107_780	1.3	16.20	1.28	0.39	0.132	480	2000	2300	1500	5000	6000	60	60	40	25	60	30	20	8	40	30	<5	5	100	5	10	<1	Oxidate crust collected 14 October 1954 from Ash landing on Windermere
Windermere_G	107_781	0.8	11.50	1.83	0.65	0.100	300	4000	4200	300	1500	30	60	80	40	20	100	40	30	5	40	25	<5	20	30	5	<1	<1	Oxidate crust collected 14 October 1954 from a perch net off Ferry House, Windermere
Ullswater_G	107_785	0.5	11.10	1.60	0.68	0.080	150	3000	1800	2000	8000	6000	60	40	30	40	60	30	30	20	60	80	<5	10	100	5	10	<1	One of a series of more regular and rather saucer shaped crusts with raised edges and without stony inclusions. Collected near the shore of Ullswater in October 1954.
Windermere_G	107_765	0.8	38.60	0.50	0.18	0.070	300	1000	6200	1000	1500	200	10	20	10	15	1	5	30	<5	25	3	<5	1	40	8	10	<1	A number of small pieces of oxidate crust apparently embedded in a dark brown mud at its boundary with the clay beneath. 7 October 1954 from shallow water (approx 3-4 m ) in the Wray Castle Boathouse Bay of Windermere.
Ullswater_G	107_783	0.4	5.90	2.12	0.85	0.029	100	5000	1000	3000	3000	8000	100	80	40	40	100	60	30	15	30	60	<5	25	60	<5	<1	<1	Irregularly shaped crust including many tiny stone fragments, collected from approx 4-5 m depth in Ullswater in October 1954.
Windermere_G	107_782	0.0	8.50	1.73	1.03	0.023	280	6000	1500	400	1500	50	150	80	60	40	100	40	40	15	25	30	<5	20	60	<5	<1	<1	Oxidate crust collected 1 November 1954 from a perch net 100 m north of Thompson Holm on Windermere
Windermere_G	107_784	0.3	7.20	2.91	0.96	0.014	50	3000	1100	300	2000	50	100	100	40	20	150	60	30	10	30	40	<5	25	60	5	<1	<1	A clayey crust formed over laminated clay on the Chicken Rocks, Windermere, collected 29 November 1954