Citation:

s00300-015-1724-x

Name: Increased CO2 modifies the carbon balance and the photosynthetic yield of two common Arctic brown seaweeds: Desmarestia aculeata and Alaria esculenta
Published: 2015
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Alaria esculenta; Arctic; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Desmarestia aculeata; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Ochrophyta; Polar; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Single species

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification affects with special intensity Arctic ecosystems, being marine photosynthetic organisms a primary target, although the consequences of this process in the carbon fluxes of Arctic algae are still unknown. The alteration of the cellular carbon balance due to physiological acclimation to an increased CO2 concentration (1300 ppm) in the common Arctic brown seaweeds Desmarestia aculeata and Alaria esculenta from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) was analysed. Growth rate of D. aculeata was negatively affected by CO2 enrichment, while A. esculenta was positively affected, as a result of a different reorganization of the cellular carbon budget in both species. Desmarestia aculeata showed increased respiration, enhanced accumulation of storage biomolecules and elevated release of dissolved organic carbon, whereas A. esculenta showed decreased respiration and lower accumulation of storage biomolecules. Gross photosynthesis (measured both as O2 evolution and 14C fixation) was not affected in any of them, suggesting that photosynthesis was already saturated at normal CO2 conditions and did not participate in the acclimation response. However, electron transport rate changed in both species in opposite directions, indicating different energy requirements between treatments and species specificity. High CO2 levels also affected the N-metabolism, and 13C isotopic discrimination values from algal tissue pointed to a deactivation of carbon concentrating mechanisms. Since increased CO2 has the potential to modify physiological mechanisms in different ways in the species studied, it is expected that this may lead to changes in the Arctic seaweed community, which may propagate to the rest of the food web.

Keyword(s):

Alaria esculenta; Arctic; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Desmarestia aculeata; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Ochrophyta; Polar; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 78.916670 * Longitude: 11.933330

Event(s):

KongsfjordenOA * Latitude: 78.916670 * Longitude: 11.933330 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2015-09-15.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Iñiguez, Concepcion
2	Treatment	Treat		Iñiguez, Concepcion
3	Growth rate	µ	%/day	Iñiguez, Concepcion
4	Growth rate, standard deviation	µ std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
5	Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen	PN O2	µmol/g/h	Iñiguez, Concepcion
6	Net photosynthesis rate, standard deviation	PN std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
7	Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen	PG O2	µmol/g/h	Iñiguez, Concepcion
8	Gross photosynthesis rate, standard deviation	PG std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
9	Carbon fixation rate	C fix	µmol/g/h	Iñiguez, Concepcion		14C
10	Carbon fixation rate, standard deviation	C fix std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion		14C
11	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/g/h	Iñiguez, Concepcion
12	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard deviation	Resp O2 std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
13	Dissolved organic carbon release rate	DOC rel	µmol/g/h	Iñiguez, Concepcion
14	Dissolved organic carbon release rate, standard deviation	DOC rel std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
15	Particulate organic carbon release rate	POC rel	µmol/g/h	Iñiguez, Concepcion
16	Particulate organic carbon release rate, standard deviation	POC rel std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
17	Percentage	Perc	%	Iñiguez, Concepcion		fixed carbon lost by respiration
18	Percentage	Perc	%	Iñiguez, Concepcion		fixed carbon invested in new biomass production (growth)
19	Percentage	Perc	%	Iñiguez, Concepcion		fixed carbon accumulated in storage biomolecules
20	Percentage	Perc	%	Iñiguez, Concepcion		organic carbon released and found in DOC form
21	Percentage	Perc	%	Iñiguez, Concepcion		organic carbon released and found in POC form
22	Photosynthetic quotient	PQ		Iñiguez, Concepcion
23	Photosynthetic quotient, standard deviation	PQ std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
24	Electron transport rate	ETR	µmol e/m²/s	Iñiguez, Concepcion		at an irradiance of 30 µE/m**2/s
25	Electron transport rate, standard deviation	ETR std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion		at an irradiance of 30 µE/m**2/s
26	Electron transport rate	ETR	µmol e/m²/s	Iñiguez, Concepcion		max
27	Electron transport rate, standard deviation	ETR std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion		max
28	Initial slope of rapid light curve	alpha	µmol electrons/µmol quanta	Iñiguez, Concepcion
29	Initial slope of rapid light curve, standard deviation	alpha std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
30	Light saturation	Ek	µmol/m²/s	Iñiguez, Concepcion
31	Light saturation, standard deviation	Ek std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
32	Irradiance	E	µmol/m²/s	Iñiguez, Concepcion		at which chronic photoinhibition begins
33	Irradiance, standard deviation	E std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion		at which chronic photoinhibition begins
34	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II	Fv/Fm		Iñiguez, Concepcion
35	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, standard deviation	Fv/Fm std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
36	Carbon, total	TC	%	Iñiguez, Concepcion
37	Carbon, total, standard deviation	TC std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
38	Nitrogen, total	TN	%	Iñiguez, Concepcion
39	Nitrogen, standard deviation	N std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
40	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Iñiguez, Concepcion
41	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard deviation	C/N std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
42	δ13C	δ13C	‰ PDB	Iñiguez, Concepcion
43	δ13C, standard deviation	δ13C std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
44	Ratio	Ratio		Iñiguez, Concepcion		fresh mass/dry mass
45	Ratio, standard deviation	Ratio std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion		fresh mass/dry mass
46	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Iñiguez, Concepcion
47	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
48	Salinity	Sal		Iñiguez, Concepcion
49	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion
50	pH	pH		Iñiguez, Concepcion	Potentiometric	NBS scale
51	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Potentiometric	NBS scale
52	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
53	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
54	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
55	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
56	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
57	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
58	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
59	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
60	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
61	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Calculated using CO2calc
62	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Potentiometric titration
63	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Iñiguez, Concepcion	Potentiometric titration
64	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
65	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
66	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
67	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
68	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
69	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
70	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
71	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
72	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
73	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

292 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Treat	3 µ [%/day]	4 µ std dev [±]	5 PN O2 [µmol/g/h]	6 PN std dev [±]	7 PG O2 [µmol/g/h]	8 PG std dev [±]	9 C fix [µmol/g/h] (14C)	10 C fix std dev [±] (14C)	11 Resp O2 [µmol/g/h]	12 Resp O2 std dev [±]	13 DOC rel [µmol/g/h]	14 DOC rel std dev [±]	15 POC rel [µmol/g/h]	16 POC rel std dev [±]	17 Perc [%] (fixed carbon lost by respiration)	18 Perc [%] (fixed carbon invested in new ...)	19 Perc [%] (fixed carbon accumulated in s...)	20 Perc [%] (organic carbon released and f...)	21 Perc [%] (organic carbon released and f...)	22 PQ	23 PQ std dev [±]	24 ETR [µmol e/m²/s] (at an irradiance of 30 µE/m**2/s)	25 ETR std dev [±] (at an irradiance of 30 µE/m**2/s)	26 ETR [µmol e/m²/s] (max)	27 ETR std dev [±] (max)	28 alpha [µmol electrons/µmol quanta]	29 alpha std dev [±]	30 Ek [µmol/m²/s]	31 Ek std dev [±]	32 E [µmol/m²/s] (at which chronic photoinhibit...)	33 E std dev [±] (at which chronic photoinhibit...)	34 Fv/Fm	35 Fv/Fm std dev [±]	36 TC [%]	37 TC std dev [±]	38 TN [%]	39 N std dev [±]	40 C/N	41 C/N std dev [±]	42 δ13C [‰ PDB]	43 δ13C std dev [±]	44 Ratio (fresh mass/dry mass)	45 Ratio std dev [±] (fresh mass/dry mass)	46 Temp [°C]	47 Temp std dev [±]	48 Sal	49 Sal std dev [±]	50 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	51 pH std dev [±] (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	52 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2calc)	53 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2calc)	54 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2calc)	55 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2calc)	56 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2calc)	57 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2calc)	58 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2calc)	59 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2calc)	60 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2calc)	61 DIC std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2calc)	62 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	63 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	64 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	65 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	66 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	67 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	68 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	69 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	70 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	71 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	72 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	73 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Desmarestia aculeata (macroalga)	pCO2=390 ppm	1.12	0.37	15.53	1.40	18.35	1.03	13.33	1.53	3.14	1.04	0.10	0.21	0.21	0.13	24.71	25.21	64.39	1.18	1.62	1.380	0.130	7.30	0.48	21.01	2.38	0.23	0.04	80.10	3.20	306.00	78.00	0.72	0.03	35.72	1.25	2.17	0.11	19.29	1.39	-19.22	2.06	3.93	0.50	4	0.5	31.5	0.5	8.17	0.04	410.000	52	23	3	2265	56	123	9	2410	49	2566	34	26	8.07	23.15	419.48	421.24	2277.38	118.63	2419.16	1.81	2.89
Desmarestia aculeata (macroalga)	pCO2=1300 ppm	0.20	0.09	12.66	0.27	16.53	1.17	12.74	1.64	4.92	0.61	0.48	0.17	0.05	0.08	39.82	4.95	72.35	4.21	0.43	1.300	0.150	6.23	0.33	14.90	2.32	0.24	0.07	78.00	18.10	272.00	27.00	0.72	0.04	35.86	1.21	1.97	0.05	21.26	0.63	-23.47	2.25	3.65	0.13	4	0.5	31.5	0.5	7.72	0.02	1252.000	30	69	2	2453	10	47	1	2569	10	2568	9	26	7.62	70.29	1273.74	1279.08	2457.11	45.48	2572.88	0.69	1.11
Alaria esculenta (macroalga)	pCO2=390 ppm	7.21	0.58	40.96	6.35	50.10	6.93	26.11	3.89	10.64	1.00	0.23	0.12	0.44	0.24	36.18	71.72	13.75	0.81	1.42	1.920	0.400	3.07	0.60	3.21	0.71	0.17	0.02	19.10	1.90	38.20	3.90	0.67	0.03	32.84	0.23	3.48	0.23	11.04	0.73	-21.84	1.75	4.41	0.07	4	0.5	31.5	0.5	8.19	0.07	395.000	27	22	1	2280	25	129	9	2431	27	2595	35	26	8.09	22.25	403.11	404.80	2291.57	124.99	2438.81	1.90	3.04
Alaria esculenta (macroalga)	pCO2=1300 ppm	9.69	0.39	38.82	6.92	42.95	8.52	30.34	3.74	5.28	1.39	0.57	0.08	0.51	0.15	23.46	86.53	5.39	2.53	2.28	1.410	0.330	4.55	0.60	5.14	0.64	0.23	0.04	23.80	2.50	47.70	5.10	0.68	0.01	30.64	1.01	3.92	0.10	9.12	0.36	-28.66	1.49	5.19	0.21	4	0.5	31.5	0.5	7.72	0.03	1300.000	36	71	2	2462	15	45	1	2578	15	2573	17	26	7.62	70.43	1276.26	1281.60	2461.93	45.57	2577.93	0.69	1.11