Citation:

s11120-015-0138-5

Name: Effects of ocean acidification on the photosynthetic performance, carbonic anhydrase activity and growth of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
Published: 2015-09-14
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Macrocystis pyrifera; Ochrophyta; Other metabolic rates; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate

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Abstract:

Under ocean acidification (OA), the 200 % increase in CO2(aq) and the reduction of pH by 0.3-0.4 units are predicted to affect the carbon physiology and growth of macroalgae. Here we examined how the physiology of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera is affected by elevated pCO2/low pH. Growth and photosynthetic rates, external and internal carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, HCO3 (-) versus CO2 use were determined over a 7-day incubation at ambient pCO2 400 µatm/pH 8.00 and a future OA treatment of pCO2 1200 µatm/pH 7.59. Neither the photosynthetic nor growth rates were changed by elevated CO2 supply in the OA treatment. These results were explained by the greater use of HCO3 (-) compared to CO2 as an inorganic carbon (Ci) source to support photosynthesis. Macrocystis is a mixed HCO3 (-) and CO2 user that exhibits two effective mechanisms for HCO3 (-) utilization; as predicted for species that possess carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), photosynthesis was not substantially affected by elevated pCO2. The internal CA activity was also unaffected by OA, and it remained high and active throughout the experiment; this suggests that HCO3 (-) uptake via an anion exchange protein was not affected by OA. Our results suggest that photosynthetic Ci uptake and growth of Macrocystis will not be affected by elevated pCO2/low pH predicted for the future, but the combined effects with other environmental factors like temperature and nutrient availability could change the physiological response of Macrocystis to OA. Therefore, further studies will be important to elucidate how this species might respond to the global environmental change predicted for the ocean.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Macrocystis pyrifera; Ochrophyta; Other metabolic rates; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -45.783330 * Longitude: 170.716670

Event(s):

Aramoana * Latitude: -45.783330 * Longitude: 170.716670 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2015-09-09.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Fernández, Pamela A
2	Figure	Fig		Fernández, Pamela A
3	Table	Tab		Fernández, Pamela A
4	Treatment	Treat		Fernández, Pamela A
5	Inhibition of net photosynthesis	Inhib NP	%	Fernández, Pamela A		inhibitor addition (AZ)
6	Inhibition of net photosynthesis, standard error	Inhib NP std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A		inhibitor addition (AZ)
7	Inhibition of net photosynthesis	Inhib NP	%	Fernández, Pamela A		inhibitor addition (EZ)
8	Inhibition of net photosynthesis, standard error	Inhib NP std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A		inhibitor addition (EZ)
9	Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen	PN O2	µmol/g/s	Fernández, Pamela A
10	Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen, standard error	PN O2 std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A
11	pH	pH		Fernández, Pamela A		total scale
12	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A		total scale
13	Change	Change		Fernández, Pamela A		H+ concentration
14	Change, standard error	Change std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A		H+ concentration
15	Time in days	Time	days	Fernández, Pamela A
16	Carbonic anhydrase activity	CA activity	REA/g	Fernández, Pamela A		external
17	Carbonic anhydrase activity, standard error	CA act std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A		external
18	Carbonic anhydrase activity	CA activity	REA/g	Fernández, Pamela A		internal
19	Carbonic anhydrase activity, standard error	CA act std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A		internal
20	Growth rate	µ	%/day	Fernández, Pamela A
21	Growth rate, standard error	µ std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A
22	Bicarbonate uptake rate	[HCO3]- upt rate	µmol/kg/g/h	Fernández, Pamela A
23	Bicarbonate uptake rate, standard error	[HCO3]- upt std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A
24	Carbon dioxide uptake rate	CO2 upt rate	µmol/kg/g/h	Fernández, Pamela A
25	Carbon dioxide uptake, standard error	CO2 upt std e	±	Fernández, Pamela A
26	δ15N	δ15N	‰ air	Fernández, Pamela A
27	δ15N, standard deviation	δ15N std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A
28	Nitrogen, total	TN	%	Fernández, Pamela A
29	Nitrogen, standard deviation	N std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A
30	δ13C	δ13C	‰ PDB	Fernández, Pamela A
31	δ13C, standard deviation	δ13C std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A
32	Carbon, total	TC	%	Fernández, Pamela A
33	Carbon, total, standard deviation	TC std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A
34	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Fernández, Pamela A
35	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard deviation	C/N std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A
36	Salinity	Sal		Fernández, Pamela A
37	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Fernández, Pamela A
38	pH	pH		Fernández, Pamela A	Spectrophotometric	total scale
39	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Fernández, Pamela A	Coulometric titration
40	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A	Coulometric titration
41	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Fernández, Pamela A	Potentiometric titration
42	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A	Potentiometric titration
43	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Fernández, Pamela A	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
44	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
45	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Fernández, Pamela A	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
46	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
47	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Fernández, Pamela A	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
48	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
49	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Fernández, Pamela A	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
50	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Fernández, Pamela A	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
51	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
52	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
53	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
55	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
57	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
58	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
59	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

766 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Fig	3 Tab	4 Treat	5 Inhib NP [%] (inhibitor addition (AZ))	6 Inhib NP std e [±] (inhibitor addition (AZ))	7 Inhib NP [%] (inhibitor addition (EZ))	8 Inhib NP std e [±] (inhibitor addition (EZ))	9 PN O2 [µmol/g/s]	10 PN O2 std e [±]	11 pH (total scale)	12 pH std e [±] (total scale)	13 Change (H+ concentration)	14 Change std e [±] (H+ concentration)	15 Time [days]	16 CA activity [REA/g] (external)	17 CA act std e [±] (external)	18 CA activity [REA/g] (internal)	19 CA act std e [±] (internal)	20 µ [%/day]	21 µ std e [±]	22 [HCO3]- upt rate [µmol/kg/g/h]	23 [HCO3]- upt std e [±]	24 CO2 upt rate [µmol/kg/g/h]	25 CO2 upt std e [±]	26 δ15N [‰ air]	27 δ15N std dev [±]	28 TN [%]	29 N std dev [±]	30 δ13C [‰ PDB]	31 δ13C std dev [±]	32 TC [%]	33 TC std dev [±]	34 C/N	35 C/N std dev [±]	36 Sal	37 Temp [°C]	38 pH (total scale, Spectrophotometric)	39 DIC [µmol/kg] (Coulometric titration)	40 DIC std dev [±] (Coulometric titration)	41 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	42 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	43 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunte...)	44 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunte...)	45 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunte...)	46 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunte...)	47 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunte...)	48 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunte...)	49 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunte...)	50 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunte...)	51 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	52 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	53 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	54 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	55 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	56 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	57 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	58 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	59 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	1		pH 8.00	28.34	3.54	23.90	5.78	0.09	0.01
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	1		pH 9.00	24.85	5.05	19.17	4.60	0.10	0.00
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	1		pH 7.59	25.54	1.19	21.92	4.11	0.10	0.01
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	2		Field collected							9.16	0.01
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	2		Ambient							9.10	0.04	0.0000000071	0.0000000001																						35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	2		OA							9.01	0.09	0.0000000142	0.0000000002																						35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	3		Ambient					0.10	0.02					1																					35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	3		Ambient					0.12	0.01					3																					35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	3		Ambient					0.08	0.01					7																					35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	3		OA					0.09	0.01					1																					35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	3		OA					0.11	0.02					3																					35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	3		OA					0.07	0.01					7																					35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	4		Field											0	5.74	0.59	7.21	1.34																	35	12
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	4		Ambient											1	2.62	0.35	6.49	1.09																	35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	4		OA											1	1.61	0.63	7.71	1.16																	35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	4		Ambient											3	2.19	0.20	7.50	1.01																	35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	4		OA											3	2.85	0.42	8.37	1.14																	35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	4		Ambient											7	2.75	0.51	9.80	0.66																	35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	4		OA											7	1.24	0.30	8.06	0.79																	35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	5, 6		Ambient									0.0000000004	0.0000000002	3					7.65	0.93															35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	5, 6		Ambient									0.0000000004	0.0000000001	7					3.97	0.41															35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	5, 6		OA									0.0000000005	0.0000000002	3					9.82	1.73															35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	5, 6		OA									0.0000000029	0.0000000009	7					4.65	0.77															35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	7		Ambient																		98.29	4.55	5.54	0.30											35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)	7		OA																		85.76	8.63	21.79	1.44											35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)		2	Field																						8.98	0.76	1.07	0.14	-20.93	0.75	27.52	0.52	30.31	4.86
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)		2	Pre-incubation																						1.42	1.08	2.10	0.09	-21.93	1.82	23.26	0.05	12.97	0.60
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)		2	Ambient																						0.27	0.57	2.35	0.13	-12.83	0.90	32.45	0.78	16.09	0.82	35	12	8.05	2043	0.50	2217	0.53	1897	0.46	17	0.01	128	0.03	447	0.11	15	8.00	17.58	427.63	429.24	1898.46	126.95	1.93	3.02
Macrocystis pyrifera (macroalga)		2	OA																						0.04	0.54	2.38	0.21	-15.26	2.99	32.42	1.13	15.99	1.49	35	12	7.59	2156	0.26	2195	0.26	2053	0.25	50	0.01	53	0.01	1242	0.27	15	7.62	46.35	1127.25	1131.50	2053.31	56.34	0.86	1.34