Citation:

fsv085

Name: Foraging behaviour of the epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum is not affected by elevated CO2
Published: 2016
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Behaviour; Benthos; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Hemiscyllium ocellatum; Laboratory experiment; Nekton; Single species; South Pacific; Tropical

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Abstract:

Increased oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is a threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. Among the most dramatic consequences predicted to date are behavioural impairments in marine fish which appear to be caused by the interference of elevated CO2 with a key neurotransmitter receptor in the brain. In this study, we tested the effects of elevated CO2 on the foraging and shelter-seeking behaviours of the reef-dwelling epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum. Juvenile sharks were exposed for 30 d to control CO2 (400 µatm) and two elevated CO2 treatments (615 and 910 µatm), consistent with medium- and high-end projections for ocean pCO2 by 2100. Contrary to the effects observed in teleosts and in some other sharks, behaviour of the epaulette shark was unaffected by elevated CO2. A potential explanation is the remarkable adaptation of H. ocellatum to low environmental oxygen conditions (hypoxia) and diel fluctuations in CO2 encountered in their shallow reef habitat. This ability translates into behavioural tolerance of near-future ocean acidification, suggesting that behavioural tolerance and subsequent adaptation to projected future CO2 levels might be possible in some other fish, if adaptation can keep pace with the rate of rising CO2 levels.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Behaviour; Benthos; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Hemiscyllium ocellatum; Laboratory experiment; Nekton; Single species; South Pacific; Tropical

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.6. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2015-08-17.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Munday, Philip L
2	Figure	Fig		Munday, Philip L
3	Identification	ID		Munday, Philip L		shark
4	Treatment	Treat		Munday, Philip L
5	Fish, standard length	Fish SL	mm	Munday, Philip L
6	Time in seconds	Time	s	Munday, Philip L		outside Shelter
7	Time, standard deviation	Time std dev		Munday, Philip L		outside Shelter
8	Time in seconds	Time	s	Munday, Philip L		latency first bite
9	Time, standard deviation	Time std dev		Munday, Philip L		latency first bite
10	Activity description	Activity		Munday, Philip L		activity shelter food (# of line crossings per min.)
11	Activity, standard deviation	Act std dev	±	Munday, Philip L		activity shelter food (# of line crossings per min.)
12	Activity description	Activity		Munday, Philip L		total activity (# of line crossings per min.)
13	Activity, standard deviation	Act std dev	±	Munday, Philip L		total activity (# of line crossings per min.)
14	Time in seconds	Time	s	Munday, Philip L		reach shelter
15	Activity description	Activity		Munday, Philip L		# of line crossings per min.
16	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Munday, Philip L	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	pH	pH		Munday, Philip L	Potentiometric	total scale
18	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Munday, Philip L
19	Salinity	Sal		Munday, Philip L
20	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Munday, Philip L	Potentiometric titration
21	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1584 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Fig	3 ID (shark)	4 Treat	5 Fish SL [mm]	6 Time [s] (outside Shelter)	7 Time std dev (outside Shelter)	8 Time [s] (latency first bite)	9 Time std dev (latency first bite)	10 Activity (activity shelter food (# of l...)	11 Act std dev [±] (activity shelter food (# of l...)	12 Activity (total activity (# of line cro...)	13 Act std dev [±] (total activity (# of line cro...)	14 Time [s] (reach shelter)	15 Activity (# of line crossings per min.)	16 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 pH (total scale, Potentiometric)	18 Temp [°C]	19 Sal	20 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	21 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	1	Control	130	145.5	164.6	179.1	172.8	3.9	5.6	60.3	54.2			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	2	Control	290	130.2	122.6	96.6	102.7	11.7	13.8	94.1	114.4			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	3	Control	355	320.5	135.0	128.6	38.7	26.1	16.4	211.9	103.2			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	4	Control	350	710.2	263.6	115.0	63.5	53.4	25.7	497.6	167.6			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	5	Control	410	302.0	97.6	141.0	34.8	23.6	15.9	248.3	170.3			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	6	Control	250	35.6	31.1	150.0	139.9	4.2	5.3	35.4	30.3			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	7	Control	305	126.5	40.3	152.9	49.9	24.1	19.4	128.4	45.2			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	8	Control	277	61.3	68.2	218.4	222.1	6.5	11.3	67.1	85.5			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	9	Control	361	96.9	76.8	98.5	90.6	8.7	10.0	81.1	76.6			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	10	Control	325	55.5	61.3	132.0	148.0	7.8	14.3	62.4	70.8			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	11	Control	430	447.7	71.1	64.0	52.8	95.7	80.2	382.8	76.7			401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	12	Medium CO2	220	42.7	59.1	41.0	88.1	2.3	5.0	27.9	37.8			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	13	Medium CO2	350	209.0	89.9	151.8	55.9	26.4	21.7	181.2	103.2			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	14	Medium CO2	330	486.8	302.1	114.9	55.0	20.6	13.9	362.7	215.8			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	15	Medium CO2	360	204.5	121.1	151.4	83.1	11.4	7.0	146.9	94.5			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	16	Medium CO2	395	511.5	202.8	101.6	41.1	27.3	11.9	349.2	151.5			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	17	Medium CO2	290	154.3	86.4	441.6	979.8	16.2	13.2	190.2	145.9			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	18	Medium CO2	290	63.6	60.6	118.1	114.2	4.7	4.5	57.5	67.1			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	19	Medium CO2	373	142.8	83.8	172.7	101.7	6	5.3	169.8	104.9			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	20	Medium CO2	350	192.9	71.4	91.6	37.1	36.7	25.2	184.5	103.0			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	21	Medium CO2	400	134.0	92.0	114.9	62.9	32.7	35.0	139.9	111.3			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	22	Medium CO2	440	1128.0	245.2	82.9	44.7	65.8	35.5	692.8	147.6			617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	23	High CO2	182	96.8	97.2	203.1	256.8	5.6	7.1	53.7	43.7			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	24	High CO2	295	79.3	61.5	194.8	149.1	6.1	6.1	82	83.7			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	25	High CO2	370	125.4	68.6	161.3	136.5	7.9	9.8	99.5	49.9			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	26	High CO2	440	139.9	68.4	139.0	75.1	20.5	15.3	131.1	75.9			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	27	High CO2	440	88.7	49.3	786.9	1283.1	14.9	20.1	118.1	78.5			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	28	High CO2	292	73.8	64.3	145.9	169.2	10.6	11.6	67.8	60.4			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	29	High CO2	280	128.2	51.3	172.9	105.6	19.1	12.2	104.6	57.8			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	30	High CO2	360	210.1	84.8	113.5	57.6	21.5	12.9	200.3	72.3			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	31	High CO2	335	184.9	148.0	88.0	85.0	14.7	13.4	131.4	113.0			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	32	High CO2	410	861.9	294.0	46.9	27.3	70	36.5	962.4	567.7			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	2	33	High CO2	385	243.9	77.4	366.8	486.6	12.4	8.9	177.3	84.0			905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	1	Control	130									91	0.197	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	2	Control	290									35	0.603	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	3	Control	355									91	0.428	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	4	Control	350									12	1.083	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	5	Control	410									107	0.337	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	6	Control	250									20	0.808	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	7	Control	305									115	0.634	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	8	Control	277									26	1.008	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	9	Control	325									27	0.889	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	10	Control	430									28	0.532	401	8.015	28.65	35.6	2154	8	9.66	420.84	422.02	1608.76	225.36	1843.78	3.97	5.92
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	11	Medium CO2	220									50	0.422	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	12	Medium CO2	280									25	0.476	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	13	Medium CO2	350									40	0.597	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	14	Medium CO2	330									51	0.588	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	15	Medium CO2	360									70	0.328	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	16	Medium CO2	395									21	0.524	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	17	Medium CO2	290									88	0.249	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	18	Medium CO2	290									54	1.185	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	19	Medium CO2	373									132	0.394	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	20	Medium CO2	350									8	1.667	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	21	Medium CO2	400									91	0.241	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	22	Medium CO2	440									27	0.926	617	7.850	28.70	35.8	2081	8	14.75	645.13	646.95	1685.63	162.83	1863.21	2.87	4.28
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	23	High CO2	182									111	0.171	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	24	High CO2	295									81	0.778	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	25	High CO2	370									100	0.339	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	26	High CO2	440									31	0.513	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	27	High CO2	440									35	0.661	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	28	High CO2	292									44	0.868	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	29	High CO2	280									23	0.746	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	30	High CO2	360									43	0.81	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	31	High CO2	335									24	0.458	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	32	High CO2	410									58	0.464	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27
Hemiscyllium ocellatum (fish)	3	33	High CO2	385									47	0.235	905	7.705	28.70	36.0	2083	8	21.71	953.51	956.18	1782.18	124.16	1928.05	2.19	3.27