Watson, Sue-Ann (2015): Giant clams and rising CO2: light may ameliorate effects of ocean acidification on a solar-powered animal [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.848714, Supplement to: Watson, S-A (2015): Giant clams and rising CO2: light may ameliorate effects of ocean acidification on a solar-powered animal. PLoS ONE, 10(6), e0128405, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128405
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Abstract:
Global climate change and ocean acidification pose a serious threat to marine life. Marine invertebrates are particularly susceptible to ocean acidification, especially highly calcareous taxa such as molluscs, echinoderms and corals. The largest of all bivalve molluscs, giant clams, are already threatened by a variety of local pressures, including overharvesting, and are in decline worldwide. Several giant clam species are listed as 'Vulnerable' on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and now climate change and ocean acidification pose an additional threat to their conservation. Unlike most other molluscs, giant clams are 'solar-powered' animals containing photosynthetic algal symbionts suggesting that light could influence the effects of ocean acidification on these vulnerable animals. In this study, juvenile fluted giant clams Tridacna squamosa were exposed to three levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) (control ~400, mid ~650 and high ~950 µatm) and light (photosynthetically active radiation 35, 65 and 304 µmol photons/m**2/s). Elevated CO2 projected for the end of this century (~650 and ~950 µatm) reduced giant clam survival and growth at mid-light levels. However, effects of CO2 on survival were absent at high-light, with 100% survival across all CO2 levels. Effects of CO2 on growth of surviving clams were lessened, but not removed, at high-light levels. Shell growth and total animal mass gain were still reduced at high-CO2. This study demonstrates the potential for light to alleviate effects of ocean acidification on survival and growth in a threatened calcareous marine invertebrate. Managing water quality (e.g. turbidity and sedimentation) in coastal areas to maintain water clarity may help ameliorate some negative effects of ocean acidification on giant clams and potentially other solar-powered calcifiers, such as hard corals.
Keyword(s):
Further details:
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.6. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb
Project(s):
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2015-08-17.
Parameter(s):
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
747 data points
Data
1 Fig | 2 Species | 3 Treat | 4 Mortality (proportional) | 5 Mass chn [%] (mass gain) | 6 Mass chn std e [±] (mass gain) | 7 PC1 [Loading] | 8 PC1 std e [±] | 9 Change [%] (length gain) | 10 Change std e [±] (length gain) | 11 Change [%] (height gain) | 12 Change std e [±] (height gain) | 13 Change [%] (ornamentation width gain) | 14 Change std e [±] (ornamentation width gain) | 15 Change [%] (width gain) | 16 Change std e [±] (width gain) | 17 E [µmol/m2/s] | 18 E std e [±] | 19 L mode | 20 L:D [hh:hh] | 21 Temp [°C] | 22 T std e [±] | 23 Sal | 24 Sal std e [±] | 25 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric) | 26 pH std e [±] (NBS scale, Potentiometric) | 27 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration) | 28 AT std e [±] (Potentiometric titration) | 29 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 30 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 31 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 32 Omega Cal std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 33 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 34 Omega Arg std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 35 Vol [l] (tank) | 36 Ind [#] (per tank) | 37 Repl [#] (tanks) | 38 Ind [#] (total) | 39 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 40 pH (total scale, Calculated using...) | 41 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 42 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 43 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 44 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 45 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 46 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 47 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 48 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...) |
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2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Control-CO2, low light | 0.19 | 34.0 | 4.4 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.4 | 0.1 | 34.2 | 0.2 | 8.23 | 0.00 | 2578.6 | 9.4 | 387.4 | 5.7 | 6.97 | 0.08 | 4.64 | 0.05 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 8.08 | 10.45 | 398.34 | 399.56 | 1910.17 | 278.73 | 2199.35 | 4.52 | 6.80 | ||||||||||||
2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Mid-CO2, low light | 0.25 | 32.9 | 3.7 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.5 | 0.1 | 34.0 | 0.2 | 8.02 | 0.01 | 2317.6 | 10.9 | 664.7 | 15.0 | 4.20 | 0.09 | 2.79 | 0.06 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 7.87 | 16.88 | 644.45 | 646.43 | 1901.51 | 170.75 | 2089.15 | 2.78 | 4.17 | ||||||||||||
2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | High-CO2, low light | 0.31 | 38.5 | 4.7 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.5 | 0.0 | 34.7 | 0.1 | 7.93 | 0.01 | 2435.5 | 10.2 | 889.8 | 20.7 | 3.76 | 0.10 | 2.50 | 0.06 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 7.78 | 22.39 | 857.63 | 860.26 | 2064.51 | 153.37 | 2240.27 | 2.48 | 3.73 | ||||||||||||
2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Control-CO2, mid light | 0.00 | 64.6 | 6.2 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.4 | 0.0 | 32.5 | 0.2 | 8.15 | 0.01 | 2045.3 | 13.4 | 409.8 | 9.4 | 4.53 | 0.11 | 3.00 | 0.07 | 40 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 8.00 | 10.63 | 401.74 | 402.98 | 1586.93 | 184.39 | 1781.95 | 3.03 | 4.57 | ||||||||||||
2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Mid-CO2, mid light | 0.25 | 71.1 | 2.7 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.5 | 0.0 | 33.0 | 0.1 | 8.01 | 0.01 | 2103.4 | 7.8 | 615.6 | 11.8 | 3.61 | 0.06 | 2.39 | 0.04 | 40 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 7.86 | 15.94 | 605.56 | 607.42 | 1736.19 | 148.51 | 1900.65 | 2.43 | 3.66 | ||||||||||||
2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | High-CO2, mid light | 0.47 | 59.5 | 7.8 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.5 | 0.0 | 33.1 | 0.1 | 7.84 | 0.01 | 2170.6 | 7.1 | 992.0 | 23.7 | 2.68 | 0.07 | 1.77 | 0.05 | 40 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 7.69 | 25.78 | 979.60 | 982.61 | 1900.14 | 110.18 | 2036.10 | 1.80 | 2.71 | ||||||||||||
2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Control-CO2, high light | 0.00 | 310.3 | 11.5 | Filtered light | 11-12L:12-13D | 28.0 | 0.1 | 34.2 | 0.2 | 8.24 | 0.01 | 2645.0 | 3.0 | 401.0 | 8.0 | 7.05 | 0.08 | 4.68 | 0.05 | 2 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 8.10 | 10.51 | 396.75 | 397.98 | 1955.91 | 288.54 | 2254.95 | 4.67 | 7.03 | ||||||||||||
2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Mid-CO2, high light | 0.00 | 290.0 | 12.2 | Filtered light | 11-12L:12-13D | 27.9 | 0.1 | 33.6 | 0.3 | 8.01 | 0.01 | 2413.4 | 2.7 | 703.7 | 17.5 | 4.21 | 0.08 | 2.79 | 0.06 | 2 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 7.87 | 18.39 | 690.81 | 692.94 | 2001.05 | 170.68 | 2190.12 | 2.77 | 4.18 | ||||||||||||
2 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | High-CO2, high light | 0.00 | 312.2 | 13.3 | Filtered light | 11-12L:12-13D | 27.9 | 0.1 | 34.4 | 0.1 | 7.92 | 0.01 | 2524.1 | 3.9 | 928.3 | 23.3 | 3.76 | 0.08 | 2.50 | 0.06 | 2 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 7.78 | 24.19 | 912.23 | 915.05 | 2157.42 | 152.65 | 2334.26 | 2.47 | 3.71 | ||||||||||||
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Control-CO2, low light | 1.5591 | 1.0047 | -1.5848 | 0.0293 | 0.1219 | 0.2038 | -0.0706 | 0.5142 | -1.1936 | 0.8605 | 1.4635 | 0.8262 | 34.0 | 4.4 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.4 | 0.1 | 34.2 | 0.2 | 8.23 | 0.00 | 2578.6 | 9.4 | 387.4 | 5.7 | 6.97 | 0.08 | 4.64 | 0.05 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 8.08 | 10.45 | 398.34 | 399.56 | 1910.17 | 278.73 | 2199.35 | 4.52 | 6.80 | |
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Mid-CO2, low light | -0.1367 | 1.3266 | -1.5219 | 0.0302 | 0.4403 | 0.2914 | -0.0166 | 0.3149 | -1.2559 | 1.2701 | 3.6553 | 0.8649 | 32.9 | 3.7 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.5 | 0.1 | 34.0 | 0.2 | 8.02 | 0.01 | 2317.6 | 10.9 | 664.7 | 15.0 | 4.20 | 0.09 | 2.79 | 0.06 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 7.87 | 16.88 | 644.45 | 646.43 | 1901.51 | 170.75 | 2089.15 | 2.78 | 4.17 | |
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | High-CO2, low light | 2.1782 | 1.2559 | -1.5593 | 0.0435 | 1.0198 | 0.9473 | 0.4498 | 0.5249 | -2.4361 | 1.0023 | 1.9146 | 0.5583 | 38.5 | 4.7 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.5 | 0.0 | 34.7 | 0.1 | 7.93 | 0.01 | 2435.5 | 10.2 | 889.8 | 20.7 | 3.76 | 0.10 | 2.50 | 0.06 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 7.78 | 22.39 | 857.63 | 860.26 | 2064.51 | 153.37 | 2240.27 | 2.48 | 3.73 | |
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Control-CO2, mid light | 14.8565 | 6.1660 | -1.3135 | 0.1313 | 3.3842 | 1.4616 | 2.7821 | 1.6794 | 2.8198 | 2.9661 | 4.4320 | 1.8430 | 64.6 | 6.2 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.4 | 0.0 | 32.5 | 0.2 | 8.15 | 0.01 | 2045.3 | 13.4 | 409.8 | 9.4 | 4.53 | 0.11 | 3.00 | 0.07 | 40 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 8.00 | 10.63 | 401.74 | 402.98 | 1586.93 | 184.39 | 1781.95 | 3.03 | 4.57 | |
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Mid-CO2, mid light | 1.6554 | 1.1431 | -1.5644 | 0.0342 | -0.1112 | 0.4004 | 0.1546 | 0.3717 | -0.2004 | 1.2431 | 1.6901 | 1.0110 | 71.1 | 2.7 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.5 | 0.0 | 33.0 | 0.1 | 8.01 | 0.01 | 2103.4 | 7.8 | 615.6 | 11.8 | 3.61 | 0.06 | 2.39 | 0.04 | 40 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 7.86 | 15.94 | 605.56 | 607.42 | 1736.19 | 148.51 | 1900.65 | 2.43 | 3.66 | |
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | High-CO2, mid light | -1.9048 | 0.8983 | -1.6505 | 0.0198 | -0.2806 | 0.3502 | -0.9904 | 0.4144 | -2.3174 | 1.1040 | 0.7253 | 0.9702 | 59.5 | 7.8 | Tri-phosphor | T8 13L:11D | 28.5 | 0.0 | 33.1 | 0.1 | 7.84 | 0.01 | 2170.6 | 7.1 | 992.0 | 23.7 | 2.68 | 0.07 | 1.77 | 0.05 | 40 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 26 | 7.69 | 25.78 | 979.60 | 982.61 | 1900.14 | 110.18 | 2036.10 | 1.80 | 2.71 | |
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Control-CO2, high light | 158.7717 | 19.4142 | 1.9365 | 0.3173 | 43.9667 | 4.0918 | 35.3558 | 4.0177 | 59.0885 | 5.7313 | 35.6533 | 3.4006 | 310.3 | 11.5 | Filtered light | 11-12L:12-13D | 28.0 | 0.1 | 34.2 | 0.2 | 8.24 | 0.01 | 2645.0 | 3.0 | 401.0 | 8.0 | 7.05 | 0.08 | 4.68 | 0.05 | 2 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 8.10 | 10.51 | 396.75 | 397.98 | 1955.91 | 288.54 | 2254.95 | 4.67 | 7.03 | |
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | Mid-CO2, high light | 180.8649 | 19.1737 | 2.5985 | 0.3266 | 48.3356 | 4.4521 | 42.4604 | 3.8197 | 74.4122 | 5.6639 | 42.6644 | 2.9770 | 290.0 | 12.2 | Filtered light | 11-12L:12-13D | 27.9 | 0.1 | 33.6 | 0.3 | 8.01 | 0.01 | 2413.4 | 2.7 | 703.7 | 17.5 | 4.21 | 0.08 | 2.79 | 0.06 | 2 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 7.87 | 18.39 | 690.81 | 692.94 | 2001.05 | 170.68 | 2190.12 | 2.77 | 4.18 | |
3 | Tridacna squamosa (mollusk) | High-CO2, high light | 102.0945 | 11.8732 | 1.0623 | 0.2795 | 29.3419 | 3.6504 | 25.3489 | 2.5624 | 44.9194 | 5.7236 | 31.0084 | 2.9659 | 312.2 | 13.3 | Filtered light | 11-12L:12-13D | 27.9 | 0.1 | 34.4 | 0.1 | 7.92 | 0.01 | 2524.1 | 3.9 | 928.3 | 23.3 | 3.76 | 0.08 | 2.50 | 0.06 | 2 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 7.78 | 24.19 | 912.23 | 915.05 | 2157.42 | 152.65 | 2334.26 | 2.47 | 3.71 |