Abbas, Zainab; Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike; Su, Chunli; Aziz, Syed Zahid; Abbas, Naaz (2015): (Supplement) Groundwater quality in Lahore Pakistan: emphasis on Arsenic and Fluoride levels [dataset]. Water and Sanitation Agency Lahore, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.847769, Supplement to: Abbas, Z et al. (2018): Spatial analysis of groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation in Lahore, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(7), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6775-3
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Abstract:
The dataset provides detailed information on the study that was conducted in Lahore's 7 major towns. The sample was taken from 472 tubewells and analyzed for major cations and anions using APHA 2012 techniques as explained herein. Besides, E.coli determination was done to check for microbial contamination. The data includes results from PHREEQC modeling of As(III)/ As(V) species and saturation indices as well as Aquachem's computed hydrochemical water facies. The WHO (2011) and EPA standards included in Aquachem identified the parameters that where in violation. Bicarbonates dominated the groundwater types with 50.21% of the samples exceeding the EPA maximum permissible limit of 250 mg/L in drinking water. Similarly, 30.51% of the samples had TDS values greater than 500 mg/L while 85.38 % of the samples exceed 10 µg/L threshold limit value of arsenic. Also, instances of high magnesium hazard values were observed which requires constant assessment if the groundwater is used for irrigation. Higher than 50% MH values are detrimental to crops which may reduce the expected yields.
The membrane filtration technique using m-Endo Agar indicated that 3.59% samples had TNC (too numerous to count) values for E.coli while 5.06% showed values higher than 0 cfu/ 100 ml acceptable value in drinking water. Any traces of E-coli in a groundwater sample indicate recent fecal contamination. Such outcomes signify presence of enteric pathogens. If the groundwater is not properly dosed with disinfectants it may cause harm to human health. It is concluded that more studies are needed and proper groundwater management implement to safeguard the lives of communities that depend solely on groundwater in the city.
Related to:
Abbas, Zainab; Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike; Su, Chunli; Aziz, Syed Zahid; Abbas, Naaz (2016): Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination in Lahore, Pakistan: Spatial Distribution, Mineralization Control and Sources. ICGES 2016: International Conference on Geology and Earth Systems, Miami, USA, (Mar 24-25, 2016); https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40287/arsenic-and-fluoride-contamination-in-lahore-pakistan-spatial-distribution-mineralization-control-and-sources, 3(3), 436
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 31.545020 * Median Longitude: 74.327024 * South-bound Latitude: 31.408527 * West-bound Longitude: 74.177963 * North-bound Latitude: 31.643345 * East-bound Longitude: 74.439875
Date/Time Start: 2014-01-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-12-11T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: 215.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 215.0 m
Event(s):
Comment:
EPA, Sec MCL levels: TDS = 500 mg/l; SO4, Cl and HCO3 = 250 mg/l; F = 2 mg/l; SAR = 9; MH = 50. WHO, 2011 levels: NO2 = 3 mg/l; NO3 = 50 mg/l; F = 1.5 mg/l; As = 10 µg/l.
All physical and chemical analyses followed - APHA, AWWA, WEF, 2012. Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water, 22nd edn. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Number | No | Abbas, Zainab | |||
| 2 | Station label | Station | Abbas, Zainab | |||
| 3 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Abbas, Zainab | Geocode | ||
| 4 | Sample code/label | Sample label | Abbas, Zainab | |||
| 5 | Area/locality | Area | Abbas, Zainab | |||
| 6 | Geographic name/locality | Locality | Abbas, Zainab | subdivision | ||
| 7 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Abbas, Zainab | Geocode | ||
| 8 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Abbas, Zainab | Geocode | ||
| 9 | Type | Type | Abbas, Zainab | of water | ||
| 10 | pH | pH | Abbas, Zainab | Hand held digital pH meter | field | |
| 11 | Turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit) | Turbidity | NTU | Abbas, Zainab | Portable microprocessor turbidity meter (Hanna Instruments) | |
| 12 | Conductivity, electrical | Cond electr | µS/cm | Abbas, Zainab | Microcomputer based meter (JENCO) | |
| 13 | Total dissolved solids | TDS | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Microcomputer based meter (JENCO) | |
| 14 | Hardness of water | Hardness of water | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | EDTA titration method | |
| 15 | Calcium | Ca2+ | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | EDTA titration method | |
| 16 | Magnesium | Mg2+ | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Calculated | |
| 17 | Sodium | Na+ | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Flame photometry | |
| 18 | Potassium | K+ | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Flame photometry | |
| 19 | Sulfate | [SO4]2- | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Gravimetric analysis | |
| 20 | Chloride | Cl- | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Argentometric method | |
| 21 | Bicarbonate ion | [HCO3]- | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Acid Base titration | |
| 22 | Nitrite | [NO2]- | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Spectrophotometric method (NOVA) | |
| 23 | Nitrate | [NO3]- | mg/l | Abbas, Zainab | Automated hydrazine reduction method | |
| 24 | Fluoride | F- | µg/l | Abbas, Zainab | SPADNS method | |
| 25 | Arsenic | As | µg/l | Abbas, Zainab | ICP-OES, Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry | |
| 26 | Escherichia coli in colony forming units | E. coli | CFU/100 ml | Abbas, Zainab | Membrane filtration technique using m-Endo Agar | |
| 27 | Comment | Comment | Abbas, Zainab | Membrane filtration technique using m-Endo Agar | for E. coli | |
| 28 | Anhydrite | Anh | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling | ||
| 29 | Aragonite | Arg | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling | ||
| 30 | Calcite | Cal | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling | ||
| 31 | Dolomite | Dol | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling | ||
| 32 | Fluorite | Fl | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling | ||
| 33 | Gypsum | Gp | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling | ||
| 34 | Halite | Hl | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling | ||
| 35 | Sodium absorption ratio | SAR | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | AquaChem | ||
| 36 | Magnesium hazard | MH | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | AquaChem | ||
| 37 | Arsenic(III) | As(III) | µmol/l | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling | |
| 38 | Arsenic(V) | As(V) | µmol/l | Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike | PHREEQC modeling |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
15841 data points
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