Citation:

PANGAEA.847764

Name: Adult acclimation to combined temperature and pH stressors significantly enhances reproductive outcomes compared to short-term exposures
Published: 2015-07-06
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Antarctic; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Development; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Polar; Reproduction; Respiration; Single species; Sterechinus neumayeri; Temperature

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Abstract:

This study examined the effects of long-term culture under altered conditions on the Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Sterechinus neumayeri was cultured under the combined environmental stressors of lowered pH (-0.3 and -0.5 pH units) and increased temperature (+2 °C) for 2 years. This time-scale covered two full reproductive cycles in this species and analyses included studies on both adult metabolism and larval development. Adults took at least 6-8 months to acclimate to the altered conditions, but beyond this, there was no detectable effect of temperature or pH. Animals were spawned after 6 and 17 months exposure to altered conditions, with markedly different outcomes. At 6 months, the percentage hatching and larval survival rates were greatest in the animals kept at 0 °C under current pH conditions, whilst those under lowered pH and +2 °C performed significantly less well. After 17 months, performance was not significantly different across treatments, including controls. However, under the altered conditions urchins produced larger eggs compared with control animals. These data show that under long-term culture adult S. neumayeri appear to acclimate their metabolic and reproductive physiology to the combined stressors of altered pH and increased temperature, with relatively little measureable effect. They also emphasize the importance of long-term studies in evaluating effects of altered pH, particularly in slow developing marine species with long gonad maturation times, as the effects of altered conditions cannot be accurately evaluated unless gonads have fully matured under the new conditions.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Antarctic; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Development; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Polar; Reproduction; Respiration; Single species; Sterechinus neumayeri; Temperature

Related to:

Suckling, Coleen C; Clark, Melody S; Richard, Joëlle; Morley, Simon A; Thorne, Michael A; Harper, Elizabeth M; Peck, Loyd S (2015): Adult acclimation to combined temperature and pH stressors significantly enhances reproductive outcomes compared to short-term exposures. Journal of Animal Ecology, 84(3), 773-784, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12316

Original version:

Suckling, Coleen C (2014): Data from long-term study into the effects of temperature and pH stressors on Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Polar Data Centre; British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK., https://doi.org/10.5285/677d189b-0251-4785-bfd0-5a26b81c16e1

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.6. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -67.566670 * Longitude: -68.133330

Event(s):

Back_Bay_Lagoon * Latitude: -67.566670 * Longitude: -68.133330 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2015-07-03.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Clark, Melody S
2	Life stage	Life stage		Clark, Melody S
3	Month	Month		Clark, Melody S
4	Time point, descriptive	Time point		Clark, Melody S
5	Treatment	Treat		Clark, Melody S
6	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/g/h	Clark, Melody S		per ash free dry mass
7	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error	Resp O2 std e	±	Clark, Melody S		per ash free dry mass
8	Diameter	Ø	mm	Clark, Melody S		test
9	Diameter, standard error	Ø std e	±	Clark, Melody S		test
10	Wet mass	Wet m	g	Clark, Melody S		whole animal
11	Mass, standard error	Mass std e	±	Clark, Melody S		whole animal wet mass
12	Dry mass	Dry m	g	Clark, Melody S		whole animal
13	Mass, standard error	Mass std e	±	Clark, Melody S		whole animal dry mass
14	Ash free dry mass	afdm	g	Clark, Melody S		whole animal dry mass
15	Mass, standard error	Mass std e	±	Clark, Melody S		whole animal ash free dry mass
16	Calcium carbonate, mass	CaCO3	g	Clark, Melody S
17	Calcium carbonate, standard error	CaCO3 std e	±	Clark, Melody S
18	Gonadosomatic index	GSI	%	Clark, Melody S		dry
19	Gonadosomatic index, standard error	GSI std e	±	Clark, Melody S		dry
20	Arm length, postoral	PL	mm	Clark, Melody S
21	Arm length, postoral, standard error	PL std e	±	Clark, Melody S
22	Stage	Stage		Clark, Melody S		development
23	Percentage	Perc	%	Clark, Melody S		frequencies of larval development stages
24	Percentage, standard error	Perc std e	±	Clark, Melody S		frequencies of larval development stages
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Clark, Melody S
26	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Clark, Melody S
27	pH	pH		Clark, Melody S	Potentiometric	NBS scale
28	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Clark, Melody S	Potentiometric	NBS scale
29	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Clark, Melody S	Calculated using CO2SYS
30	Calcite saturation state, standard error	Omega Cal std e	±	Clark, Melody S	Calculated using CO2SYS
31	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Clark, Melody S	Calculated using CO2SYS
32	Aragonite saturation state, standard error	Omega Arg std e	±	Clark, Melody S	Calculated using CO2SYS
33	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Clark, Melody S
34	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Clark, Melody S
35	Salinity	Sal		Clark, Melody S
36	Salinity, standard error	Sal std e	±	Clark, Melody S
37	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/l	Clark, Melody S	Calculated using CO2SYS
38	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Clark, Melody S	Calculated using CO2SYS
39	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
41	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
46	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

2635 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Life stage	3 Month	4 Time point	5 Treat	6 Resp O2 [µmol/g/h] (per ash free dry mass)	7 Resp O2 std e [±] (per ash free dry mass)	8 Ø [mm] (test)	9 Ø std e [±] (test)	10 Wet m [g] (whole animal)	11 Mass std e [±] (whole animal wet mass)	12 Dry m [g] (whole animal)	13 Mass std e [±] (whole animal dry mass)	14 afdm [g] (whole animal dry mass)	15 Mass std e [±] (whole animal ash free dry mass)	16 CaCO3 [g]	17 CaCO3 std e [±]	18 GSI [%] (dry)	19 GSI std e [±] (dry)	20 PL [mm]	21 PL std e [±]	22 Stage (development)	23 Perc [%] (frequencies of larval develop...)	24 Perc std e [±] (frequencies of larval develop...)	25 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	26 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±]	27 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	28 pH std e [±] (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	29 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS)	30 Omega Cal std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	31 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	32 Omega Arg std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	33 Temp [°C]	34 T std e [±]	35 Sal	36 Sal std e [±]	37 AT [µmol/l] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	38 AT std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	39 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	41 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	42 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	43 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	44 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	45 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	46 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	47 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	48 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	0 mo	High temperature control	3.5270	0.3980	26.88	1.32	10.06	1.49	2.52	0.37	0.87	0.17	1.59	0.19	19.41	2.53						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	0.5 mo	High temperature control	4.5420	0.6390	26.50	1.40	11.04	1.44	2.54	0.34	0.83	0.15	1.67	0.19	15.62	2.47						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	July	1 mo	High temperature control	2.6350	0.2110	24.54	1.78	10.38	1.78	2.52	0.43	0.93	0.18	1.54	0.25	19.17	1.81						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	October	4 mo	High temperature control	2.7730	0.2440	24.08	1.27	9.32	1.30	2.23	0.31	0.65	0.12	1.55	0.19	14.36	1.59						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	February	8 mo	High temperature control	3.4050	0.3760	24.43	1.61	10.39	1.67	2.46	0.39	0.71	0.15	1.69	0.24	14.99	2.15						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	12 mo	High temperature control	1.7967	0.0927	25.56	1.02	11.67	0.79	2.84	0.14	0.78	0.06	2.01	0.08	15.23	1.39						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	October	16 mo	High temperature control	2.2870	0.2360	24.44	1.16	9.69	1.66	2.26	0.39	0.60	0.16	1.63	0.23	11.81	2.07						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	February	20 mo	High temperature control	1.9640	0.1510	27.10	1.66	10.46	1.93	2.50	0.47	0.65	0.17	1.81	0.28	10.56	1.94						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	24 mo	High temperature control	2.5500	0.2000	27.42	0.72	12.07	0.93	2.88	0.23	0.75	0.08	2.08	0.16	13.83	1.80						437.00	8.00	7.99	0.01	1.50	0.03	0.94	0.02	1.80	0.10	35.00	1.00	1871	2	29	7.90	25.63	436.92	1654.88	58.09	1738.60	1810.41	0.87	1.39
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	Initial	-0.3 pH	6.3390	0.8660	25.14	1.55	10.09	1.67	2.27	0.40	0.87	0.40	1.36	0.28	22.26	2.57						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	0.5 mo	-0.3 pH	5.6100	0.8180	23.70	1.26	8.20	1.33	2.02	0.35	0.69	0.14	1.29	0.21	19.58	1.43						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	July	1 mo	-0.3 pH	3.7220	0.5490	26.89	1.57	12.17	1.86	2.92	0.45	1.03	0.20	1.84	0.25	17.77	2.98						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	October	4 mo	-0.3 pH	2.4120	0.2290	25.60	1.66	11.11	1.89	2.49	0.44	0.80	0.19	1.65	0.27	17.15	3.29						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	February	8 mo	-0.3 pH	3.4250	0.3110	26.70	1.21	12.36	1.43	2.84	0.33	0.85	0.14	1.91	0.18	16.66	2.70						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	12 mo	-0.3 pH	1.9350	0.1140	23.98	1.38	9.59	1.60	2.25	0.38	0.58	0.12	1.63	0.25	12.36	1.51						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	October	16 mo	-0.3 pH	2.4440	0.1360	28.56	1.79	11.72	2.37	2.66	0.52	0.65	0.14	1.96	0.37	11.49	0.86						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	February	20 mo	-0.3 pH	2.2922	0.0656	28.48	1.53	13.60	2.04	3.12	0.44	0.80	0.15	2.24	0.27	11.67	2.31						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	24 mo	-0.3 pH	2.4190	0.3330	27.14	0.62	11.18	0.75	2.63	0.18	0.67	0.06	1.92	0.13	11.07	1.99						928.00	39.00	7.70	0.01	0.75	0.03	0.47	0.02	2.10	0.10	35.00	1.00	1838	11	29	7.61	53.73	926.27	1795.41	32.73	1881.87	1882.19	0.49	0.78
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	Initial	-0.5 pH	6.9140	0.8730	25.13	1.49	9.81	1.78	2.08	0.49	0.75	0.19	1.29	0.32	20.55	2.82						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	0.5 mo	-0.5 pH	6.6200	1.1500	25.94	0.86	10.72	1.16	2.55	0.31	0.84	0.14	1.66	0.17	18.37	2.57						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	July	1mo	-0.5 pH	3.9340	0.2460	24.81	0.90	9.31	0.85	2.21	0.21	0.71	0.08	1.46	0.14	16.28	2.15						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	October	4 mo	-0.5 pH	2.8150	0.4240	26.45	0.98	11.59	0.94	2.70	0.22	0.83	0.09	1.81	0.12	17.66	1.88						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	February	8 mo	-0.5 pH	4.0640	0.7520	27.72	1.54	8.87	1.03	2.06	0.27	0.58	0.13	1.44	0.14	13.77	3.04						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	12 mo	-0.5 pH	1.9261	0.0904	25.30	1.03	11.77	1.12	2.77	0.29	0.75	0.12	1.97	0.17	14.57	1.96						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	October	16 mo	-0.5 pH	2.7250	0.4330	29.19	1.31	11.64	1.42	2.76	0.37	0.76	0.13	1.95	0.24	13.76	1.51						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	February	20 mo	-0.5 pH	2.7650	0.2720	28.21	1.21	12.21	1.52	2.86	0.37	0.84	0.09	1.95	0.27	17.92	0.55						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Adults	June	24 mo	-0.5 pH	2.5810	0.2860	27.51	0.61	11.55	0.77	2.73	0.19	0.74	0.06	1.94	0.13	13.50	1.49						1405.00	33.00	7.53	0.01	0.54	0.02	0.34	0.01	2.40	0.10	35.00	1.00	1877	11	29	7.44	80.35	1401.02	1830.77	22.83	1933.96	1891.20	0.34	0.55
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	Low temperature control															0.04225	0.00849				439.76	8.93	7.98	0.01	1.42	0.03	0.96	0.02	-0.92	0.07	36.00	0.01	2012	23	29	7.90	28.54	440.42	1698.04	54.14	1780.71	1843.73	0.81	1.29
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	High temperature control																				443.92	7.39	7.98	0.01	1.44	0.03	0.96	0.02	-1.06	0.06	36.00	0.01	2032	23	29	7.90	28.97	444.63	1717.25	54.46	1800.68	1863.45	0.82	1.30
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.3 pH															0.04408	0.01565				956.00	3.41	7.71	0.01	0.79	0.02	0.49	0.01	-1.02	0.09	36.00	0.01	2051	20	29	7.63	62.14	955.30	1985.02	33.94	2081.10	2073.79	0.51	0.81
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.5 pH																				1569.00	0.01	7.53	0.01	0.52	0.01	0.33	0.01	-0.94	0.05	36.00	0.01	1995	35	29	7.45	101.51	1565.34	2150.24	24.40	2276.15	2213.11	0.37	0.58
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	Low temperature control															0.04124					439.31	8.65	8.02	0.01	1.49	0.03	0.94	0.02	-0.94	0.03	33.30	0.10	2078	16	29	7.93	29.00	439.96	1822.22	58.93	1910.14	1976.15	0.89	1.43
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	High temperature control																0.02586				439.35	5.84	8.03	0.01	1.46	0.03	0.92	0.02	-0.84	0.04	33.28	0.10	2009	17	29	7.94	28.89	440.02	1862.13	61.81	1952.83	2022.66	0.94	1.50
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.3 pH															0.06123	0.02441				1017.00	3.65	7.75	0.01	0.85	0.03	0.53	0.02	-0.81	0.03	33.29	0.10	2072	20	29	7.66	66.64	1016.19	2261.47	39.54	2367.65	2360.86	0.60	0.96
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.5 pH															0.04895	0.01850				1568.00	0.06	7.58	0.01	0.58	0.01	0.36	0.01	-1.02	0.04	33.29	0.10	2085	17	29	7.49	103.46	1564.60	2363.78	27.77	2495.00	2433.18	0.42	0.67
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	Low temperature control																	Blastula	0.00	0.00	439.76	8.93	7.98	0.01	1.42	0.03	0.96	0.02	-0.92	0.07	36.00	0.01	2012	23	29	7.90	28.54	440.42	1698.04	54.14	1780.71	1843.73	0.81	1.29
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	High temperature control																	Blastula	0.00	0.00	443.92	7.39	7.98	0.01	1.44	0.03	0.96	0.02	-1.06	0.06	36.00	0.01	2032	23	29	7.90	28.97	444.63	1717.25	54.46	1800.68	1863.45	0.82	1.30
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.3 pH																	Blastula	4.44	2.22	956.00	3.41	7.71	0.01	0.79	0.02	0.49	0.01	-1.02	0.09	36.00	0.01	2051	20	29	7.63	62.14	955.30	1985.02	33.94	2081.10	2073.79	0.51	0.81
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.5 pH																	Blastula	0.00	0.00	1569.00	0.01	7.53	0.01	0.52	0.01	0.33	0.01	-0.94	0.05	36.00	0.01	1995	35	29	7.45	101.51	1565.34	2150.24	24.40	2276.15	2213.11	0.37	0.58
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	Low temperature control																	Blastula	0.00	0.00	439.31	8.65	8.02	0.01	1.49	0.03	0.94	0.02	-0.94	0.03	33.30	0.10	2078	16	29	7.93	29.00	439.96	1822.22	58.93	1910.14	1976.15	0.89	1.43
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	High temperature control																	Blastula	0.00	0.00	439.35	5.84	8.03	0.01	1.46	0.03	0.92	0.02	-0.84	0.04	33.28	0.10	2009	17	29	7.94	28.89	440.02	1862.13	61.81	1952.83	2022.66	0.94	1.50
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.3 pH																	Blastula	0.00	0.00	1017.00	3.65	7.75	0.01	0.85	0.03	0.53	0.02	-0.81	0.03	33.29	0.10	2072	20	29	7.66	66.64	1016.19	2261.47	39.54	2367.65	2360.86	0.60	0.96
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.5 pH																	Blastula	0.00	0.00	1568.00	0.06	7.58	0.01	0.58	0.01	0.36	0.01	-1.02	0.04	33.29	0.10	2085	17	29	7.49	103.46	1564.60	2363.78	27.77	2495.00	2433.18	0.42	0.67
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	Low temperature control																	Gastrula	32.22	8.01	439.76	8.93	7.98	0.01	1.42	0.03	0.96	0.02	-0.92	0.07	36.00	0.01	2012	23	29	7.90	28.54	440.42	1698.04	54.14	1780.71	1843.73	0.81	1.29
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	High temperature control																	Gastrula	10.00	1.92	443.92	7.39	7.98	0.01	1.44	0.03	0.96	0.02	-1.06	0.06	36.00	0.01	2032	23	29	7.90	28.97	444.63	1717.25	54.46	1800.68	1863.45	0.82	1.30
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.3 pH																	Gastrula	43.30	12.00	956.00	3.41	7.71	0.01	0.79	0.02	0.49	0.01	-1.02	0.09	36.00	0.01	2051	20	29	7.63	62.14	955.30	1985.02	33.94	2081.10	2073.79	0.51	0.81
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.5 pH																	Gastrula	63.33	6.94	1569.00	0.01	7.53	0.01	0.52	0.01	0.33	0.01	-0.94	0.05	36.00	0.01	1995	35	29	7.45	101.51	1565.34	2150.24	24.40	2276.15	2213.11	0.37	0.58
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	Low temperature control																	Gastrula	63.33	5.09	439.31	8.65	8.02	0.01	1.49	0.03	0.94	0.02	-0.94	0.03	33.30	0.10	2078	16	29	7.93	29.00	439.96	1822.22	58.93	1910.14	1976.15	0.89	1.43
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	High temperature control																	Gastrula	21.11	2.94	439.35	5.84	8.03	0.01	1.46	0.03	0.92	0.02	-0.84	0.04	33.28	0.10	2009	17	29	7.94	28.89	440.02	1862.13	61.81	1952.83	2022.66	0.94	1.50
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.3 pH																	Gastrula	32.22	8.68	1017.00	3.65	7.75	0.01	0.85	0.03	0.53	0.02	-0.81	0.03	33.29	0.10	2072	20	29	7.66	66.64	1016.19	2261.47	39.54	2367.65	2360.86	0.60	0.96
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.5 pH																	Gastrula	51.11	2.94	1568.00	0.06	7.58	0.01	0.58	0.01	0.36	0.01	-1.02	0.04	33.29	0.10	2085	17	29	7.49	103.46	1564.60	2363.78	27.77	2495.00	2433.18	0.42	0.67
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	Low temperature control																	Prismatic stage	61.11	2.94	439.76	8.93	7.98	0.01	1.42	0.03	0.96	0.02	-0.92	0.07	36.00	0.01	2012	23	29	7.90	28.54	440.42	1698.04	54.14	1780.71	1843.73	0.81	1.29
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	High temperature control																	Prismatic stage	90.00	1.92	443.92	7.39	7.98	0.01	1.44	0.03	0.96	0.02	-1.06	0.06	36.00	0.01	2032	23	29	7.90	28.97	444.63	1717.25	54.46	1800.68	1863.45	0.82	1.30
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.3 pH																	Prismatic stage	37.78	4.01	956.00	3.41	7.71	0.01	0.79	0.02	0.49	0.01	-1.02	0.09	36.00	0.01	2051	20	29	7.63	62.14	955.30	1985.02	33.94	2081.10	2073.79	0.51	0.81
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.5 pH																	Prismatic stage	36.67	6.94	1569.00	0.01	7.53	0.01	0.52	0.01	0.33	0.01	-0.94	0.05	36.00	0.01	1995	35	29	7.45	101.51	1565.34	2150.24	24.40	2276.15	2213.11	0.37	0.58
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	Low temperature control																	Prismatic stage	35.56	4.84	439.31	8.65	8.02	0.01	1.49	0.03	0.94	0.02	-0.94	0.03	33.30	0.10	2078	16	29	7.93	29.00	439.96	1822.22	58.93	1910.14	1976.15	0.89	1.43
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	High temperature control																	Prismatic stage	44.44	8.68	439.35	5.84	8.03	0.01	1.46	0.03	0.92	0.02	-0.84	0.04	33.28	0.10	2009	17	29	7.94	28.89	440.02	1862.13	61.81	1952.83	2022.66	0.94	1.50
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.3 pH																	Prismatic stage	41.11	8.89	1017.00	3.65	7.75	0.01	0.85	0.03	0.53	0.02	-0.81	0.03	33.29	0.10	2072	20	29	7.66	66.64	1016.19	2261.47	39.54	2367.65	2360.86	0.60	0.96
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.5 pH																	Prismatic stage	40.00	5.09	1568.00	0.06	7.58	0.01	0.58	0.01	0.36	0.01	-1.02	0.04	33.29	0.10	2085	17	29	7.49	103.46	1564.60	2363.78	27.77	2495.00	2433.18	0.42	0.67
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	Low temperature control																	Pluteus	6.67	5.09	439.76	8.93	7.98	0.01	1.42	0.03	0.96	0.02	-0.92	0.07	36.00	0.01	2012	23	29	7.90	28.54	440.42	1698.04	54.14	1780.71	1843.73	0.81	1.29
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	High temperature control																	Pluteus	0.00	0.00	443.92	7.39	7.98	0.01	1.44	0.03	0.96	0.02	-1.06	0.06	36.00	0.01	2032	23	29	7.90	28.97	444.63	1717.25	54.46	1800.68	1863.45	0.82	1.30
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.3 pH																	Pluteus	13.30	13.30	956.00	3.41	7.71	0.01	0.79	0.02	0.49	0.01	-1.02	0.09	36.00	0.01	2051	20	29	7.63	62.14	955.30	1985.02	33.94	2081.10	2073.79	0.51	0.81
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.5 pH																	Pluteus	0.00	0.00	1569.00	0.01	7.53	0.01	0.52	0.01	0.33	0.01	-0.94	0.05	36.00	0.01	1995	35	29	7.45	101.51	1565.34	2150.24	24.40	2276.15	2213.11	0.37	0.58
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	Low temperature control																	Pluteus	1.11	1.11	439.31	8.65	8.02	0.01	1.49	0.03	0.94	0.02	-0.94	0.03	33.30	0.10	2078	16	29	7.93	29.00	439.96	1822.22	58.93	1910.14	1976.15	0.89	1.43
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	High temperature control																	Pluteus	34.40	11.60	439.35	5.84	8.03	0.01	1.46	0.03	0.92	0.02	-0.84	0.04	33.28	0.10	2009	17	29	7.94	28.89	440.02	1862.13	61.81	1952.83	2022.66	0.94	1.50
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.3 pH																	Pluteus	26.67	5.09	1017.00	3.65	7.75	0.01	0.85	0.03	0.53	0.02	-0.81	0.03	33.29	0.10	2072	20	29	7.66	66.64	1016.19	2261.47	39.54	2367.65	2360.86	0.60	0.96
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.5 pH																	Pluteus	8.89	7.29	1568.00	0.06	7.58	0.01	0.58	0.01	0.36	0.01	-1.02	0.04	33.29	0.10	2085	17	29	7.49	103.46	1564.60	2363.78	27.77	2495.00	2433.18	0.42	0.67
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	Low temperature control																	Abnormally stage	3.33	0.00	439.76	8.93	7.98	0.01	1.42	0.03	0.96	0.02	-0.92	0.07	36.00	0.01	2012	23	29	7.90	28.54	440.42	1698.04	54.14	1780.71	1843.73	0.81	1.29
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	High temperature control																	Abnormally stage	2.22	1.11	443.92	7.39	7.98	0.01	1.44	0.03	0.96	0.02	-1.06	0.06	36.00	0.01	2032	23	29	7.90	28.97	444.63	1717.25	54.46	1800.68	1863.45	0.82	1.30
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.3 pH																	Abnormally stage	6.67	5.09	956.00	3.41	7.71	0.01	0.79	0.02	0.49	0.01	-1.02	0.09	36.00	0.01	2051	20	29	7.63	62.14	955.30	1985.02	33.94	2081.10	2073.79	0.51	0.81
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		6 mo	-0.5 pH																	Abnormally stage	8.89	4.01	1569.00	0.01	7.53	0.01	0.52	0.01	0.33	0.01	-0.94	0.05	36.00	0.01	1995	35	29	7.45	101.51	1565.34	2150.24	24.40	2276.15	2213.11	0.37	0.58
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	Low temperature control																	Abnormally stage	4.44	2.22	439.31	8.65	8.02	0.01	1.49	0.03	0.94	0.02	-0.94	0.03	33.30	0.10	2078	16	29	7.93	29.00	439.96	1822.22	58.93	1910.14	1976.15	0.89	1.43
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	High temperature control																	Abnormally stage	7.78	2.94	439.35	5.84	8.03	0.01	1.46	0.03	0.92	0.02	-0.84	0.04	33.28	0.10	2009	17	29	7.94	28.89	440.02	1862.13	61.81	1952.83	2022.66	0.94	1.50
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.3 pH																	Abnormally stage	14.44	2.94	1017.00	3.65	7.75	0.01	0.85	0.03	0.53	0.02	-0.81	0.03	33.29	0.10	2072	20	29	7.66	66.64	1016.19	2261.47	39.54	2367.65	2360.86	0.60	0.96
Sterechinus neumayeri (echinoderm)	Offspring		17 mo	-0.5 pH																	Abnormally stage	25.56	4.01	1568.00	0.06	7.58	0.01	0.58	0.01	0.36	0.01	-1.02	0.04	33.29	0.10	2085	17	29	7.49	103.46	1564.60	2363.78	27.77	2495.00	2433.18	0.42	0.67