Citation:

2014GL062501

Name: Galápagos coral reef persistence after ENSO warming across an acidification gradient
Published: 2014
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Rocky-shore community; South Pacific; Temperature; Tropical

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Abstract:

Anthropogenic CO2 is causing warming and ocean acidification. Coral reefs are being severely impacted, yet confusion lingers regarding how reefs will respond to these stressors over this century. Since the 1982-1983 El Niño-Southern Oscillation warming event, the persistence of reefs around the Galápagos Islands has differed across an acidification gradient. Reefs disappeared where pH<8.0 and aragonite saturation state (Omega arag)<=3 and have not recovered, whereas one reef has persisted where pH>8.0 and Omega arag>3. Where upwelling is greatest, calcification by massive Porites is higher than predicted by a published relationship with temperature despite high CO2, possibly due to elevated nutrients. However, skeletal P/Ca, a proxy for phosphate exposure, negatively correlates with density (R=-0.822, p<0.0001). We propose that elevated nutrients have the potential to exacerbate acidification by depressing coral skeletal densities and further increasing bioerosion already accelerated by low pH.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Rocky-shore community; South Pacific; Temperature; Tropical

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.6. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2015-07-03.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Table	Tab		Manzello, Derek P
2	Site	Site		Manzello, Derek P
3	Replicates	Repl	#	Manzello, Derek P
4	Date/time start	Date/time start		Manzello, Derek P
5	Date/time end	Date/time end		Manzello, Derek P
6	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Manzello, Derek P		Geocode
7	Depth, water, standard error	Depth water std e	±	Manzello, Derek P
8	Extension rate	Extension	mm/a	Manzello, Derek P
9	Extension rate, standard error	Extension std e	±	Manzello, Derek P
10	Density	Density	g/cm³	Manzello, Derek P
11	Density, standard error	Density std e	±	Manzello, Derek P
12	Calcification rate	Calc rate	g/cm²/a	Manzello, Derek P
13	Calcification rate, standard error	Calc rate std e	±	Manzello, Derek P
14	Extension rate	Extension	mm/a	Manzello, Derek P		colony means, minimum
15	Extension rate	Extension	mm/a	Manzello, Derek P		colony means, maximum
16	Extension rate	Extension	mm/a	Manzello, Derek P		annual bands, minimum
17	Extension rate	Extension	mm/a	Manzello, Derek P		annual bands, maximum
18	Density	Density	g/cm³	Manzello, Derek P		colony means, minimum
19	Density	Density	g/cm³	Manzello, Derek P		colony means, maximum
20	Density	Density	g/cm³	Manzello, Derek P		annual bands, minimum
21	Density	Density	g/cm³	Manzello, Derek P		annual bands, maximum
22	Calcification rate	Calc rate	g/cm²/a	Manzello, Derek P		colony means, minimum
23	Calcification rate	Calc rate	g/cm²/a	Manzello, Derek P		colony means, maximum
24	Calcification rate	Calc rate	g/cm²/a	Manzello, Derek P		annual bands, minimum
25	Calcification rate	Calc rate	g/cm²/a	Manzello, Derek P		annual bands, maximum
26	Phosphorus/Calcium ratio	P/Ca	mmol/mol	Manzello, Derek P		mean
27	Phosphorus/Calcium ratio, standard error	P/Ca std e	±	Manzello, Derek P
28	Phosphorus/Calcium ratio	P/Ca	mmol/mol	Manzello, Derek P		minimum
29	Phosphorus/Calcium ratio	P/Ca	mmol/mol	Manzello, Derek P		maximum
30	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Manzello, Derek P
31	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Manzello, Derek P
32	Salinity	Sal		Manzello, Derek P
33	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Manzello, Derek P	Potentiometric titration
34	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Manzello, Derek P	Coulometric titration
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Manzello, Derek P	Calculated using CO2SYS
36	pH	pH		Manzello, Derek P	Calculated using CO2SYS	total scale
37	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
39	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

260 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Tab	2 Site	3 Repl [#]	4 Date/time start	5 Date/time end	6 Depth water [m]	7 Depth water std e [±]	8 Extension [mm/a]	9 Extension std e [±]	10 Density [g/cm³]	11 Density std e [±]	12 Calc rate [g/cm²/a]	13 Calc rate std e [±]	14 Extension [mm/a] (colony means, minimum)	15 Extension [mm/a] (colony means, maximum)	16 Extension [mm/a] (annual bands, minimum)	17 Extension [mm/a] (annual bands, maximum)	18 Density [g/cm³] (colony means, minimum)	19 Density [g/cm³] (colony means, maximum)	20 Density [g/cm³] (annual bands, minimum)	21 Density [g/cm³] (annual bands, maximum)	22 Calc rate [g/cm²/a] (colony means, minimum)	23 Calc rate [g/cm²/a] (colony means, maximum)	24 Calc rate [g/cm²/a] (annual bands, minimum)	25 Calc rate [g/cm²/a] (annual bands, maximum)	26 P/Ca [mmol/mol] (mean)	27 P/Ca std e [±]	28 P/Ca [mmol/mol] (minimum)	29 P/Ca [mmol/mol] (maximum)	30 Temp [°C]	31 Temp [°C]	32 Sal	33 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	34 DIC [µmol/kg] (Coulometric titration)	35 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	36 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	37 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	39 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	42 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	43 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	44 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	45 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
S3	Darwin	7	2001	2011	12.6	0.37	7.3	0.30	1.30	0.033	0.95	0.041	6.1	8.3	0.22	1.34	1.18	1.43	1.13	1.48	0.79	1.15	0.31	1.81					28.15	26.25	32.44	2158.12	1876.77	405.93	8.02	15	8.02	10.78	404.85	406.09	1665.88	200.11	3.28	4.95
S3	Marchena	7	2001	2011	8.4	0.27	5.0	0.46	1.59	0.040	0.79	0.069	3.9	7.0	0.18	1.55	1.46	1.73	1.31	1.87	0.61	0.09	0.26	2.46					25.57	25.91	34.23	2266.96	2005.34	467.65	7.98	15	7.98	13.09	465.78	467.26	1803.53	188.72	3.02	4.58
S3	Devil's Crown	7	2002	2010	1.9	0.14	7.0	0.33	0.97	0.025	0.68	0.034	5.7	8.6	0.22	1.36	0.90	1.12	0.84	1.18	0.55	0.80	0.23	1.48					24.97	26.39	34.82	2298.68	2054.33	520.93	7.95	15	7.95	14.76	518.81	520.47	1861.45	178.12	2.83	4.29
S3	Urvina Bay	8	1997	2011	2.6	0.10	4.6	0.41	1.08	0.013	0.49	0.045	3.7	7.4	0.11	1.27	1.02	1.12	0.93	1.25	0.42	0.81	0.11	1.34					23.13	26.61	34.81	2288.15	2080.92	586.96	7.90	15	7.90	17.41	584.27	586.18	1909.62	153.89	2.42	3.69
S5	Darwin	7							1.32	0.034															0.0786	0.01037	0.0535	0.1320	28.15	26.25	32.44	2158.12	1876.77	405.93	8.02	15	8.02	10.78	404.85	406.09	1665.88	200.11	3.28	4.95
S5	Marchena	7							1.58	0.042															0.0716	0.01343	0.0375	0.1377	25.57	25.91	34.23	2266.96	2005.34	467.65	7.98	15	7.98	13.09	465.78	467.26	1803.53	188.72	3.02	4.58
S5	Devil's Crown	7							0.99	0.030															0.1889	0.01347	0.1375	0.2135	24.97	26.39	34.82	2298.68	2054.33	520.93	7.95	15	7.95	14.76	518.81	520.47	1861.45	178.12	2.83	4.29
S5	Urvina Bay	7							1.10	0.016															0.1380	0.01524	0.0911	0.2257	23.13	26.61	34.81	2288.15	2080.92	586.96	7.90	15	7.90	17.41	584.27	586.18	1909.62	153.89	2.42	3.69