Citation:

accountsrendered00buchuoft

Name: Geochemistry of some manganese nodules
Creator: John Young Buchanan
Published: 1878
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Abstract:

The manganese nodules occur in greater or less quantity all over the ocean-bed, and most abundantly in the Pacific. They occur in all sizes, from minute grains to masses of a pound weight, and even greater, and form nodular concretions of concentric shells, round a nucleus, which is very frequently a piece of pumice or a shark's tooth. Their outside has a peculiar and very characteristic mammillated surface, which enables them to be identified at a glance. When freshly brought up they are very soft, being easily scraped to powder with a knife. They gradually get harder on exposure to the air.

The powder, heated in a closed tube, gives out water which re-acts alkaline, and has an empyreumatic odour. Heated with strong hydrochloric acid, it liberates abundance of chlorine, and the residue which remains is white, consisting of silica, clay, and sand, the sand being the same as is found in the bottom mud from the same locality. Their composition varies greatly, different nodules containing different quantities of mechanically admixed mud, and the number of different elements found in them is very large. Copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, alumina, lime, magnesia, silica, and phosphoric acid have been detected in a large number; but I have not as yet been able to make a complete analysis of any of them. I have, however, made a few determinations of the most important component substances. For this purpose the outside and densest layers of the nodules were selected, and portions of them were pulverised and dried for ten or twelve hours at 140° C. The amount of chlorine liberated on treatment with hydrochloric acid was determined by Bunsen's method, and the iron was determined by titration with stannous chloride. The samples analysed were from four different localities.

Source:

Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT

Further details:

Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN

Project(s):

NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database (NOAA-MMS)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -10.162500 * Median Longitude: -171.475000 * South-bound Latitude: -42.700000 * West-bound Longitude: 134.166667 * North-bound Latitude: 37.866667 * East-bound Longitude: -149.500000

Date/Time Start: 1874-03-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1875-10-06T00:00:00

Minimum Elevation: -4499.0 m * Maximum Elevation: -3859.0 m

Event(s):

CHA-160 * Latitude: -42.700000 * Longitude: 134.166667 * Date/Time: 1874-03-13T00:00:00 * Elevation: -4269.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: H.M.S. Challenger (1872) * Method/Device: Grab (GRAB)

CHA-252 * Latitude: 37.866667 * Longitude: -160.283333 * Date/Time: 1875-07-12T00:00:00 * Elevation: -4499.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: H.M.S. Challenger (1872) * Method/Device: Grab (GRAB)

CHA-276 * Latitude: -13.466667 * Longitude: -149.500000 * Date/Time: 1875-09-16T00:00:00 * Elevation: -3859.0 m * Campaign: * Basis: H.M.S. Challenger (1872) * Method/Device: Grab (GRAB)

Comment:

The oceanic nodules analysed come from the Challenger expedition (1872-1876). It is historically the first set of geochemistry measurements ever published in the literature about manganese nodules from the deep sea.

From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator
1	Event label	Event		Buchanan, John Young
2	Sample ID	Sample ID		Buchanan, John Young
3	Insoluble residue	Insol res	%	Buchanan, John Young
4	Oxygen, gas	O2	%	Buchanan, John Young
5	Manganese dioxide	MnO2	%	Buchanan, John Young
6	Iron oxide, Fe2O3	Fe2O3	%	Buchanan, John Young
7	Aluminium oxide	Al2O3	%	Buchanan, John Young
8	Water in rock	H2O	%	Buchanan, John Young
9	Comment	Comment		Buchanan, John Young

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

39 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Sample ID	3 Insol res [%]	4 O2 [%]	5 MnO2 [%]	6 Fe2O3 [%]	7 Al2O3 [%]	8 H2O [%]	9 Comment
CHA-276	2	17.55	6.13	33.30				Manganese encrustation around a shark tooth
CHA-276	4	15.30	5.92	32.23	23.86			Outer ring of manganese nodule
CHA-276	5	15.30	6.49	35.28	24.85		10.20	Outer ring of manganese nodule
CHA-252	6	36.24	6.49	24.41	20.16	3.83	7.70
CHA-160	7	17.98	7.54	41.11	18.04	2.55	7.31
CHA-281	8	21.74	5.19	28.20	24.52	7.67	8.54