Citation:

lno.10012

Name: The effects of elevated CO2 on the growth and toxicity of field populations and cultures of the saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense
Published: 2015-05-27
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Alexandrium fundyense; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species

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Abstract:

The effects of coastal acidification on the growth and toxicity of the saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense were examined in culture and ecosystem studies. In culture experiments, Alexandrium strains isolated from Northport Bay, New York, and the Bay of Fundy, Canada, grew significantly faster (16-190%; p < 0.05) when exposed to elevated levels of PCO2 ( 90-190 Pa=900-1900 µatm) compared to lower levels ( 40 Pa=400 µatm). Exposure to higher levels of PCO2 also resulted in significant increases (71-81%) in total cellular toxicity (fg saxitoxin equivalents/cell) in the Northport Bay strain, while no changes in toxicity were detected in the Bay of Fundy strain. The positive relationship between PCO2 enrichment and elevated growth was reproducible in natural populations from New York waters. Alexandrium densities were significantly and consistently enhanced when natural populations were incubated at 150 Pa PCO2 compared to 39 Pa. During natural Alexandrium blooms in Northport Bay, PCO2 concentrations increased over the course of a bloom to more than 170 Pa and were highest in regions with the greatest Alexandrium abundances, suggesting Alexandrium may further exacerbate acidification and/or be especially adapted to these acidi-fied conditions. The co-occurrence of Alexandrium blooms and elevated PCO2 represents a previously unrecognized, compounding environmental threat to coastal ecosystems. The ability of elevated PCO2 to enhance the growth and toxicity of Alexandrium indicates that acidification promoted by eutrophication or climate change can intensify these, and perhaps other, harmful algal blooms.

Keyword(s):

Alexandrium fundyense; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.6. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 40.891600 * Longitude: -73.357200

Date/Time Start: 2011-05-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-05-27T00:00:00

Event(s):

Northport_Harbor * Latitude: 40.891600 * Longitude: -73.357200 * Date/Time Start: 2011-05-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-05-27T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2015-05-21.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Gobler, Christopher J
2	Species	Species		Gobler, Christopher J
3	Strain	Strain		Gobler, Christopher J
4	Experiment	Exp		Gobler, Christopher J
5	Treatment	Treat		Gobler, Christopher J
6	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Gobler, Christopher J
7	Toxicity, cellular	Cell toxicity	pg/#	Gobler, Christopher J		STX eq. per
8	pH	pH		Gobler, Christopher J	Potentiometric	NBS scale, mean of initial and final measurements
9	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Potentiometric	NBS scale
10	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	Pa	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS	mean of initial and final measurements
11	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/l	Gobler, Christopher J	Coulometric titration	mean of initial and final measurements
13	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Coulometric titration
14	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS	mean of initial and final measurements
15	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Incubation duration	Inc dur	days	Gobler, Christopher J
17	Date	Date		Gobler, Christopher J
18	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/l	Gobler, Christopher J	Coulometric titration
19	pH	pH		Gobler, Christopher J	Potentiometric	NBS scale
20	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	ppmv	Gobler, Christopher J	Infrared spectrometric
21	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
22	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
23	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
24	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	Salinity	Sal		Gobler, Christopher J
26	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Gobler, Christopher J
27	Silicate	Si(OH)4	µmol/l	Gobler, Christopher J
28	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Gobler, Christopher J
29	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Gobler, Christopher J
30	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
32	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

2149 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Species	3 Strain	4 Exp	5 Treat	6 µ [1/day]	7 Cell toxicity [pg/#] (STX eq. per)	8 pH (NBS scale, mean of initial an...)	9 pH std dev [±] (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	10 pCO2water_SST_wet [Pa] (mean of initial and final mea...)	11 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	12 DIC [µmol/l] (mean of initial and final mea...)	13 DIC std dev [±] (Coulometric titration)	14 AT [µmol/kg] (mean of initial and final mea...)	15 AT std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	16 Inc dur [days]	17 Date	18 DIC [µmol/l] (Coulometric titration)	19 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	20 pCO2water_SST_wet [ppmv] (Infrared spectrometric)	21 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS)	22 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	23 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	24 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	25 Sal	26 Temp [°C]	27 Si(OH)4 [µmol/l]	28 [PO4]3- [µmol/l]	29 Cells [#/ml]	30 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	32 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	39 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	1	pCO2=39 Pa	0.195928888		8.085	0.009	41	2	1600	80	1824	87	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.96	12.34	387.12	388.42	1436.32	115.41	1564.07	1774.99	1.82	2.81
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	1	pCO2=39 Pa	0.112157412		8.085	0.009	41	2	1600	80	1824	87	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.96	12.34	387.12	388.42	1436.32	115.41	1564.07	1774.99	1.82	2.81
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	1	pCO2=39 Pa	0.123854519		8.085	0.009	41	2	1600	80	1824	87	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.96	12.34	387.12	388.42	1436.32	115.41	1564.07	1774.99	1.82	2.81
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	1	pCO2=120 Pa	0.249290693		7.629	0.031	122	6	1606	116	1678	123	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.50	36.62	1149.16	1153.03	1491.39	41.92	1569.94	1637.70	0.66	1.02
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	1	pCO2=120 Pa	0.205061880		7.629	0.031	122	6	1606	116	1678	123	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.50	36.62	1149.16	1153.03	1491.39	41.92	1569.94	1637.70	0.66	1.02
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	1	pCO2=120 Pa	0.298696008		7.629	0.031	122	6	1606	116	1678	123	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.50	36.62	1149.16	1153.03	1491.39	41.92	1569.94	1637.70	0.66	1.02
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	2	pCO2=39 Pa	0.353463692	1.276	8.068	0.013	44	4	1639	100	1858	104	27									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.94	13.18	413.41	414.80	1475.04	113.98	1602.19	1808.44	1.80	2.77
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	2	pCO2=39 Pa	0.409148387	1.235	8.068	0.013	44	4	1639	100	1858	104	27									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.94	13.18	413.41	414.80	1475.04	113.98	1602.19	1808.44	1.80	2.77
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	2	pCO2=39 Pa	0.313661115	1.248	8.068	0.013	44	4	1639	100	1858	104	27									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.94	13.18	413.41	414.80	1475.04	113.98	1602.19	1808.44	1.80	2.77
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	2	pCO2=120 Pa	0.383787618	2.554	7.741	0.007	110	7	1868	125	1975	128	27									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.61	32.82	1029.93	1033.39	1730.28	62.95	1826.05	1926.63	0.99	1.53
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	2	pCO2=120 Pa	0.441694543	1.797	7.741	0.007	110	7	1868	125	1975	128	27									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.61	32.82	1029.93	1033.39	1730.28	62.95	1826.05	1926.63	0.99	1.53
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	2	pCO2=120 Pa	0.423487515	2.072	7.741	0.007	110	7	1868	125	1975	128	27									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.61	32.82	1029.93	1033.39	1730.28	62.95	1826.05	1926.63	0.99	1.53
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	3	pCO2=39 Pa	0.075711858		8.075	0.057	46	2	1790	329	1994	355	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.95	14.14	443.79	445.28	1609.28	126.38	1749.80	1968.47	1.99	3.07
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	3	pCO2=39 Pa	0.038890436		8.075	0.057	46	2	1790	329	1994	355	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.95	14.14	443.79	445.28	1609.28	126.38	1749.80	1968.47	1.99	3.07
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	3	pCO2=39 Pa	0.024494259		8.075	0.057	46	2	1790	329	1994	355	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.95	14.14	443.79	445.28	1609.28	126.38	1749.80	1968.47	1.99	3.07
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	3	pCO2=170 Pa	0.184388821		7.545	0.034	177	3	1941	243	1966	231	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.42	53.70	1684.89	1690.56	1801.98	41.74	1897.41	1942.94	0.66	1.01
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	3	pCO2=170 Pa	0.102494900		7.545	0.034	177	3	1941	243	1966	231	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.42	53.70	1684.89	1690.56	1801.98	41.74	1897.41	1942.94	0.66	1.01
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	3	pCO2=170 Pa	0.082612055		7.545	0.034	177	3	1941	243	1966	231	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.42	53.70	1684.89	1690.56	1801.98	41.74	1897.41	1942.94	0.66	1.01
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	3	pCO2=170 Pa	0.174416048		7.545	0.034	177	3	1941	243	1966	231	15									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.42	53.70	1684.89	1690.56	1801.98	41.74	1897.41	1942.94	0.66	1.01
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	4	pCO2=39 Pa	0.128987212	1.023	8.096	0.032	47	2	1885	102	2122	123	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.97	14.15	443.84	445.33	1689.28	139.24	1842.67	2077.21	2.20	3.38
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	4	pCO2=39 Pa	0.155101703	0.509	8.096	0.032	47	2	1885	102	2122	123	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.97	14.15	443.84	445.33	1689.28	139.24	1842.67	2077.21	2.20	3.38
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	4	pCO2=39 Pa	0.141210804	0.814	8.096	0.032	47	2	1885	102	2122	123	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.97	14.15	443.84	445.33	1689.28	139.24	1842.67	2077.21	2.20	3.38
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	4	pCO2=39 Pa	0.198924645	0.715	8.096	0.032	47	2	1885	102	2122	123	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.97	14.15	443.84	445.33	1689.28	139.24	1842.67	2077.21	2.20	3.38
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	4	pCO2=150 Pa	0.261110202	1.215	7.592	0.022	162	12	1977	240	2033	246	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.46	49.10	1540.57	1545.76	1836.11	47.39	1932.60	1991.08	0.75	1.15
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	4	pCO2=150 Pa	0.328916399	1.493	7.592	0.022	162	12	1977	240	2033	246	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.46	49.10	1540.57	1545.76	1836.11	47.39	1932.60	1991.08	0.75	1.15
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	4	pCO2=150 Pa	0.277092453	0.950	7.592	0.022	162	12	1977	240	2033	246	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.46	49.10	1540.57	1545.76	1836.11	47.39	1932.60	1991.08	0.75	1.15
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Northport Bay, NPB8	4	pCO2=150 Pa	0.227488444	1.873	7.592	0.022	162	12	1977	240	2033	246	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.46	49.10	1540.57	1545.76	1836.11	47.39	1932.60	1991.08	0.75	1.15
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	5	pCO2=39 Pa	0.207306557	3.204	8.118	0.008	45	1	1912	44	2167	53	24									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.99	13.59	426.44	427.88	1707.42	148.05	1869.06	2116.23	2.34	3.60
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	5	pCO2=39 Pa	0.221325268	3.423	8.118	0.008	45	1	1912	44	2167	53	24									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.99	13.59	426.44	427.88	1707.42	148.05	1869.06	2116.23	2.34	3.60
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	5	pCO2=39 Pa	0.220466161	1.957	8.118	0.008	45	1	1912	44	2167	53	24									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.99	13.59	426.44	427.88	1707.42	148.05	1869.06	2116.23	2.34	3.60
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	5	pCO2=90 Pa	0.255930241	1.862	7.873	0.033	87	4	2033	71	2186	91	24									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.74	26.16	820.73	823.49	1869.01	92.17	1987.35	2135.59	1.45	2.24
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	5	pCO2=90 Pa	0.297674035	2.751	7.873	0.033	87	4	2033	71	2186	91	24									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.74	26.16	820.73	823.49	1869.01	92.17	1987.35	2135.59	1.45	2.24
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	5	pCO2=90 Pa	0.292169954	2.153	7.873	0.033	87	4	2033	71	2186	91	24									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.74	26.16	820.73	823.49	1869.01	92.17	1987.35	2135.59	1.45	2.24
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	6	pCO2=39 Pa	0.231881354	3.724	8.041	0.012	44	1	1539	49	1729	56	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.91	13.22	414.69	416.09	1390.28	100.94	1504.44	1693.92	1.59	2.45
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	6	pCO2=39 Pa	0.249093396	5.929	8.041	0.012	44	1	1539	49	1729	56	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.91	13.22	414.69	416.09	1390.28	100.94	1504.44	1693.92	1.59	2.45
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	6	pCO2=39 Pa	0.290256739	5.072	8.041	0.012	44	1	1539	49	1729	56	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.91	13.22	414.69	416.09	1390.28	100.94	1504.44	1693.92	1.59	2.45
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	6	pCO2=39 Pa	0.274542349	4.714	8.041	0.012	44	1	1539	49	1729	56	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.91	13.22	414.69	416.09	1390.28	100.94	1504.44	1693.92	1.59	2.45
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	6	pCO2=160 Pa	0.379544654	4.588	7.547	0.028	169	4	1845	84	1889	90	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.42	50.81	1594.17	1599.53	1712.90	39.86	1803.57	1850.22	0.63	0.97
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	6	pCO2=160 Pa	0.301743262	5.956	7.547	0.028	169	4	1845	84	1889	90	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.42	50.81	1594.17	1599.53	1712.90	39.86	1803.57	1850.22	0.63	0.97
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	6	pCO2=160 Pa	0.322010941	7.007	7.547	0.028	169	4	1845	84	1889	90	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.42	50.81	1594.17	1599.53	1712.90	39.86	1803.57	1850.22	0.63	0.97
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	6	pCO2=160 Pa	0.329537131	4.532	7.547	0.028	169	4	1845	84	1889	90	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.42	50.81	1594.17	1599.53	1712.90	39.86	1803.57	1850.22	0.63	0.97
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	7	pCO2=39 Pa	0.185345989		8.086	0.048	48	3	1888	183	2121	213	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.96	14.52	455.60	457.14	1694.58	136.50	1845.60	2075.58	2.15	3.32
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	7	pCO2=39 Pa	0.205512026		8.086	0.048	48	3	1888	183	2121	213	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.96	14.52	455.60	457.14	1694.58	136.50	1845.60	2075.58	2.15	3.32
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	7	pCO2=39 Pa	0.149827331		8.086	0.048	48	3	1888	183	2121	213	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.96	14.52	455.60	457.14	1694.58	136.50	1845.60	2075.58	2.15	3.32
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	7	pCO2=39 Pa	0.195233719		8.086	0.048	48	3	1888	183	2121	213	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.96	14.52	455.60	457.14	1694.58	136.50	1845.60	2075.58	2.15	3.32
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	7	pCO2=190 Pa	0.220251038		7.556	0.038	191	4	2138	157	2184	167	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.43	57.67	1809.57	1815.67	1985.15	47.16	2089.99	2137.58	0.74	1.15
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	7	pCO2=190 Pa	0.209091479		7.556	0.038	191	4	2138	157	2184	167	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.43	57.67	1809.57	1815.67	1985.15	47.16	2089.99	2137.58	0.74	1.15
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	7	pCO2=190 Pa	0.215482859		7.556	0.038	191	4	2138	157	2184	167	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.43	57.67	1809.57	1815.67	1985.15	47.16	2089.99	2137.58	0.74	1.15
	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	Bay of Fundy, CCMP 2304	7	pCO2=190 Pa	0.221968148		7.556	0.038	191	4	2138	157	2184	167	12									33	21	15	36.0		27	7.43	57.67	1809.57	1815.67	1985.15	47.16	2089.99	2137.58	0.74	1.15
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	1782.509303	7.8865	745.4	1.58	0.99	1846.0	62.3	25	16	22	0.9		27	7.76	27.63	718.88	721.46	1666.31	56.93	1750.87	1808.99	0.90	1.45
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	1912.440918	8.2940	299.5	4.15	2.59	2130.0	163.5	25	16	22	0.9	84.224	27	8.16	11.14	289.79	290.83	1717.34	150.02	1878.49	2081.55	2.38	3.81
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	1842.094731	8.0030	585.0	2.12	1.33	1940.8	83.6	25	16	22	0.9	82.208	27	7.87	21.69	564.48	566.50	1711.23	76.47	1809.40	1900.69	1.21	1.94
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	1853.828912	7.7005	1193.9	1.08	0.67	1870.9	42.4	25	16	22	0.9	97.664	27	7.57	44.23	1151.06	1155.19	1738.00	38.68	1820.92	1834.96	0.61	0.98
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	1879.789389	7.6880	1245.9	1.06	0.66	1893.7	41.8	25	16	22	0.9	98.168	27	7.56	46.16	1201.19	1205.50	1762.15	38.11	1846.42	1857.45	0.60	0.97
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	2084.126064	7.7645	1158.0	1.40	0.87	2118.2	55.2	25	16	22	0.9	94.416	27	7.63	42.91	1116.54	1120.54	1953.82	50.40	2047.13	2077.01	0.80	1.28
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	1919.670458	8.2290	353.1	3.63	2.26	2107.1	142.9	25	16	22	0.9		27	8.10	13.12	341.33	342.55	1741.50	130.97	1885.59	2060.28	2.08	3.33
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	1827.444207	8.2285	336.5	3.45	2.15	2008.4	135.9	25	16	22	0.9	76.832	27	8.10	12.50	325.32	326.49	1657.95	124.55	1795.00	1963.83	1.97	3.16
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-13	1873.100762	8.2160	355.7	3.44	2.15	2051.7	135.6	25	16	22	0.9	75.040	27	8.09	13.21	343.80	345.04	1702.38	124.25	1839.85	2006.34	1.97	3.16
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	2223.469481	7.8365	1045.1	1.76	1.10	2278.8	69.4	25	16	22	0.9	16.632	27	7.71	38.73	1007.81	1011.43	2081.88	63.39	2184.00	2234.66	1.00	1.61
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	2093.642986	7.8855	877.5	1.85	1.16	2161.8	73.0	25	16	22	0.9	13.384	27	7.76	32.52	846.34	849.37	1957.23	66.72	2056.48	2119.43	1.06	1.69
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	2075.289258	7.9065	828.0	1.93	1.20	2149.5	75.9	25	16	22	0.9	14.224	27	7.78	30.69	798.64	801.50	1938.41	69.35	2038.45	2107.13	1.10	1.76
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	1890.794592	7.6340	1418.0	0.94	0.59	1890.6	37.1	25	16	22	0.9	21.392	27	7.50	52.54	1367.10	1372.00	1770.88	33.81	1857.23	1855.55	0.54	0.86
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	1873.098416	7.6395	1387.2	0.94	0.59	1874.4	37.2	25	16	22	0.9	13.048	27	7.51	51.40	1337.44	1342.23	1754.52	33.93	1839.85	1839.62	0.54	0.86
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	1900.594827	7.6350	1422.1	0.95	0.59	1900.6	37.3	25	16	22	0.9	16.184	27	7.51	52.69	1371.12	1376.03	1780.10	34.07	1866.86	1865.31	0.54	0.87
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	1648.636042	8.1405	376.3	2.57	1.61	1783.4	101.3	25	16	22	0.9	8.344	27	8.01	13.97	363.51	364.81	1512.62	92.78	1619.37	1746.13	1.47	2.36
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	1257.465425	9.2075	14.9	13.90	8.67	2035.5	547.3	25	16	22	0.9	6.104	27	9.08	0.57	14.81	14.87	719.47	515.11	1235.14	1981.54	8.16	13.08
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-22	1583.103525	8.1980	314.2	2.80	1.75	1734.8	110.2	25	16	22	0.9	5.376	27	8.07	11.67	303.63	304.72	1442.34	100.99	1555.00	1697.90	1.60	2.57
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1642.447869	7.7945	851.3	1.18	0.74	1680.3	46.6	25	16	22	0.9	39.480	27	7.66	31.55	820.87	823.81	1539.20	42.54	1613.29	1648.12	0.67	1.08
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1537.611121	7.8165	757.2	1.16	0.73	1579.4	45.9	25	16	22	0.9	42.420	27	7.69	28.06	730.19	732.80	1440.37	41.88	1510.32	1549.08	0.66	1.06
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1459.838479	7.8335	691.0	1.15	0.72	1504.4	45.3	25	16	22	0.9	47.600	27	7.70	25.61	666.42	668.80	1366.98	41.33	1433.92	1475.48	0.66	1.05
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1721.649844	7.6010	1392.0	0.79	0.50	1715.5	31.2	25	16	22	0.9	57.260	27	7.47	51.57	1341.93	1346.74	1611.01	28.51	1691.09	1683.93	0.45	0.72
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1602.460001	7.5785	1363.5	0.70	0.44	1593.0	27.6	25	16	22	0.9	54.740	27	7.45	50.52	1314.52	1319.23	1498.32	25.17	1574.01	1563.84	0.40	0.64
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1817.935902	7.5740	1562.7	0.79	0.49	1804.1	31.0	25	16	22	0.9	49.700	27	7.44	57.90	1506.62	1512.02	1699.51	28.26	1785.67	1771.05	0.45	0.72
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1462.954308	8.0195	446.7	1.75	1.09	1552.4	68.9	25	16	22	0.9	47.180	27	7.89	16.57	431.09	432.63	1357.41	63.00	1436.98	1521.17	1.00	1.60
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1376.134518	8.0315	408.3	1.69	1.05	1465.7	66.6	25	16	22	0.9	37.520	27	7.90	15.15	394.12	395.53	1275.69	60.87	1351.71	1436.09	0.96	1.55
Northport_Harbor	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)		field experiment													2011-05-27	1522.415877	8.0240	459.8	1.84	1.15	1615.3	72.4	25	16	22	0.9	37.520	27	7.89	17.06	443.83	445.42	1412.11	66.23	1495.39	1582.65	1.05	1.68