Johnson, Maggie Dorothy; Price, Nichole N; Smith, Jennifer E (2014): Contrasting effects of ocean acidification on tropical fleshy and calcareous algae [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.838995, Supplement to: Johnson, MD et al. (2014): Contrasting effects of ocean acidification on tropical fleshy and calcareous algae. PeerJ, 2, e411, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.411
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Abstract:
Despite the heightened awareness of ocean acidification (OA) effects on marine organisms, few studies empirically juxtapose biological responses to CO2 manipulations across functionally distinct primary producers, particularly benthic algae. Algal responses to OA may vary because increasing CO2 has the potential to fertilize photosynthesis but impair biomineralization. Using a series of repeated experiments on Palmyra Atoll, simulated OA effects were tested across a suite of ecologically important coral reef algae, including five fleshy and six calcareous species. Growth, calcification and photophysiology were measured for each species independently and metrics were combined from each experiment using a meta-analysis to examine overall trends across functional groups categorized as fleshy, upright calcareous, and crustose coralline algae (CCA). The magnitude of the effect of OA on algal growth response varied by species, but the direction was consistent within functional groups. Exposure to OA conditions generally enhanced growth in fleshy macroalgae, reduced net calcification in upright calcareous algae, and caused net dissolution in CCA. Additionally, three of the five fleshy seaweeds tested became reproductive upon exposure to OA conditions. There was no consistent effect of OA on algal photophysiology. Our study provides experimental evidence to support the hypothesis that OA will reduce the ability of calcareous algae to biomineralize. Further, we show that CO2 enrichment either will stimulate population or somatic growth in some species of fleshy macroalgae. Thus, our results suggest that projected OA conditions may favor non-calcifying algae and influence the relative dominance of fleshy macroalgae on reefs, perpetuating or exacerbating existing shifts in reef community structure.
Keyword(s):
Acanthophora spicifera; Avrainvillea amadelpha; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Caulerpa serrulata; Chlorophyta; Coast and continental shelf; Dichotomaria marginata; Dictyota bartayresiana; Galaxaura rugosa; Growth/Morphology; Halimeda opuntia; Halimeda taenicola; Hypnea pannosa; Laboratory experiment; Lithophyllum prototypum; Lithophyllum sp.; Macroalgae; North Pacific; Ochrophyta; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Rhodophyta; Single species; Tropical
Further details:
Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb
Project(s):
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-11-18.
Parameter(s):
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
2271 data points
Data
1 Tab | 2 Species | 3 Species | 4 Exp | 5 Treat | 6 Repl [#] (growth rate) | 7 µ [mg/g/day] | 8 µ std e [±] | 9 Repl [#] (photosynthetic parameters) | 10 Run [#] (RLCs) | 11 rETR max [µmol e/m2/s] | 12 rETR max std e [±] | 13 alpha [µmol electrons/µmol quanta] | 14 alpha std e [±] | 15 beta [µmol electrons/µmol quanta] | 16 beta std e [±] | 17 Temp [°C] | 18 Repl [#] (carboante chemistry) | 19 Sal | 20 Sal std e [±] | 21 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration) | 22 AT std e [±] (Potentiometric titration) | 23 DIC [µmol/kg] (Coulometric titration) | 24 DIC std e [±] (Coulometric titration) | 25 pH (seawater scale, Calculated us...) | 26 pH std e [±] (seawater scale, Calculated us...) | 27 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 28 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 29 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 30 [HCO3]- std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 31 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 32 [CO3]2- std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 33 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 34 Omega Cal std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 35 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 36 Omega Arg std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 37 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 38 pH (total scale, Calculated using...) | 39 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 40 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 41 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 42 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 43 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 44 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 45 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Acanthophora spicifera (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | Ambient air | 6 | -35.230 | 13.520 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.01 | 2132 | 32 | 1984 | 29 | 7.82 | 0.01 | 659 | 17 | 1850 | 27 | 113 | 4 | 2.7 | 0.10 | 1.8 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.83 | 21.18 | 655.09 | 652.90 | 1850.11 | 112.71 | 1.75 | 2.70 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Acanthophora spicifera (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | High pCO2 | 6 | -12.210 | 14.660 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.01 | 2224 | 20 | 2237 | 28 | 7.34 | 0.14 | 2530 | 906 | 2109 | 11 | 47 | 12 | 1.1 | 0.30 | 0.7 | 0.20 | 15 | 7.34 | 74.84 | 2314.60 | 2306.85 | 2120.26 | 41.90 | 0.65 | 1.00 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Avrainvillea amadelpha (macroalga) | 2012 Experiments | Ambient air | 10 | 5.950 | 2.490 | 20 | 2 | 35.2 | 0.20 | 2124 | 58 | 1922 | 19 | 7.94 | 0.08 | 486 | 90 | 1762 | 4 | 144 | 26 | 3.4 | 0.60 | 2.2 | 0.40 | 15 | 7.96 | 15.15 | 469.46 | 467.89 | 1762.89 | 143.96 | 2.23 | 3.44 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Avrainvillea amadelpha (macroalga) | 2012 Experiments | High pCO2 | 7 | -4.240 | 2.760 | 20 | 2 | 35.0 | 0.10 | 2267 | 13 | 2134 | 9 | 7.77 | 0.01 | 799 | 12 | 1999 | 7 | 109 | 2 | 2.6 | 0.10 | 1.7 | 0.03 | 15 | 7.78 | 25.92 | 802.45 | 799.76 | 2000.11 | 107.97 | 1.68 | 2.58 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Caulerpa serrulata (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | Ambient air | 6 | 1.980 | 2.430 | 20 | 3 | 34.7 | 0.10 | 2205 | 30 | 1951 | 9 | 8.04 | 0.05 | 380 | 42 | 1758 | 18 | 180 | 18 | 4.3 | 0.40 | 2.8 | 0.30 | 15 | 8.06 | 12.04 | 372.28 | 371.03 | 1759.87 | 179.09 | 2.79 | 4.29 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Caulerpa serrulata (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | High pCO2 | 6 | 19.410 | 3.260 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.02 | 2215 | 33 | 2072 | 42 | 7.78 | 0.12 | 818 | 222 | 1931 | 62 | 115 | 30 | 2.8 | 0.70 | 1.8 | 0.50 | 15 | 7.81 | 23.30 | 720.64 | 718.22 | 1936.46 | 112.24 | 1.75 | 2.69 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Caulerpa serrulata (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 4 | 7.510 | 10.820 | 20 | 4 | 35.2 | 0.04 | 2128 | 22 | 1899 | 44 | 7.99 | 0.08 | 443 | 109 | 1723 | 59 | 161 | 20 | 3.9 | 0.50 | 2.5 | 0.30 | 15 | 8.01 | 13.02 | 403.50 | 402.15 | 1725.52 | 160.47 | 2.49 | 3.83 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Caulerpa serrulata (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 3 | -16.430 | 6.460 | 20 | 4 | 35.2 | 0.10 | 2125 | 31 | 2023 | 53 | 7.66 | 0.16 | 1197 | 362 | 1890 | 73 | 94 | 33 | 2.2 | 0.80 | 1.5 | 0.50 | 15 | 7.70 | 29.25 | 906.61 | 903.57 | 1906.56 | 87.19 | 1.35 | 2.08 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Dictyota bartayresiana (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 11.090 | 3.620 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.05 | 2107 | 38 | 1821 | 51 | 8.12 | 0.03 | 296 | 33 | 1616 | 57 | 195 | 9 | 4.7 | 0.20 | 3.0 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.13 | 9.39 | 290.79 | 289.82 | 1616.58 | 195.04 | 3.03 | 4.66 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Dictyota bartayresiana (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 5 | 22.600 | 4.030 | 20 | 3 | 35.2 | 0.02 | 2128 | 34 | 1903 | 40 | 7.99 | 0.06 | 431 | 62 | 1731 | 50 | 159 | 18 | 3.8 | 0.40 | 2.5 | 0.30 | 15 | 8.00 | 13.31 | 412.67 | 411.28 | 1731.66 | 158.02 | 2.45 | 3.77 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Hypnea pannosa (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 3 | 1.310 | 8.360 | 20 | 3 | 35.2 | 0.10 | 2178 | 18 | 1677 | 100 | 8.42 | 0.15 | 157 | 76 | 1320 | 168 | 342 | 71 | 8.2 | 1.70 | 5.3 | 1.10 | 15 | 8.44 | 3.75 | 116.21 | 115.82 | 1338.15 | 335.10 | 5.20 | 8.00 | ||||||||
S4 | Fleshy macroalgae | Hypnea pannosa (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | 18.200 | 4.450 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.03 | 2159 | 37 | 1731 | 135 | 8.24 | 0.29 | 520 | 418 | 1420 | 218 | 294 | 98 | 7.0 | 2.30 | 4.6 | 1.50 | 15 | 8.35 | 5.04 | 156.26 | 155.74 | 1438.55 | 287.41 | 4.46 | 6.87 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Dichotomaria marginata (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 19.960 | 3.660 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.03 | 1974 | 105 | 1593 | 151 | 8.30 | 0.10 | 186 | 64 | 1341 | 173 | 246 | 26 | 5.9 | 0.60 | 3.8 | 0.40 | 15 | 8.31 | 5.07 | 157.11 | 156.59 | 1339.92 | 248.00 | 3.85 | 5.92 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Dichotomaria marginata (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 5 | 0.367 | 3.570 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.04 | 1735 | 100 | 1385 | 153 | 8.30 | 0.14 | 181 | 77 | 1165 | 178 | 214 | 33 | 5.1 | 0.80 | 3.3 | 0.50 | 15 | 8.31 | 4.40 | 136.20 | 135.75 | 1164.52 | 216.08 | 3.36 | 5.16 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Galaxaura rugosa (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | Ambient air | 6 | 1.380 | 1.420 | 20 | 3 | 34.7 | 0.01 | 2148 | 39 | 1977 | 54 | 7.88 | 0.06 | 589 | 86 | 1831 | 61 | 127 | 13 | 3.0 | 0.30 | 2.0 | 0.20 | 15 | 7.89 | 18.46 | 570.76 | 568.85 | 1831.96 | 126.58 | 1.97 | 3.03 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Galaxaura rugosa (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | High pCO2 | 6 | -9.080 | 6.250 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.04 | 2514 | 143 | 2485 | 113 | 7.46 | 0.17 | 2215 | 899 | 2342 | 109 | 71 | 22 | 1.7 | 0.50 | 1.1 | 0.30 | 15 | 7.48 | 61.22 | 1893.44 | 1887.10 | 2360.31 | 63.47 | 0.99 | 1.52 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda opuntia (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | Ambient air | 4 | 6.590 | 1.650 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2221 | 10 | 1994 | 4 | 7.99 | 0.02 | 440 | 17 | 1817 | 4 | 163 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.00 | 14.15 | 437.76 | 436.29 | 1817.14 | 162.71 | 2.53 | 3.90 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda opuntia (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | -7.960 | 1.110 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2236 | 5 | 2140 | 9 | 7.67 | 0.03 | 1014 | 75 | 2019 | 11 | 88 | 5 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.68 | 32.66 | 1009.96 | 1006.58 | 2020.18 | 87.16 | 1.36 | 2.09 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda opuntia (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 25.370 | 2.930 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.10 | 595 | 68 | 596 | 53 | 7.22 | 0.24 | 1116 | 470 | 546 | 51 | 13 | 7 | 0.3 | 0.20 | 0.2 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.23 | 25.48 | 789.21 | 786.57 | 561.84 | 8.68 | 0.13 | 0.21 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda opuntia (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 5 | 12.400 | 2.070 | 20 | 4 | 35.0 | 0.03 | 818 | 131 | 870 | 151 | 7.02 | 0.14 | 2178 | 816 | 791 | 132 | 8 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 15 | 6.97 | 67.10 | 2077.59 | 2070.64 | 796.29 | 6.61 | 0.10 | 0.16 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | Ambient air | 4 | 8.020 | 0.204 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2221 | 10 | 1994 | 4 | 7.99 | 0.02 | 440 | 17 | 1817 | 4 | 163 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.00 | 14.15 | 437.76 | 436.29 | 1817.14 | 162.71 | 2.53 | 3.90 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | 0.885 | 1.190 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2236 | 5 | 2140 | 9 | 7.67 | 0.03 | 1014 | 75 | 2019 | 11 | 88 | 5 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.68 | 32.66 | 1009.96 | 1006.58 | 2020.18 | 87.16 | 1.36 | 2.09 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | Ambient air | 6 | 43.320 | 18.530 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.03 | 1563 | 85 | 1507 | 104 | 7.56 | 0.25 | 1330 | 815 | 1405 | 102 | 59 | 22 | 1.4 | 0.50 | 0.9 | 0.30 | 15 | 7.59 | 28.41 | 878.55 | 875.60 | 1428.49 | 50.10 | 0.78 | 1.20 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | High pCO2 | 6 | 37.520 | 18.030 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.04 | 1759 | 91 | 1733 | 82 | 7.45 | 0.04 | 1365 | 72 | 1646 | 78 | 44 | 6 | 1.0 | 0.10 | 0.7 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.47 | 43.59 | 1348.12 | 1343.60 | 1646.06 | 43.35 | 0.67 | 1.04 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2012 Experiments | Ambient air | 10 | 23.310 | 3.300 | 20 | 2 | 35.0 | 0.04 | 1889 | 139 | 1665 | 36 | 8.00 | 0.21 | 400 | 183 | 1499 | 24 | 152 | 66 | 3.6 | 1.60 | 2.4 | 1.00 | 15 | 8.04 | 10.63 | 329.18 | 328.07 | 1505.28 | 149.08 | 2.32 | 3.56 | ||||||||
S4 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2012 Experiments | High pCO2 | 10 | 25.970 | 2.820 | 20 | 2 | 34.9 | 0.10 | 1573 | 444 | 1570 | 329 | 7.29 | 0.46 | 2314 | 1573 | 1445 | 336 | 50 | 43 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 0.8 | 0.70 | 15 | 7.37 | 49.50 | 1531.61 | 1526.48 | 1489.21 | 31.30 | 0.49 | 0.75 | ||||||||
S4 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum sp. (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | Ambient air | 4 | 0.194 | 0.033 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2221 | 10 | 1994 | 4 | 7.99 | 0.02 | 440 | 17 | 1817 | 4 | 163 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.00 | 14.15 | 437.76 | 436.29 | 1817.14 | 162.71 | 2.53 | 3.90 | ||||||||
S4 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum sp. (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | -0.165 | 0.081 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2236 | 5 | 2140 | 9 | 7.67 | 0.03 | 1014 | 75 | 2019 | 11 | 88 | 5 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.68 | 32.66 | 1009.96 | 1006.58 | 2020.18 | 87.16 | 1.36 | 2.09 | ||||||||
S4 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum sp. (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 0.228 | 0.076 | 20 | 4 | 35.0 | 0.01 | 1995 | 50 | 1798 | 38 | 7.95 | 0.02 | 433 | 13 | 1647 | 29 | 137 | 9 | 3.3 | 0.20 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.97 | 13.87 | 429.35 | 427.91 | 1647.25 | 136.88 | 2.13 | 3.27 | ||||||||
S4 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum sp. (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 5 | -0.196 | 0.097 | 20 | 4 | 35.2 | 0.04 | 2104 | 38 | 2021 | 22 | 7.63 | 0.08 | 1108 | 228 | 1907 | 19 | 79 | 12 | 1.9 | 0.30 | 1.2 | 0.20 | 15 | 7.65 | 33.27 | 1031.10 | 1027.65 | 1910.73 | 77.00 | 1.19 | 1.84 | ||||||||
S4 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum prototypum (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | Ambient air | 4 | 0.266 | 0.135 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2221 | 10 | 1994 | 4 | 7.99 | 0.02 | 440 | 17 | 1817 | 4 | 163 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.00 | 14.15 | 437.76 | 436.29 | 1817.14 | 162.71 | 2.53 | 3.90 | ||||||||
S4 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum prototypum (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | -0.240 | 0.122 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2236 | 5 | 2140 | 9 | 7.67 | 0.03 | 1014 | 75 | 2019 | 11 | 88 | 5 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.68 | 32.66 | 1009.96 | 1006.58 | 2020.18 | 87.16 | 1.36 | 2.09 | ||||||||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Acanthophora spicifera (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | Ambient air | 6 | 2 | 12.76 | 1.49 | 0.30 | 0.040 | 0.0100 | 0.0020 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.01 | 2132 | 32 | 1984 | 29 | 7.82 | 0.01 | 659 | 17 | 1850 | 27 | 113 | 4 | 2.7 | 0.10 | 1.8 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.83 | 21.18 | 655.09 | 652.90 | 1850.11 | 112.71 | 1.75 | 2.70 | |||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Acanthophora spicifera (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | High pCO2 | 5 | 2 | 8.33 | 0.60 | 0.32 | 0.010 | 0.0090 | 0.0020 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.01 | 2224 | 20 | 2237 | 28 | 7.34 | 0.14 | 2530 | 906 | 2109 | 11 | 47 | 12 | 1.1 | 0.30 | 0.7 | 0.20 | 15 | 7.34 | 74.84 | 2314.60 | 2306.85 | 2120.26 | 41.90 | 0.65 | 1.00 | |||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Caulerpa serrulata (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | Ambient air | 6 | 2 | 17.30 | 1.19 | 0.44 | 0.004 | 0.0700 | 0.0090 | 20 | 3 | 34.7 | 0.10 | 2205 | 30 | 1951 | 9 | 8.04 | 0.05 | 380 | 42 | 1758 | 18 | 180 | 18 | 4.3 | 0.40 | 2.8 | 0.30 | 15 | 8.06 | 12.04 | 372.28 | 371.03 | 1759.87 | 179.09 | 2.79 | 4.29 | |||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Caulerpa serrulata (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | High pCO2 | 6 | 2 | 18.02 | 0.66 | 0.44 | 0.020 | 0.0600 | 0.0050 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.02 | 2215 | 33 | 2072 | 42 | 7.78 | 0.12 | 818 | 222 | 1931 | 62 | 115 | 30 | 2.8 | 0.70 | 1.8 | 0.50 | 15 | 7.81 | 23.30 | 720.64 | 718.22 | 1936.46 | 112.24 | 1.75 | 2.69 | |||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Caulerpa serrulata (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 1 | 3.76 | 0.59 | 0.30 | 0.050 | 0.0000 | 20 | 4 | 35.2 | 0.04 | 2128 | 22 | 1899 | 44 | 7.99 | 0.08 | 443 | 109 | 1723 | 59 | 161 | 20 | 3.9 | 0.50 | 2.5 | 0.30 | 15 | 8.01 | 13.02 | 403.50 | 402.15 | 1725.52 | 160.47 | 2.49 | 3.83 | ||||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Caulerpa serrulata (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | 1 | 3.19 | 1.92 | 0.23 | 0.080 | 0.0070 | 0.0070 | 20 | 4 | 35.2 | 0.10 | 2125 | 31 | 2023 | 53 | 7.66 | 0.16 | 1197 | 362 | 1890 | 73 | 94 | 33 | 2.2 | 0.80 | 1.5 | 0.50 | 15 | 7.70 | 29.25 | 906.61 | 903.57 | 1906.56 | 87.19 | 1.35 | 2.08 | |||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Dictyota bartayresiana (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 1 | 23.43 | 3.24 | 0.28 | 0.030 | 0.0004 | 0.0004 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.05 | 2107 | 38 | 1821 | 51 | 8.12 | 0.03 | 296 | 33 | 1616 | 57 | 195 | 9 | 4.7 | 0.20 | 3.0 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.13 | 9.39 | 290.79 | 289.82 | 1616.58 | 195.04 | 3.03 | 4.66 | |||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Dictyota bartayresiana (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 5 | 1 | 32.86 | 5.13 | 0.27 | 0.030 | 0.0000 | 20 | 3 | 35.2 | 0.02 | 2128 | 34 | 1903 | 40 | 7.99 | 0.06 | 431 | 62 | 1731 | 50 | 159 | 18 | 3.8 | 0.40 | 2.5 | 0.30 | 15 | 8.00 | 13.31 | 412.67 | 411.28 | 1731.66 | 158.02 | 2.45 | 3.77 | ||||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Hypnea pannosa (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 1 | 35.01 | 6.40 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 0.0100 | 0.0080 | 20 | 3 | 35.2 | 0.10 | 2178 | 18 | 1677 | 100 | 8.42 | 0.15 | 157 | 76 | 1320 | 168 | 342 | 71 | 8.2 | 1.70 | 5.3 | 1.10 | 15 | 8.44 | 3.75 | 116.21 | 115.82 | 1338.15 | 335.10 | 5.20 | 8.00 | |||
S5 | Fleshy Macroalgae | Hypnea pannosa (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | 1 | 29.00 | 1.41 | 0.25 | 0.040 | 0.0200 | 0.0090 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.03 | 2159 | 37 | 1731 | 135 | 8.24 | 0.29 | 520 | 418 | 1420 | 218 | 294 | 98 | 7.0 | 2.30 | 4.6 | 1.50 | 15 | 8.35 | 5.04 | 156.26 | 155.74 | 1438.55 | 287.41 | 4.46 | 6.87 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Dichotomaria marginata (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 1 | 12.56 | 3.33 | 0.26 | 0.030 | 0.0009 | 0.0007 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.03 | 1974 | 105 | 1593 | 151 | 8.30 | 0.10 | 186 | 64 | 1341 | 173 | 246 | 26 | 5.9 | 0.60 | 3.8 | 0.40 | 15 | 8.31 | 5.07 | 157.11 | 156.59 | 1339.92 | 248.00 | 3.85 | 5.92 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Dichotomaria marginata (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 5 | 1 | 15.48 | 1.34 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 0.0030 | 0.0020 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.04 | 1735 | 100 | 1385 | 153 | 8.30 | 0.14 | 181 | 77 | 1165 | 178 | 214 | 33 | 5.1 | 0.80 | 3.3 | 0.50 | 15 | 8.31 | 4.40 | 136.20 | 135.75 | 1164.52 | 216.08 | 3.36 | 5.16 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Galaxaura rugosa (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | Ambient air | 6 | 2 | 12.95 | 0.56 | 0.23 | 0.005 | 0.0200 | 0.0050 | 20 | 3 | 34.7 | 0.01 | 2148 | 39 | 1977 | 54 | 7.88 | 0.06 | 589 | 86 | 1831 | 61 | 127 | 13 | 3.0 | 0.30 | 2.0 | 0.20 | 15 | 7.89 | 18.46 | 570.76 | 568.85 | 1831.96 | 126.58 | 1.97 | 3.03 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Galaxaura rugosa (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | High pCO2 | 6 | 2 | 17.00 | 0.82 | 0.25 | 0.010 | 0.0200 | 0.0030 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.04 | 2514 | 143 | 2485 | 113 | 7.46 | 0.17 | 2215 | 899 | 2342 | 109 | 71 | 22 | 1.7 | 0.50 | 1.1 | 0.30 | 15 | 7.48 | 61.22 | 1893.44 | 1887.10 | 2360.31 | 63.47 | 0.99 | 1.52 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda opuntia (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | Ambient air | 4 | 3 | 15.17 | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.008 | 0.0400 | 0.0030 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2221 | 10 | 1994 | 4 | 7.99 | 0.02 | 440 | 17 | 1817 | 4 | 163 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.00 | 14.15 | 437.76 | 436.29 | 1817.14 | 162.71 | 2.53 | 3.90 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda opuntia (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | 3 | 12.72 | 0.88 | 0.35 | 0.010 | 0.0400 | 0.0050 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2236 | 5 | 2140 | 9 | 7.67 | 0.03 | 1014 | 75 | 2019 | 11 | 88 | 5 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.68 | 32.66 | 1009.96 | 1006.58 | 2020.18 | 87.16 | 1.36 | 2.09 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda opuntia (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 1 | 5.32 | 1.00 | 0.47 | 0.050 | 0.0020 | 0.0020 | 20 | 4 | 35.1 | 0.10 | 595 | 68 | 596 | 53 | 7.22 | 0.24 | 1116 | 470 | 546 | 51 | 13 | 7 | 0.3 | 0.20 | 0.2 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.23 | 25.48 | 789.21 | 786.57 | 561.84 | 8.68 | 0.13 | 0.21 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda opuntia (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | 1 | 7.09 | 1.66 | 0.38 | 0.060 | 0.0080 | 0.0060 | 20 | 4 | 35.0 | 0.03 | 818 | 131 | 870 | 151 | 7.02 | 0.14 | 2178 | 816 | 791 | 132 | 8 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 15 | 6.97 | 67.10 | 2077.59 | 2070.64 | 796.29 | 6.61 | 0.10 | 0.16 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | Ambient air | 4 | 3 | 10.71 | 0.97 | 0.39 | 0.020 | 0.0300 | 0.0020 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2221 | 10 | 1994 | 4 | 7.99 | 0.02 | 440 | 17 | 1817 | 4 | 163 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.00 | 14.15 | 437.76 | 436.29 | 1817.14 | 162.71 | 2.53 | 3.90 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | 3 | 10.99 | 0.96 | 0.39 | 0.020 | 0.0300 | 0.0040 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2236 | 5 | 2140 | 9 | 7.67 | 0.03 | 1014 | 75 | 2019 | 11 | 88 | 5 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.68 | 32.66 | 1009.96 | 1006.58 | 2020.18 | 87.16 | 1.36 | 2.09 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | Ambient air | 6 | 2 | 11.75 | 1.60 | 0.47 | 0.040 | 0.0400 | 0.0100 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.03 | 1563 | 85 | 1507 | 104 | 7.56 | 0.25 | 1330 | 815 | 1405 | 102 | 59 | 22 | 1.4 | 0.50 | 0.9 | 0.30 | 15 | 7.59 | 28.41 | 878.55 | 875.60 | 1428.49 | 50.10 | 0.78 | 1.20 | |||
S5 | Upright calcareous algae | Halimeda taenicola (macroalga) | 2010 Experiments | High pCO2 | 6 | 2 | 11.19 | 0.77 | 0.37 | 0.020 | 0.0800 | 0.0100 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.04 | 1759 | 91 | 1733 | 82 | 7.45 | 0.04 | 1365 | 72 | 1646 | 78 | 44 | 6 | 1.0 | 0.10 | 0.7 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.47 | 43.59 | 1348.12 | 1343.60 | 1646.06 | 43.35 | 0.67 | 1.04 | |||
S5 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum sp. (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | Ambient air | 4 | 3 | 4.02 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.010 | 0.0000 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2221 | 10 | 1994 | 4 | 7.99 | 0.02 | 440 | 17 | 1817 | 4 | 163 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 0.10 | 15 | 8.00 | 14.15 | 437.76 | 436.29 | 1817.14 | 162.71 | 2.53 | 3.90 | ||||
S5 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum sp. (macroalga) | 2009 Experiments | High pCO2 | 4 | 3 | 7.22 | 1.46 | 0.26 | 0.030 | 0.0000 | 20 | 3 | 34.8 | 0.10 | 2236 | 5 | 2140 | 9 | 7.67 | 0.03 | 1014 | 75 | 2019 | 11 | 88 | 5 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 1.4 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.68 | 32.66 | 1009.96 | 1006.58 | 2020.18 | 87.16 | 1.36 | 2.09 | ||||
S5 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum sp. (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | Ambient air | 5 | 1 | 15.15 | 1.32 | 0.17 | 0.030 | 0.0010 | 0.0010 | 20 | 4 | 35.0 | 0.01 | 1995 | 50 | 1798 | 38 | 7.95 | 0.02 | 433 | 13 | 1647 | 29 | 137 | 9 | 3.3 | 0.20 | 2.1 | 0.10 | 15 | 7.97 | 13.87 | 429.35 | 427.91 | 1647.25 | 136.88 | 2.13 | 3.27 | |||
S5 | Crustose coralline algae | Lithophyllum sp. (macroalga) | 2011 Experiments | High pCO2 | 5 | 1 | 15.85 | 3.09 | 0.15 | 0.010 | 0.0000 | 20 | 4 | 35.2 | 0.04 | 2104 | 38 | 2021 | 22 | 7.63 | 0.08 | 1108 | 228 | 1907 | 19 | 79 | 12 | 1.9 | 0.30 | 1.2 | 0.20 | 15 | 7.65 | 33.27 | 1031.10 | 1027.65 | 1910.73 | 77.00 | 1.19 | 1.84 |