/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Patterson, Molly O; McKay, Robert M; Naish, Timothy R; Escutia, Carlota; Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco Jose; Raymo, Maureen E; Meyers, Stephen R; Tauxe, Lisa; Brinkhuis, Hendrik; Klaus, Adam; Fehr, Annick; Bendle, James A; Bijl, Peter K; Bohaty, Steven M; Carr, Stephanie A; Dunbar, Robert B; Flores, José-Abel; Gonzàlez, Jhon Jairo; Hayden, Travis G; Iwai, Masao; Katsuki, Kota; Kong, Gee Soo; Nakai, Mutsumi; Olney, Matthew P; Passchier, Sandra; Pekar, Stephen F; Pross, Jörg; Riesselman, Christina R; Röhl, Ursula; Sakai, T; Shrivastava, Prakash Kumar; Stickley, Catherine E; Sugasaki, S; Tuo, Shouting; van de Flierdt, Tina; Welsh, Kevin; Williams, Thomas; Yamane, Masako (2014): (Supplementary Table 1) Iceberg-rafted debris (IBRD) mass accumulation rates (MAR) of IODP site 318-U1361. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.837977, Supplement to: Patterson, MO et al. (2014): Orbital forcing of the East Antarctic ice sheet during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Nature Geoscience, 7(11), 841-847, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2273 Abstract: The Pliocene and Early Pleistocene, between 5.3 and 0.8 million years ago, span a transition from a global climate state that was 2-3 °C warmer than present with limited ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere to one that was characterized by continental-scale glaciations at both poles. Growth and decay of these ice sheets was paced by variations in the Earth's orbit around the Sun. However, the nature of the influence of orbital forcing on the ice sheets is unclear, particularly in light of the absence of a strong 20,000-year precession signal in geologic records of global ice volume and sea level. Here we present a record of the rate of accumulation of iceberg-rafted debris offshore from the East Antarctic ice sheet, adjacent to the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, between 4.3 and 2.2 million years ago. We infer that maximum iceberg debris accumulation is associated with the enhanced calving of icebergs during ice-sheet margin retreat. In the warmer part of the record, between 4.3 and 3.5 million years ago, spectral analyses show a dominant periodicity of about 40,000 years. Subsequently, the powers of the 100,000-year and 20,000-year signals strengthen. We suggest that, as the Southern Ocean cooled between 3.5 and 2.5 million years ago, the development of a perennial sea-ice field limited the oceanic forcing of the ice sheet. After this threshold was crossed, substantial retreat of the East Antarctic ice sheet occurred only during austral summer insolation maxima, as controlled by the precession cycle. Project(s): Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) (URI: https://www.iodp.org/) Coverage: LATITUDE: -64.409547 * LONGITUDE: 143.886653 MINIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 37.650 m * MAXIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 104.180 m Event(s): 318-U1361A * LATITUDE: -64.409547 * LONGITUDE: 143.886653 * ELEVATION: -3465.5 m * Recovery: 338.86 m * CAMPAIGN: Exp318 (Wilkes Land) (URI: https://doi.org/10.2204/iodp.proc.318.101.2011) * BASIS: Joides Resolution (URI: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * COMMENT: 41 cores; 388 m cored; 87 % recovered; 0 m drilled; 388 m penetrated Parameter(s): DEPTH, sediment/rock [m] (Depth sed) * GEOCODE Accumulation rate, ice rafted debris [g/cm**2/ka] (Acc rate IRD) * PI: Patterson, Molly O * COMMENT: iceberg-rafted debris AGE [ka BP] (Age) * GEOCODE * PI: Patterson, Molly O * COMMENT: Tauxe et al., 2012 License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 601 data points */ Depth sed [m] Acc rate IRD [g/cm**2/ka] Age [ka BP] 37.650 0.0167131100 2065 38.450 0.0063052860 2099 38.550 0.0098714990 2103 38.750 0.0114798990 2112 38.850 0.0162735710 2116 38.950 0.0083204600 2121 39.050 0.0051737890 2125 39.150 0.0079967360 2129 39.350 0.0199575890 2138 39.450 0.0073278410 2142 39.550 0.0058818010 2146 39.650 0.0129114020 2151 39.850 0.0136094790 2159 39.950 0.0063194540 2163 40.050 0.0079427310 2168 40.150 0.0083606410 2172 40.250 0.0013914370 2176 40.350 0.0126620760 2181 40.650 0.0160582280 2193 40.750 0.0039390940 2198 40.850 0.0068909540 2202 41.050 0.0044802810 2211 41.150 0.0077257420 2215 41.350 0.0019164090 2223 41.450 0.0000000000 2228 41.550 0.0026448960 2232 41.650 0.0059502490 2236 41.750 0.0037250340 2241 41.850 0.0061492850 2245 41.950 0.0075941460 2249 42.050 0.0087791150 2253 42.150 0.0031584590 2258 42.250 0.0074178130 2262 42.350 0.0051638020 2266 42.450 0.0037721540 2270 42.550 0.0038657790 2275 42.650 0.0054241210 2279 42.850 0.0121904280 2288 42.950 0.0437474680 2292 43.050 0.0071346230 2296 43.150 0.0033832760 2300 43.250 0.0046513880 2305 43.350 0.0015177000 2309 43.450 0.0042927180 2313 43.550 0.0050046680 2318 43.650 0.0117194920 2322 43.750 0.0022182910 2326 43.850 0.0083656530 2330 43.950 0.0069419770 2335 44.050 0.0210315800 2339 44.150 0.0117731130 2343 44.350 0.0043119720 2352 44.550 0.0152951920 2360 44.650 0.0283715080 2365 44.750 0.0295732260 2369 44.850 0.0013366930 2373 44.950 0.0062877680 2378 45.050 0.0060773360 2382 45.150 0.0103894400 2386 45.250 0.0086112760 2390 45.350 0.0095934930 2395 45.450 0.0050027790 2399 45.550 0.0045145300 2403 45.650 0.0209433880 2408 45.850 0.0145686050 2416 45.950 0.0030486330 2420 46.050 0.0113377580 2425 46.250 0.0109309530 2433 46.350 0.0085823740 2438 46.450 0.0080893010 2442 46.650 0.0173441200 2450 46.750 0.0208528000 2455 46.850 0.0396812980 2459 46.950 0.0500313580 2463 47.050 0.0304099970 2468 47.130 0.0078396230 2471 47.150 0.0160108350 2472 47.200 0.0436046730 2474 47.350 0.0065662780 2480 47.450 0.0198511950 2485 47.550 0.0360207070 2489 47.650 0.0000000000 2493 47.850 0.0367603760 2502 47.950 0.0231781460 2506 48.050 0.0074137450 2510 48.150 0.0000000000 2515 48.250 0.0000000000 2519 48.350 0.0070110260 2523 48.450 0.0058279660 2527 48.550 0.0099145630 2532 48.650 0.0232766310 2536 48.850 0.0112729650 2545 48.950 0.0067455910 2549 49.050 0.0000000000 2553 49.150 0.0109804220 2557 49.350 0.0239612580 2566 49.450 0.0242549460 2570 49.550 0.0339914570 2575 49.650 0.0383076520 2579 49.750 0.0000604364 2583 49.850 0.0310979170 2586 49.950 0.0369484270 2589 50.050 0.0522725270 2592 50.150 0.0243098310 2595 50.250 0.0726528480 2598 50.350 0.0000000000 2601 50.450 0.0627069640 2604 50.550 0.0358308360 2607 50.650 0.0105422090 2610 50.850 0.0134204360 2616 50.950 0.0083996290 2619 51.050 0.0437645150 2622 51.150 0.0285534710 2625 51.250 0.0338951720 2628 51.350 0.0124221940 2631 51.450 0.0117478010 2634 51.550 0.0178881150 2637 51.650 0.0319442330 2640 51.750 0.0321398210 2643 51.850 0.0514604040 2646 51.950 0.0388079350 2649 52.050 0.0676069300 2652 52.150 0.0374102300 2655 52.350 0.0057127380 2661 52.450 0.0054377560 2665 52.550 0.0067371440 2668 52.650 0.0088244590 2671 52.850 0.0177311690 2677 52.950 0.0395406430 2680 53.050 0.0322251000 2683 53.150 0.0611884040 2686 53.250 0.0424794000 2689 53.350 0.0472012660 2692 53.450 0.0479171260 2695 53.550 0.0536717460 2698 53.650 0.0103050670 2701 53.850 0.0643462590 2707 53.950 0.0385500540 2710 54.050 0.0272941780 2713 54.150 0.0248929800 2716 54.250 0.0193925790 2719 54.350 0.0274231740 2722 54.450 0.0266366750 2725 54.550 0.0559656310 2728 54.650 0.0311431490 2731 54.750 0.0102874940 2734 54.850 0.0402208680 2737 54.950 0.0295717000 2740 55.050 0.0162098370 2743 56.555 0.0527324730 2789 56.650 0.0439656770 2792 56.655 0.0739755710 2792 56.750 0.0777287410 2795 56.850 0.0520607220 2798 56.950 0.0840733580 2801 57.050 0.1476905140 2804 57.150 0.0973756000 2807 57.250 0.0745222390 2810 57.350 0.0297584240 2813 57.450 0.0245504310 2816 57.550 0.0397009340 2819 57.650 0.1035541250 2822 57.750 0.0497527230 2825 57.850 0.0595744320 2829 57.950 0.0363582560 2832 58.050 0.0284620340 2835 58.250 0.0137599770 2841 58.350 0.0127951980 2844 58.450 0.0289666840 2847 58.550 0.0309530420 2850 58.650 0.0540917950 2853 58.750 0.0413708060 2856 58.850 0.0385514720 2859 58.950 0.0188032350 2862 59.050 0.0157890290 2865 59.150 0.0126185140 2868 59.250 0.0462776320 2871 59.350 0.0453105850 2874 59.450 0.0327265390 2877 59.550 0.0195034820 2880 59.650 0.0179550490 2883 59.750 0.0098721520 2886 59.850 0.0120490220 2889 59.950 0.0154365770 2892 60.050 0.0141024750 2895 60.150 0.0000000000 2898 60.350 0.0179685550 2904 60.450 0.0241306360 2907 60.550 0.0107645200 2911 60.650 0.0218219350 2914 60.750 0.0212352240 2917 60.850 0.0089762400 2920 60.950 0.0064491540 2923 61.050 0.0153915740 2926 61.150 0.0739922920 2929 61.250 0.0040937190 2932 61.350 0.0044611590 2935 61.450 0.0000000000 2938 61.550 0.0086655220 2941 61.650 0.0475116350 2944 61.750 0.0605065380 2947 61.850 0.0057026280 2950 61.950 0.0087330320 2953 62.050 0.0336600770 2956 62.150 0.0231339040 2959 62.250 0.1123862370 2962 62.350 0.1285593510 2965 62.450 0.0289039540 2968 62.550 0.0163060770 2971 62.650 0.0196827690 2974 62.750 0.0386579290 2977 62.850 0.0349929960 2980 62.950 0.0097749660 2983 63.050 0.0285101240 2986 63.150 0.0327125210 2989 63.250 0.0498560540 2993 63.350 0.0392998090 2996 63.450 0.0162981360 2999 63.550 0.0084989590 3002 63.650 0.0121746470 3005 63.750 0.0065822580 3008 63.850 0.0073189680 3011 63.950 0.0049979090 3014 64.050 0.0000000000 3017 64.150 0.0312196800 3020 64.250 0.0026219590 3023 64.350 0.0136895870 3026 64.450 0.0105177430 3029 64.550 0.0059945520 3032 64.650 0.0370533400 3034 64.750 0.0318813950 3037 64.850 0.0087127070 3039 64.950 0.0116052560 3042 65.050 0.0249603350 3044 65.150 0.0207790740 3047 65.250 0.0115588940 3049 65.350 0.0644294170 3052 65.450 0.0554904250 3054 65.580 0.0574257900 3057 65.650 0.0382073230 3059 65.750 0.0385130170 3061 65.850 0.0676466290 3064 65.950 0.0845433910 3066 66.050 0.0665996580 3069 66.150 0.0328861870 3071 66.250 0.0649075200 3074 66.350 0.0318581100 3076 66.450 0.0643274660 3079 66.650 0.0069675790 3084 66.750 0.0098404980 3086 66.850 0.0039654860 3089 67.050 0.0000000000 3093 67.250 0.0085314750 3098 67.450 0.0000000000 3103 67.560 0.0000000000 3106 67.660 0.0150991300 3108 67.860 0.0109049270 3113 67.960 0.0347235630 3116 68.060 0.0122660870 3118 68.260 0.0035193400 3123 68.360 0.0072805530 3126 68.460 0.0016944430 3128 68.660 0.0073484940 3133 68.760 0.0000000000 3135 68.860 0.0062418510 3138 69.060 0.0058235800 3143 69.160 0.0109474580 3145 69.260 0.0000000000 3148 69.460 0.0192514980 3153 69.560 0.0094247160 3155 69.660 0.0098899930 3158 69.860 0.0340039360 3163 69.960 0.0337162940 3165 70.080 0.0142848250 3168 70.160 0.0248468740 3170 70.260 0.0178825890 3172 70.360 0.0069324830 3175 70.460 0.0209144630 3177 70.560 0.0056788450 3180 70.660 0.0054288300 3182 70.760 0.0177592810 3185 70.860 0.0000000000 3187 70.960 0.0604434710 3190 71.060 0.0361273790 3192 71.160 0.0054838110 3194 71.260 0.0244537760 3197 71.360 0.0077679040 3199 71.460 0.0072658020 3202 71.560 0.0149354570 3204 71.660 0.0000000000 3207 71.760 0.0345981800 3211 71.860 0.0304813870 3215 71.960 0.0067530620 3220 72.060 0.0009187610 3224 72.160 0.0020826680 3228 72.260 0.0029862010 3232 72.360 0.0000000000 3237 72.460 0.0137743900 3241 72.560 0.0123707030 3245 72.660 0.0120559040 3250 72.760 0.0146065580 3254 72.860 0.0156082420 3258 72.960 0.0206562230 3263 73.060 0.0225849900 3267 73.160 0.0101523870 3271 73.260 0.0369642130 3276 73.360 0.0311215550 3280 73.460 0.0347251880 3284 73.570 0.0180980180 3289 73.670 0.0222194270 3293 73.770 0.0143077080 3298 73.870 0.0137517530 3302 73.970 0.0202100740 3306 74.170 0.0025880750 3315 74.270 0.0000000000 3319 74.370 0.0574048660 3324 74.470 0.0018495170 3328 74.580 0.0133059070 3335 74.680 0.0000000000 3345 74.780 0.0000000000 3354 74.880 0.0000000000 3363 74.980 0.0064125220 3372 75.080 0.0091413820 3381 75.650 0.0103830960 3433 75.750 0.0152111440 3442 75.850 0.0191291140 3451 75.950 0.0262345570 3460 76.050 0.0082037620 3469 76.150 0.0138743680 3478 76.250 0.0234303740 3487 76.350 0.0088544160 3496 76.450 0.0062385650 3505 76.550 0.0097848690 3514 76.650 0.0030083310 3523 76.750 0.0016404140 3532 76.850 0.0065840710 3542 76.950 0.0167765620 3551 77.050 0.0163781280 3560 77.150 0.0066878200 3569 77.250 0.0076940940 3578 77.350 0.0093997020 3587 77.450 0.0060707690 3596 77.550 0.0000000000 3599 77.650 0.0510945980 3601 77.750 0.1302548580 3604 77.850 0.0211809390 3606 77.950 0.0112907190 3609 78.050 0.0095218740 3612 78.150 0.0105459560 3614 78.250 0.0133893890 3617 78.350 0.0034069580 3620 78.450 0.0056821060 3622 78.550 0.0205407010 3625 78.650 0.0681796000 3627 78.750 0.0060266740 3630 78.950 0.0221439800 3635 79.050 0.0037367970 3638 79.150 0.0076809860 3641 79.250 0.0021530010 3643 79.350 0.0017700760 3646 79.450 0.0075909240 3648 79.550 0.0000000000 3651 79.750 0.0000000000 3656 79.850 0.0042380710 3659 79.950 0.0037957860 3662 80.050 0.0014015220 3664 80.150 0.0176195600 3667 80.250 0.0077211920 3669 80.450 0.0688536100 3675 80.550 0.0000000000 3677 80.650 0.0021218440 3680 80.750 0.0219431460 3683 80.850 0.0209450980 3685 80.950 0.0140943460 3688 81.050 0.0126238430 3690 81.150 0.0112645440 3693 81.250 0.0200933400 3696 81.350 0.0104171150 3698 81.450 0.0320670750 3701 81.550 0.0000000000 3704 81.650 0.0341503980 3706 81.750 0.0000000000 3709 81.850 0.1227157070 3711 81.950 0.0476499030 3714 82.050 0.0313630860 3717 82.150 0.0000000000 3719 82.250 0.0000000000 3722 82.350 0.0020033340 3724 82.450 0.0088472010 3727 82.650 0.0127529560 3732 82.750 0.0000000000 3735 82.850 0.0026581260 3738 82.950 0.0037905790 3740 83.050 0.0303827830 3743 83.150 0.0087938730 3745 83.250 0.0173732030 3748 83.350 0.0136020220 3751 83.450 0.0106314560 3753 83.550 0.2345495700 3756 83.650 0.0000000000 3759 83.750 0.0045385720 3761 83.950 0.0053093500 3766 84.050 0.0000000000 3769 84.150 0.0000000000 3772 84.250 0.0093821360 3774 84.350 0.0265072410 3777 84.450 0.0439348500 3780 84.550 0.0748383330 3782 84.650 0.0654745180 3785 84.750 0.0782378690 3787 85.050 0.0000000000 3795 85.150 0.0000000000 3798 85.250 0.0000000000 3801 85.350 0.0024169320 3803 85.450 0.0230013960 3806 85.550 0.0288655530 3808 85.650 0.0101475240 3811 85.750 0.0129801470 3814 85.850 0.0124717710 3816 85.950 0.0407535210 3819 86.050 0.0257469650 3821 86.150 0.0488037260 3824 86.250 0.0045190500 3827 86.350 0.0231718790 3829 86.450 0.0055139710 3832 86.550 0.0571122810 3835 86.650 0.0048103660 3837 86.750 0.0066445340 3840 86.850 0.0061778030 3842 86.950 0.0070655070 3845 87.050 0.0064827670 3848 87.150 0.0000000000 3850 87.250 0.0000000000 3853 87.350 0.0000000000 3856 87.450 0.0089099600 3858 87.550 0.0048130100 3861 87.750 0.0000000000 3866 87.850 0.0136021990 3869 87.950 0.0000000000 3871 88.050 0.0168266330 3874 88.150 0.0279971550 3877 88.250 0.0452930310 3879 88.350 0.0780426310 3882 88.450 0.0239616690 3884 88.550 0.0129045400 3887 88.650 0.0439333740 3890 88.750 0.0000000000 3892 88.850 0.0201526180 3895 88.950 0.0305832280 3898 89.150 0.0027640710 3903 89.250 0.0000000000 3905 89.350 0.0321726720 3908 89.450 0.0045494940 3911 89.550 0.0000000000 3913 89.650 0.0026053080 3916 89.750 0.0000000000 3919 89.850 0.0000000000 3921 89.950 0.0000000000 3924 90.050 0.0100976760 3926 90.150 0.0000000000 3929 90.250 0.0000000000 3932 90.350 0.0000000000 3934 90.450 0.0000000000 3937 90.550 0.0034409200 3939 90.650 0.0000000000 3942 90.750 0.0089839730 3945 90.850 0.0238916870 3947 90.950 0.0107532300 3950 91.050 0.0053718430 3953 91.150 0.0139852320 3955 91.250 0.0101201800 3958 91.350 0.0109726490 3960 91.450 0.0241866150 3963 91.550 0.0126211140 3966 91.650 0.0262371220 3968 91.750 0.0245958800 3971 91.850 0.0253422110 3974 91.950 0.0495666490 3976 92.050 0.0966079160 3979 92.150 0.0168120930 3981 92.250 0.0250916710 3984 92.350 0.0199272960 3987 92.450 0.0240356270 3989 92.550 0.0146327940 3992 92.650 0.0192157500 3995 92.750 0.0060409470 3997 92.950 0.0205768650 4002 93.050 0.0286424910 4005 93.250 0.0696294880 4010 93.350 0.0305379240 4013 93.450 0.0039181760 4016 93.550 0.0070472020 4018 93.750 0.0317316510 4023 93.850 0.0046125860 4026 93.950 0.0086808350 4029 94.050 0.0109404860 4031 94.150 0.0037790640 4034 94.250 0.0064402900 4036 94.350 0.0096412710 4039 94.450 0.0198430530 4042 94.550 0.0314135610 4044 94.570 0.0159761620 4045 94.650 0.0100793190 4047 94.670 0.0189274810 4048 94.750 0.0423756310 4050 94.800 0.0197886980 4051 94.850 0.0081081030 4052 94.900 0.0071084180 4054 94.950 0.0410099680 4055 95.050 0.0579352980 4057 95.150 0.0369932090 4060 95.250 0.0222620830 4063 95.350 0.0083044760 4065 95.450 0.0166231480 4068 95.550 0.0114298120 4071 95.650 0.0050976490 4073 95.750 0.0017749260 4076 95.850 0.0000000000 4078 95.950 0.0084720220 4081 96.050 0.0041271830 4084 96.150 0.0187717730 4086 96.250 0.0053777130 4089 96.350 0.0000000000 4092 96.450 0.0188324770 4094 96.550 0.0134544110 4097 96.650 0.0158734010 4099 96.750 0.0097365500 4102 96.850 0.0119825020 4105 96.950 0.0096842390 4107 97.050 0.0249544000 4110 97.150 0.0018102930 4113 97.250 0.0000000000 4115 97.450 0.0074802550 4120 97.550 0.0015267360 4123 97.650 0.0033937680 4126 97.750 0.0050601800 4128 97.850 0.0032114790 4131 97.950 0.0050391690 4134 98.050 0.0086442250 4136 98.150 0.0011110610 4139 98.250 0.0244937380 4141 98.350 0.0000000000 4144 98.450 0.0885601030 4147 98.550 0.0486058790 4149 98.650 0.0333332100 4152 98.750 0.0187998420 4154 98.850 0.0047548100 4157 98.950 0.0237376040 4160 99.050 0.0122951850 4162 99.150 0.0053488360 4165 99.250 0.0177729590 4168 99.350 0.0035995960 4170 99.450 0.0055973580 4173 99.550 0.0092747780 4175 99.650 0.0260371170 4178 99.750 0.0136571770 4181 99.850 0.0286062330 4183 99.950 0.0341301940 4186 100.050 0.0153227780 4190 100.150 0.0106956640 4194 100.250 0.0089991540 4199 100.350 0.0356620190 4203 100.450 0.0216468930 4208 100.550 0.0653739350 4213 100.650 0.0553336830 4217 100.750 0.0113351480 4222 100.850 0.0359195130 4226 100.950 0.0563747900 4231 101.050 0.0266481860 4236 101.150 0.0208750150 4240 101.250 0.0311526610 4245 101.350 0.0136906200 4249 101.450 0.0426167100 4254 101.550 0.0392688680 4258 101.650 0.0276314240 4263 101.750 0.0014238570 4268 101.850 0.0141530590 4272 101.950 0.0046061260 4277 102.050 0.0091821420 4281 102.150 0.0187727820 4286 102.250 0.0319415230 4291 102.350 0.0206707010 4295 102.450 0.0152114760 4300 102.550 0.0178494240 4304 102.650 0.0203436300 4309 102.750 0.0147813180 4313 102.850 0.0106197580 4318 102.950 0.0120319320 4323 103.050 0.0145963740 4327 103.150 0.0106960630 4332 103.250 0.0149167670 4336 103.350 0.0273738310 4341 103.450 0.0344218680 4346 103.550 0.0221540640 4350 103.650 0.0136856050 4355 103.780 0.0139587660 4361 103.880 0.0266014640 4365 103.980 0.0127461200 4370 104.080 0.0208073290 4374 104.120 0.0281608980 4376 104.180 0.0266598310 4379