Citation:

bio.20147922

Name: Coral calcification under daily oxygen saturation and pH dynamics reveals the important role of oxygen
Published: 2014-10-17
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Acropora millepora; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Other; Oxygen; Single species; South Pacific

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Abstract:

Coral reefs are essential to many nations, and are currently in global decline. Although climate models predict decreases in seawater pH (0.3 units) and oxygen saturation (5 percentage points), these are exceeded by the current daily pH and oxygen fluctuations on many reefs (pH 7.8-8.7 and 27-241% O2 saturation). We investigated the effect of oxygen and pH fluctuations on coral calcification in the laboratory using the model species Acropora millepora. Light calcification rates were greatly enhanced (+178%) by increased seawater pH, but only at normoxia; hyperoxia completely negated this positive effect. Dark calcification rates were significantly inhibited (51-75%) at hypoxia, whereas pH had no effect. Our preliminary results suggest that within the current oxygen and pH range, oxygen has substantial control over coral growth, whereas the role of pH is limited. This has implications for reef formation in this era of rapid climate change, which is accompanied by a decrease in seawater oxygen saturation owing to higher water temperatures and coastal eutrophication.

Keyword(s):

Acropora millepora; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Other; Oxygen; Single species; South Pacific

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-10-17.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Wijgerde, Tim
2	Oxygen saturation	O2 sat	%	Wijgerde, Tim		treatment
3	pH	pH		Wijgerde, Tim		treatment
4	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	mg/g/h	Wijgerde, Tim		per buoyant weight
5	Irradiance	E	µmol/m²/s	Wijgerde, Tim
6	Oxygen saturation	O2 sat	%	Wijgerde, Tim
7	Oxygen, standard deviation	O2 std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim
8	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Wijgerde, Tim
9	Oxygen, standard deviation	O2 std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Wijgerde, Tim
11	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim
12	pH	pH		Wijgerde, Tim	Potentiometric	total scale
13	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Potentiometric	total scale
14	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Wijgerde, Tim	Potentiometric titration
15	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Potentiometric titration
16	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Wijgerde, Tim	Potentiometric titration
17	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Potentiometric titration
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
20	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
21	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
22	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
23	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
24	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
25	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
26	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
27	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
28	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
29	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
30	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
31	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Wijgerde, Tim	Calculated
32	Salinity	Sal		Wijgerde, Tim
33	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1312 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 O2 sat [%] (treatment)	3 pH (treatment)	4 Calc rate CaCO3 [mg/g/h] (per buoyant weight)	5 E [µmol/m²/s]	6 O2 sat [%]	7 O2 std dev [±]	8 O2 [µmol/l]	9 O2 std dev [±]	10 Temp [°C]	11 Temp std dev [±]	12 pH (total scale, Potentiometric)	13 pH std dev [±] (total scale, Potentiometric)	14 AT [mmol(eq)/l] (Potentiometric titration)	15 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	16 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	17 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	18 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated)	19 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated)	20 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated)	21 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated)	22 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated)	23 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated)	24 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated)	25 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated)	26 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated)	27 DIC std dev [±] (Calculated)	28 Omega Arg (Calculated)	29 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated)	30 Omega Cal (Calculated)	31 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated)	32 Sal	33 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	39 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.1	0.0786832	232.00	103.61	1.98	222.11	4.25	25.91	0.07	8.10	0.01	2.38	0.01	2324.20	6.89	341.78	1.01	1688.38	5.01	262.59	0.78	9.43	0.03	1960.40	5.81	4.19	0.01	6.33	0.02	35	8	9.48	342.78	341.72	1727.47	243.18	1980.13	3.87	5.86
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.1	0.1078690	232.00	103.61	1.98	222.11	4.25	25.91	0.07	8.10	0.01	2.38	0.01	2324.20	6.89	341.78	1.01	1688.38	5.01	262.59	0.78	9.43	0.03	1960.40	5.81	4.19	0.01	6.33	0.02	35	8	9.48	342.78	341.72	1727.47	243.18	1980.13	3.87	5.86
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.1	0.1519239	232.00	103.61	1.98	222.11	4.25	25.91	0.07	8.10	0.01	2.38	0.01	2324.20	6.89	341.78	1.01	1688.38	5.01	262.59	0.78	9.43	0.03	1960.40	5.81	4.19	0.01	6.33	0.02	35	8	9.48	342.78	341.72	1727.47	243.18	1980.13	3.87	5.86
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.1	0.0919365	232.00	103.61	1.98	222.11	4.25	25.91	0.07	8.10	0.01	2.38	0.01	2324.20	6.89	341.78	1.01	1688.38	5.01	262.59	0.78	9.43	0.03	1960.40	5.81	4.19	0.01	6.33	0.02	35	8	9.48	342.78	341.72	1727.47	243.18	1980.13	3.87	5.86
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.4	0.2765498	232.00	104.62	1.07	224.27	2.30	26.15	0.07	8.39	0.00	2.42	0.02	2361.19	21.57	136.51	1.25	1345.54	12.29	417.54	3.81	3.77	0.03	1766.85	16.14	6.66	0.06	10.07	0.09	35	8	3.94	143.15	142.71	1404.74	388.98	1797.66	6.20	9.38
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.4	0.3344206	232.00	104.62	1.07	224.27	2.30	26.15	0.07	8.39	0.00	2.42	0.02	2361.19	21.57	136.51	1.25	1345.54	12.29	417.54	3.81	3.77	0.03	1766.85	16.14	6.66	0.06	10.07	0.09	35	8	3.94	143.15	142.71	1404.74	388.98	1797.66	6.20	9.38
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.4	0.2831693	232.00	104.62	1.07	224.27	2.30	26.15	0.07	8.39	0.00	2.42	0.02	2361.19	21.57	136.51	1.25	1345.54	12.29	417.54	3.81	3.77	0.03	1766.85	16.14	6.66	0.06	10.07	0.09	35	8	3.94	143.15	142.71	1404.74	388.98	1797.66	6.20	9.38
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.4	0.3043813	232.00	104.62	1.07	224.27	2.30	26.15	0.07	8.39	0.00	2.42	0.02	2361.19	21.57	136.51	1.25	1345.54	12.29	417.54	3.81	3.77	0.03	1766.85	16.14	6.66	0.06	10.07	0.09	35	8	3.94	143.15	142.71	1404.74	388.98	1797.66	6.20	9.38
Acropora millepora (coral)	170	8.1	0.0609932	232.00	170.07	0.62	364.58	1.33	26.15	0.09	8.09	0.00	2.39	0.01	2331.24	9.45	342.86	1.39	1693.72	6.87	263.42	1.07	9.46	0.04	1966.60	7.97	4.20	0.02	6.35	0.03	35	8	9.73	353.67	352.58	1739.38	241.39	1990.50	3.85	5.82
Acropora millepora (coral)	170	8.1	0.1745152	232.00	170.07	0.62	364.58	1.33	26.15	0.09	8.09	0.00	2.39	0.01	2331.24	9.45	342.86	1.39	1693.72	6.87	263.42	1.07	9.46	0.04	1966.60	7.97	4.20	0.02	6.35	0.03	35	8	9.73	353.67	352.58	1739.38	241.39	1990.50	3.85	5.82
Acropora millepora (coral)	170	8.1	0.1481396	232.00	170.07	0.62	364.58	1.33	26.15	0.09	8.09	0.00	2.39	0.01	2331.24	9.45	342.86	1.39	1693.72	6.87	263.42	1.07	9.46	0.04	1966.60	7.97	4.20	0.02	6.35	0.03	35	8	9.73	353.67	352.58	1739.38	241.39	1990.50	3.85	5.82
Acropora millepora (coral)	170	8.1	0.0956328	232.00	170.07	0.62	364.58	1.33	26.15	0.09	8.09	0.00	2.39	0.01	2331.24	9.45	342.86	1.39	1693.72	6.87	263.42	1.07	9.46	0.04	1966.60	7.97	4.20	0.02	6.35	0.03	35	8	9.73	353.67	352.58	1739.38	241.39	1990.50	3.85	5.82
Acropora millepora (coral)	170	8.4	0.0273663	232.00	170.05	1.26	364.54	2.70	26.12	0.09	8.39	0.00	2.44	0.01	2383.79	14.48	137.93	0.84	1359.49	8.26	421.87	2.56	3.81	0.02	1785.16	10.84	6.73	0.04	10.17	0.06	35	8	3.98	144.68	144.23	1419.92	392.75	1816.65	6.26	9.47
Acropora millepora (coral)	170	8.4	0.1601239	232.00	170.05	1.26	364.54	2.70	26.12	0.09	8.39	0.00	2.44	0.01	2383.79	14.48	137.93	0.84	1359.49	8.26	421.87	2.56	3.81	0.02	1785.16	10.84	6.73	0.04	10.17	0.06	35	8	3.98	144.68	144.23	1419.92	392.75	1816.65	6.26	9.47
Acropora millepora (coral)	170	8.4	0.0816627	232.00	170.05	1.26	364.54	2.70	26.12	0.09	8.39	0.00	2.44	0.01	2383.79	14.48	137.93	0.84	1359.49	8.26	421.87	2.56	3.81	0.02	1785.16	10.84	6.73	0.04	10.17	0.06	35	8	3.98	144.68	144.23	1419.92	392.75	1816.65	6.26	9.47
Acropora millepora (coral)	170	8.4	0.2139013	232.00	170.05	1.26	364.54	2.70	26.12	0.09	8.39	0.00	2.44	0.01	2383.79	14.48	137.93	0.84	1359.49	8.26	421.87	2.56	3.81	0.02	1785.16	10.84	6.73	0.04	10.17	0.06	35	8	3.98	144.68	144.23	1419.92	392.75	1816.65	6.26	9.47
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.1	0.2182260	0.11	107.27	0.33	229.95	0.71	25.78	0.08	8.10	0.01	2.41	0.01	2350.79	6.48	351.10	0.97	1718.22	4.74	260.97	0.72	9.69	0.03	1988.88	5.49	4.16	0.01	6.29	0.02	35	8	9.63	347.06	345.98	1750.32	245.23	2005.18	3.90	5.91
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.1	0.1467620	0.11	107.27	0.33	229.95	0.71	25.78	0.08	8.10	0.01	2.41	0.01	2350.79	6.48	351.10	0.97	1718.22	4.74	260.97	0.72	9.69	0.03	1988.88	5.49	4.16	0.01	6.29	0.02	35	8	9.63	347.06	345.98	1750.32	245.23	2005.18	3.90	5.91
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.1	0.1902450	0.11	107.27	0.33	229.95	0.71	25.78	0.08	8.10	0.01	2.41	0.01	2350.79	6.48	351.10	0.97	1718.22	4.74	260.97	0.72	9.69	0.03	1988.88	5.49	4.16	0.01	6.29	0.02	35	8	9.63	347.06	345.98	1750.32	245.23	2005.18	3.90	5.91
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	8.1	0.1850770	0.11	107.27	0.33	229.95	0.71	25.78	0.08	8.10	0.01	2.41	0.01	2350.79	6.48	351.10	0.97	1718.22	4.74	260.97	0.72	9.69	0.03	1988.88	5.49	4.16	0.01	6.29	0.02	35	8	9.63	347.06	345.98	1750.32	245.23	2005.18	3.90	5.91
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	7.8	0.1680450	0.11	104.20	0.95	223.39	2.05	25.97	0.09	7.80	0.00	2.39	0.01	2335.73	5.51	804.30	1.90	1972.74	4.66	150.17	0.35	22.20	0.05	2145.11	5.06	2.39	0.01	3.62	0.01	35	8	21.79	788.77	786.31	1991.54	140.82	2154.15	2.24	3.39
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	7.8	0.1953470	0.11	104.20	0.95	223.39	2.05	25.97	0.09	7.80	0.00	2.39	0.01	2335.73	5.51	804.30	1.90	1972.74	4.66	150.17	0.35	22.20	0.05	2145.11	5.06	2.39	0.01	3.62	0.01	35	8	21.79	788.77	786.31	1991.54	140.82	2154.15	2.24	3.39
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	7.8	0.1244120	0.11	104.20	0.95	223.39	2.05	25.97	0.09	7.80	0.00	2.39	0.01	2335.73	5.51	804.30	1.90	1972.74	4.66	150.17	0.35	22.20	0.05	2145.11	5.06	2.39	0.01	3.62	0.01	35	8	21.79	788.77	786.31	1991.54	140.82	2154.15	2.24	3.39
Acropora millepora (coral)	100	7.8	0.1835880	0.11	104.20	0.95	223.39	2.05	25.97	0.09	7.80	0.00	2.39	0.01	2335.73	5.51	804.30	1.90	1972.74	4.66	150.17	0.35	22.20	0.05	2145.11	5.06	2.39	0.01	3.62	0.01	35	8	21.79	788.77	786.31	1991.54	140.82	2154.15	2.24	3.39
Acropora millepora (coral)	30	8.1	0.0258690	0.11	30.75	2.03	65.91	4.35	25.93	0.05	8.08	0.00	2.41	0.01	2359.78	7.52	347.27	1.11	1715.54	5.47	266.81	0.85	9.59	0.03	1991.93	6.35	4.25	0.01	6.43	0.02	35	8	10.20	368.96	367.81	1775.50	238.87	2024.57	3.81	5.76
Acropora millepora (coral)	30	8.1	0.0336110	0.11	30.75	2.03	65.91	4.35	25.93	0.05	8.08	0.00	2.41	0.01	2359.78	7.52	347.27	1.11	1715.54	5.47	266.81	0.85	9.59	0.03	1991.93	6.35	4.25	0.01	6.43	0.02	35	8	10.20	368.96	367.81	1775.50	238.87	2024.57	3.81	5.76
Acropora millepora (coral)	30	8.1	0.1978440	0.11	30.75	2.03	65.91	4.35	25.93	0.05	8.08	0.00	2.41	0.01	2359.78	7.52	347.27	1.11	1715.54	5.47	266.81	0.85	9.59	0.03	1991.93	6.35	4.25	0.01	6.43	0.02	35	8	10.20	368.96	367.81	1775.50	238.87	2024.57	3.81	5.76
Acropora millepora (coral)	30	8.1	0.1024130	0.11	30.75	2.03	65.91	4.35	25.93	0.05	8.08	0.00	2.41	0.01	2359.78	7.52	347.27	1.11	1715.54	5.47	266.81	0.85	9.59	0.03	1991.93	6.35	4.25	0.01	6.43	0.02	35	8	10.20	368.96	367.81	1775.50	238.87	2024.57	3.81	5.76
Acropora millepora (coral)	30	7.8	0.0601110	0.11	29.68	1.16	63.62	2.48	25.92	0.07	7.81	0.01	2.39	0.00	2333.19	3.59	793.40	1.22	1964.34	3.02	153.12	0.24	21.90	0.03	2139.36	3.29	2.44	0.00	3.69	0.01	35	8	21.22	767.30	764.91	1983.02	143.22	2147.46	2.28	3.45
Acropora millepora (coral)	30	7.8	0.0184750	0.11	29.68	1.16	63.62	2.48	25.92	0.07	7.81	0.01	2.39	0.00	2333.19	3.59	793.40	1.22	1964.34	3.02	153.12	0.24	21.90	0.03	2139.36	3.29	2.44	0.00	3.69	0.01	35	8	21.22	767.30	764.91	1983.02	143.22	2147.46	2.28	3.45
Acropora millepora (coral)	30	7.8	0.0936170	0.11	29.68	1.16	63.62	2.48	25.92	0.07	7.81	0.01	2.39	0.00	2333.19	3.59	793.40	1.22	1964.34	3.02	153.12	0.24	21.90	0.03	2139.36	3.29	2.44	0.00	3.69	0.01	35	8	21.22	767.30	764.91	1983.02	143.22	2147.46	2.28	3.45
Acropora millepora (coral)	30	7.8	-0.0051650	0.11	29.68	1.16	63.62	2.48	25.92	0.07	7.81	0.01	2.39	0.00	2333.19	3.59	793.40	1.22	1964.34	3.02	153.12	0.24	21.90	0.03	2139.36	3.29	2.44	0.00	3.69	0.01	35	8	21.22	767.30	764.91	1983.02	143.22	2147.46	2.28	3.45