Citation:

journal.pone.0086984

Name: The response of Antarctic sea ice algae to changes in pH and CO2
Published: 2014-09-29
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Growth/Morphology; Pelagos; Polar; Primary production/Photosynthesis

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS Citation BibTeX Citation Text Citation Facebook TwitterShow Map Google Earth

Abstract:

Ocean acidification substantially alters ocean carbon chemistry and hence pH but the effects on sea ice formation and the CO2 concentration in the enclosed brine channels are unknown. Microbial communities inhabiting sea ice ecosystems currently contribute 10-50% of the annual primary production of polar seas, supporting overwintering zooplankton species, especially Antarctic krill, and seeding spring phytoplankton blooms. Ocean acidification is occurring in all surface waters but the strongest effects will be experienced in polar ecosystems with significant effects on all trophic levels. Brine algae collected from McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) sea ice was incubated in situ under various carbonate chemistry conditions. The carbon chemistry was manipulated with acid, bicarbonate and bases to produce a pCO2 and pH range from 238 to 6066 µatm and 7.19 to 8.66, respectively. Elevated pCO2 positively affected the growth rate of the brine algal community, dominated by the unique ice dinoflagellate, Polarella glacialis. Growth rates were significantly reduced when pH dropped below 7.6. However, when the pH was held constant and the pCO2 increased, growth rates of the brine algae increased by more than 20% and showed no decline at pCO2 values more than five times current ambient levels. We suggest that projected increases in seawater pCO2, associated with OA, will not adversely impact brine algal communities.

Keyword(s):

Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Growth/Morphology; Pelagos; Polar; Primary production/Photosynthesis

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -77.633330 * Longitude: 166.400000

Date/Time Start: 2012-11-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2012-11-30T00:00:00

Event(s):

McMurdo_Sound_OA * Latitude: -77.633330 * Longitude: 166.400000 * Date/Time Start: 2012-11-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2012-11-30T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-09-29.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		McMinn, Andrew
2	Experiment	Exp		McMinn, Andrew
3	pH	pH		McMinn, Andrew		mean, total scale
4	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	McMinn, Andrew		mean
5	Growth rate	µ	1/day	McMinn, Andrew		changes in chl-a
6	Growth rate, standard deviation	µ std dev	±	McMinn, Andrew		changes in chl-a
7	Growth rate	µ	1/day	McMinn, Andrew		changes in biovolume
8	Growth rate, standard deviation	µ std dev	±	McMinn, Andrew		changes in biovolume
9	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II	Fv/Fm		McMinn, Andrew
10	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, standard deviation	Fv/Fm std dev	±	McMinn, Andrew
11	Salinity	Sal		McMinn, Andrew
12	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	McMinn, Andrew
13	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	McMinn, Andrew	Coulometric titration	one day after manipulation
14	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	McMinn, Andrew	Coulometric titration	one day after manipulation
15	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	McMinn, Andrew	Potentiometric titration	one day after manipulation
16	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	McMinn, Andrew	Potentiometric titration	one day after manipulation
17	pH	pH		McMinn, Andrew	Calculated using CO2SYS	one day after manipulation, total scale
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	McMinn, Andrew	Calculated using CO2SYS	one day after manipulation
19	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	McMinn, Andrew	Calculated using CO2SYS	one day after manipulation
20	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	McMinn, Andrew	Calculated using CO2SYS	one day after manipulation
21	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	McMinn, Andrew	Coulometric titration	end of experiment
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	McMinn, Andrew	Coulometric titration	end of experiment
23	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	McMinn, Andrew	Potentiometric titration	end of experiment
24	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	McMinn, Andrew	Potentiometric titration	end of experiment
25	pH	pH		McMinn, Andrew	Calculated using CO2SYS	end of experiment, total scale
26	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	McMinn, Andrew	Calculated using CO2SYS	end of experiment
27	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	McMinn, Andrew	Calculated using CO2SYS	end of experiment
28	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	McMinn, Andrew	Calculated using CO2SYS	end of experiment
29	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	one day after manipulation, total scale
31	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	one day after manipulation
32	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	one day after manipulation
33	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	one day after manipulation
34	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	one day after manipulation
35	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	one day after manipulation
36	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	one day after manipulation
37	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	one day after manipulation
38	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end of experiment, total scale
39	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end of experiment
40	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end of experiment
41	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end of experiment
42	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end of experiment
43	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end of experiment
44	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end of experiment
45	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end of experiment

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

747 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Exp	3 pH (mean, total scale)	4 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (mean)	5 µ [1/day] (changes in chl-a)	6 µ std dev [±] (changes in chl-a)	7 µ [1/day] (changes in biovolume)	8 µ std dev [±] (changes in biovolume)	9 Fv/Fm	10 Fv/Fm std dev [±]	11 Sal	12 Temp [°C]	13 DIC [µmol/kg] (one day after manipulation, C...)	14 DIC std dev [±] (one day after manipulation, C...)	15 AT [µmol/kg] (one day after manipulation, P...)	16 AT std dev [±] (one day after manipulation, P...)	17 pH (one day after manipulation, t...)	18 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (one day after manipulation, C...)	19 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (one day after manipulation, C...)	20 CO2 [µmol/kg] (one day after manipulation, C...)	21 DIC [µmol/kg] (end of experiment, Coulometri...)	22 DIC std dev [±] (end of experiment, Coulometri...)	23 AT [µmol/kg] (end of experiment, Potentiome...)	24 AT std dev [±] (end of experiment, Potentiome...)	25 pH (end of experiment, total scal...)	26 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (end of experiment, Calculated...)	27 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (end of experiment, Calculated...)	28 CO2 [µmol/kg] (end of experiment, Calculated...)	29 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 pH (one day after manipulation, t...)	31 CO2 [µmol/kg] (one day after manipulation, C...)	32 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (one day after manipulation, C...)	33 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (one day after manipulation, C...)	34 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (one day after manipulation, C...)	35 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (one day after manipulation, C...)	36 Omega Arg (one day after manipulation, C...)	37 Omega Cal (one day after manipulation, C...)	38 pH (end of experiment, total scal...)	39 CO2 [µmol/kg] (end of experiment, Calculated...)	40 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (end of experiment, Calculated...)	41 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (end of experiment, Calculated...)	42 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (end of experiment, Calculated...)	43 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (end of experiment, Calculated...)	44 Omega Arg (end of experiment, Calculated...)	45 Omega Cal (end of experiment, Calculated...)
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	7.90	1436	0.1474	0.0069	0.074	0.005			65	-3.0	3766	13	3721	8	7.56	2417	60	142	3478	198	3855	23	8.24	455	257	27	15	7.53	148.10	2517.41	2506.04	3548.77	69.13	0.71	1.25	8.18	29.74	505.58	503.29	3173.05	275.21	2.84	4.99
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	8.66	176	0.1363	0.0071	0.085	0.018			65	-3.0	3769	44	4505	7	8.53	238	507	14	3746	5	4916	23	8.79	117	826	7	15	8.46	15.79	268.33	267.11	3219.41	533.80	5.52	9.68	8.72	7.87	133.73	133.13	2880.62	857.51	8.86	15.55
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	8.39	336	0.1588	0.0057	0.094	0.019			65	-3.0	3727	5	4293	7	8.40	325	388	19	3701	13	4232	10	8.37	346	364	20	15	8.34	21.46	364.73	363.09	3294.34	411.20	4.25	7.46	8.31	22.83	388.06	386.31	3292.19	385.98	3.99	7.00
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	7.59	2234	0.1385	0.0043	0.070	0.012			65	-3.0	3618	16	3531	52	7.47	2806	47	165	3550	95	3580	5	7.70	1662	78	98	15	7.45	170.36	2895.78	2882.70	3392.71	54.93	0.57	1.00	7.67	103.66	1762.12	1754.16	3357.91	88.43	0.91	1.60
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	7.19	5096	0.0946	0.0009	0.044	0.002			65	-3.0	3518	30	3194	4	7.11	6066	19	357	3383	54	3187	27	7.27	4123	27	243	15	7.10	358.95	6101.54	6073.98	3136.76	22.29	0.23	0.40	7.26	246.07	4182.83	4163.94	3105.07	31.85	0.33	0.58
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 2 keeping pH constant	8.09	505	0.1792	0.0094	0.268	0.015			54	-2.5	2999	0	3191	0	8.02	587	146	35	2934	8	3201	2	8.15	423	188	25	15	8.01	36.20	587.35	584.71	2811.86	150.94	1.92	3.14	8.14	26.21	425.27	423.36	2713.64	194.15	2.47	4.04
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 2 keeping pH constant	8.03	1100	0.2060	0.0103	0.375	0.051			54	-2.5	5785	0	6052	0	7.99	1216	263	72	5689	26	6031	3	8.07	983	310	58	15	7.98	75.60	1226.66	1221.15	5438.99	270.41	3.44	5.63	8.06	61.23	993.53	989.08	5309.61	318.16	4.05	6.63
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 2 keeping pH constant	8.00	1781	0.2169	0.0108	0.366	0.093			54	-2.5	8635	0	8978	0	7.98	1879	380	111	8554	18	8949	25	8.02	1682	413	100	15	7.97	117.03	1898.95	1890.43	8127.89	390.08	4.96	8.13	8.01	105.00	1703.77	1696.12	8025.16	423.84	5.39	8.83
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 2 keeping pH constant	7.98	2478	0.2161	0.0121	0.349	0.032			54	-2.5	11396	0	11830	0	7.98	2464	504	146	11300	66	11830	21	7.97	2491	491	148	15	7.97	153.64	2492.92	2481.73	10725.00	517.36	6.58	10.78	8.03	132.65	2152.36	2142.70	10583.81	583.55	7.42	12.16
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	7.90						0.4905	0.0726	65	-3.0	3766	13	3721	8	7.56	2417	60	142	3478	198	3855	23	8.24	455	257	27	15	7.53	148.10	2517.41	2506.04	3548.77	69.13	0.71	1.25	8.18	29.74	505.58	503.29	3173.05	275.21	2.84	4.99
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	8.66						0.5683	0.0922	65	-3.0	3769	44	4505	7	8.53	238	507	14	3746	5	4916	23	8.79	117	826	7	15	8.46	15.79	268.33	267.11	3219.41	533.80	5.52	9.68	8.72	7.87	133.73	133.13	2880.62	857.51	8.86	15.55
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	8.39						0.5037	0.0796	65	-3.0	3727	5	4293	7	8.40	325	388	19	3701	13	4232	10	8.37	346	364	20	15	8.34	21.46	364.73	363.09	3294.34	411.20	4.25	7.46	8.31	22.83	388.06	386.31	3292.19	385.98	3.99	7.00
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	7.59						0.4497	0.1177	65	-3.0	3618	16	3531	52	7.47	2806	47	165	3550	95	3580	5	7.70	1662	78	98	15	7.45	170.36	2895.78	2882.70	3392.71	54.93	0.57	1.00	7.67	103.66	1762.12	1754.16	3357.91	88.43	0.91	1.60
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 1 varying pH and CO2	7.19						0.2980	0.1471	65	-3.0	3518	30	3194	4	7.11	6066	19	357	3383	54	3187	27	7.27	4123	27	243	15	7.10	358.95	6101.54	6073.98	3136.76	22.29	0.23	0.40	7.26	246.07	4182.83	4163.94	3105.07	31.85	0.33	0.58
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 2 keeping pH constant		505					0.3553	0.0231	54	-2.5	2999	0	3191	0	8.02	587	146	35	2934	8	3201	2	8.15	423	188	25	15	8.01	36.20	587.35	584.71	2811.86	150.94	1.92	3.14	8.14	26.21	425.27	423.36	2713.64	194.15	2.47	4.04
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 2 keeping pH constant		1100					0.3440	0.0224	54	-2.5	5785	0	6052	0	7.99	1216	263	72	5689	26	6031	3	8.07	983	310	58	15	7.98	75.60	1226.66	1221.15	5438.99	270.41	3.44	5.63	8.06	61.23	993.53	989.08	5309.61	318.16	4.05	6.63
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 2 keeping pH constant		1781					0.3768	0.0198	54	-2.5	8635	0	8978	0	7.98	1879	380	111	8554	18	8949	25	8.02	1682	413	100	15	7.97	117.03	1898.95	1890.43	8127.89	390.08	4.96	8.13	8.01	105.00	1703.77	1696.12	8025.16	423.84	5.39	8.83
Brine algae (phytoplankton)	Experiment 2 keeping pH constant		2478					0.3818	0.0245	54	-2.5	11396	0	11830	0	7.98	2464	504	146	11300	66	11830	21	7.97	2491	491	148	15	7.97	153.64	2492.92	2481.73	10725.00	517.36	6.58	10.78	8.03	132.65	2152.36	2142.70	10583.81	583.55	7.42	12.16