Badger, Marcus P S; Schmidt, Daniela N; Mackensen, Andreas; Pancost, Richard D (2013): Alkenone stable carbon isotopes, planktic foraminfera stable carbon isotopes, alkenone unsaturation indices and calculated sea surface temperatures and atmospheric pCO2 for ODP Site 165-999 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.836116, Supplement to: Badger, MPS et al. (2013): High-resolution alkenone palaeobarometry indicates relatively stable pCO2 during the Pliocene (3.3-2.8 Ma). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 371(2001), 20130094, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0094
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Abstract:
Temperature reconstructions indicate that the Pliocene was ~3 °C warmer globally than today, and several recent reconstructions of Pliocene atmospheric CO2 indicate that it was above pre-industrial levels and similar to those likely to be seen this century. However, many of these reconstructions have been of relatively low temporal resolution, meaning that these records may have failed to capture variations associated with the 41 Kyr glacial-interglacial cycles thought to operate in the Pliocene. Here we present a new, high temporal resolution alkenone carbon isotope based record of pCO2 spanning 2.8 to 3.3 million years ago from ODP Site 999. Our record is of high enough resolution (~19 Kyrs) to resolve glacial-interglacial changes beyond the intrinsic uncertainty of the proxy method. The record suggests that Pliocene CO2 levels were relatively stable, exhibiting variation less than 55 ppm. We perform sensitivity studies to investigate the possible effect of changing sea surface temperature, which highlights the importance of accurate and precise SST reconstructions for alkenone palaeobarometry, but demonstrate that these uncertainties do not affect our conclusions of relatively stable pCO2 levels during this interval.
Project(s):
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)
Coverage:
Latitude: 12.744000 * Longitude: -78.739300
Date/Time Start: 1996-01-10T19:30:00 * Date/Time End: 1996-01-14T23:15:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 91.580 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 105.195 m
Event(s):
165-999A * Latitude: 12.744000 * Longitude: -78.739300 * Date/Time Start: 1996-01-10T19:30:00 * Date/Time End: 1996-01-14T23:15:00 * Elevation: -2828.0 m * Penetration: 566.1 m * Recovery: 534.83 m * Location: Caribbean Sea * Campaign: Leg165 * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 61 core; 566.1 m cored; 0 m drilled; 94.5 % recovery
Parameter(s):
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
535 data points
Data
| 1 Sample label | 2 Depth sed [m] | 3 Age [ka BP] | 4 G. ruber δ13C [‰ PDB] | 5 UK'37 | 6 SST (1-12) [°C] | 7 C37:2 δ13C [‰ PDB] | 8 δ13C carb [‰ PDB] | 9 SST (1-12) [°C] (original values in [k], recal...) | 10 ε [‰] (between calcite and aqueous C...) | 11 ε [‰] (between aqueous and gaseous C...) | 12 H | 13 δ13C biom [‰ PDB] | 14 δ13C CO2(g) [‰ PDB] | 15 δ13C CO2 aq [‰] | 16 εp [‰] | 17 CO2 in [ppmv] | 18 pCO2 [ppmv] | 19 pCO2 std dev [±] (-) | 20 pCO2 std dev [±] (+) | 21 pCO2 min [ppmv] | 22 pCO2 max [ppmv] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 165-999A-10H-6W,48-50 | 91.580 | 2809.96 | 1.567 | 0.954 | 27.59 | -23.06 | 1.567 | 27.59 | 8.67 | -1.0503 | 0.0266 | -18.94 | -7.04 | -8.08 | 11.06 | 7.52 | 282.2 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 239.3 | 326.2 |
| 165-999A-10H-7W,50-52 | 93.100 | 2851.50 | 1.475 | 0.960 | 27.75 | -23.61 | 1.475 | 27.75 | 8.65 | -1.0496 | 0.0265 | -19.49 | -7.11 | -8.16 | 11.56 | 7.80 | 293.9 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 243.8 | 345.7 |
| 165-999A-10H-CCW,19-21 | 93.460 | 2861.60 | 1.576 | 27.66 | -23.27 | 1.576 | 27.66 | 8.66 | -1.0500 | 0.0266 | -19.15 | -7.02 | -8.07 | 11.30 | 7.65 | 287.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 250.3 | 325.9 | |
| 165-999A-11H-1W,31-33 | 93.410 | 2901.63 | 1.555 | 0.953 | 27.54 | -22.48 | 1.555 | 27.54 | 8.68 | -1.0505 | 0.0267 | -18.35 | -7.06 | -8.10 | 10.44 | 7.20 | 269.9 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 234.1 | 306.5 |
| 165-999A-11H-1W,88-90 | 93.980 | 2917.37 | 1.241 | 0.957 | 27.66 | -23.16 | 1.241 | 27.66 | 8.66 | -1.0500 | 0.0266 | -19.04 | -7.36 | -8.40 | 10.84 | 7.40 | 278.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 241.6 | 315.4 |
| 165-999A-11H-1W,122-124 | 94.320 | 2926.70 | 1.377 | 0.942 | 27.22 | -22.78 | 1.377 | 27.22 | 8.71 | -1.0518 | 0.0269 | -18.66 | -7.27 | -8.32 | 10.54 | 7.25 | 269.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 234.6 | 305.8 |
| 165-999A-11H-2W,27-29 | 94.870 | 2943.64 | 1.354 | 0.956 | 27.64 | -24.34 | 1.354 | 27.64 | 8.66 | -1.0501 | 0.0266 | -20.22 | -7.25 | -8.29 | 12.18 | 8.18 | 307.3 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 262.3 | 352.8 |
| 165-999A-11H-2W,139-141 | 95.990 | 2980.70 | 1.536 | 0.958 | 27.69 | -21.78 | 1.536 | 27.69 | 8.66 | -1.0499 | 0.0266 | -17.65 | -7.06 | -8.10 | 9.72 | 6.86 | 258.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 225.1 | 291.6 |
| 165-999A-11H-3W,90-92 | 97.000 | 3002.19 | 1.230 | 0.963 | 27.85 | -21.84 | 1.230 | 27.85 | 8.64 | -1.0492 | 0.0265 | -17.72 | -7.34 | -8.39 | 9.50 | 6.76 | 255.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 222.3 | 288.7 |
| 165-999A-11H-4W,3-5 | 97.630 | 3016.18 | 1.300 | 0.954 | 27.57 | -22.44 | 1.300 | 27.57 | 8.67 | -1.0503 | 0.0266 | -18.32 | -7.31 | -8.35 | 10.16 | 7.06 | 265.0 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 228.9 | 300.9 |
| 165-999A-11H-4W,63-65 | 98.230 | 3034.14 | 1.520 | 0.967 | 27.96 | -21.90 | 1.520 | 27.96 | 8.62 | -1.0488 | 0.0264 | -17.77 | -7.04 | -8.09 | 9.86 | 6.92 | 262.2 | 13.4 | 14.9 | 218.6 | 308.0 |
| 165-999A-11H-5W,28-30 | 99.380 | 3069.14 | 1.498 | 0.974 | 28.19 | -22.94 | 1.498 | 28.19 | 8.60 | -1.0478 | 0.0263 | -18.82 | -7.04 | -8.08 | 10.95 | 7.46 | 284.0 | 23.8 | 28.7 | 221.2 | 352.2 |
| 165-999A-11H-5W,83-85 | 99.930 | 3087.17 | 1.525 | 0.965 | 27.91 | -21.45 | 1.525 | 27.91 | 8.63 | -1.0490 | 0.0264 | -17.33 | -7.05 | -8.09 | 9.40 | 6.72 | 254.2 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 220.2 | 288.0 |
| 165-999A-11H-5W,112-114 | 100.220 | 3096.30 | 1.349 | 0.992 | 28.72 | -22.40 | 1.349 | 28.72 | 8.53 | -1.0456 | 0.0259 | -18.28 | -7.12 | -8.16 | 10.31 | 7.13 | 275.1 | 9.5 | 10.2 | 234.5 | 316.3 |
| 165-999A-11H-5W,142-144 | 100.520 | 3106.12 | 1.352 | 0.974 | 28.20 | -22.44 | 1.352 | 28.20 | 8.60 | -1.0478 | 0.0263 | -18.32 | -7.18 | -8.22 | 10.28 | 7.12 | 271.3 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 234.2 | 308.6 |
| 165-999A-11H-6W,68-70 | 101.280 | 3130.44 | 1.001 | 0.972 | 28.12 | -22.84 | 1.001 | 28.12 | 8.61 | -1.0481 | 0.0263 | -18.72 | -7.54 | -8.58 | 10.33 | 7.14 | 271.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 235.6 | 308.3 |
| 165-999A-11H-7W,0-2 | 102.100 | 3160.57 | 1.103 | 27.90 | -23.15 | 1.103 | 27.90 | 8.63 | -1.0490 | 0.0264 | -19.03 | -7.46 | -8.51 | 10.73 | 7.34 | 277.8 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 237.7 | 318.5 | |
| 165-999A-11H-7W,53-55 | 102.630 | 3181.40 | 1.377 | 27.75 | -21.97 | 1.377 | 27.75 | 8.65 | -1.0496 | 0.0265 | -17.85 | -7.21 | -8.25 | 9.77 | 6.88 | 259.3 | 11.6 | 12.7 | 218.5 | 301.4 | |
| 165-999A-11H-CCW,3-5 | 102.850 | 3189.90 | 1.439 | 0.958 | 27.69 | -22.75 | 1.439 | 27.69 | 8.66 | -1.0499 | 0.0266 | -18.63 | -7.16 | -8.20 | 10.63 | 7.29 | 274.4 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 235.1 | 314.3 |
| 165-999A-12H-1W,4-6 | 102.640 | 3199.99 | 1.536 | 0.969 | 28.04 | -22.38 | 1.536 | 28.04 | 8.61 | -1.0484 | 0.0263 | -18.26 | -7.02 | -8.06 | 10.39 | 7.17 | 272.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 236.6 | 308.4 |
| 165-999A-12H-1W,29-31 | 102.890 | 3209.23 | 1.518 | 0.964 | 27.88 | -22.20 | 1.518 | 27.88 | 8.63 | -1.0491 | 0.0265 | -18.08 | -7.06 | -8.10 | 10.17 | 7.06 | 267.0 | 13.8 | 15.4 | 222.4 | 313.2 |
| 165-999A-12H-1W,57-59 | 103.170 | 3220.12 | 1.798 | 27.93 | -21.80 | 1.798 | 27.93 | 8.63 | -1.0489 | 0.0264 | -17.67 | -6.77 | -7.81 | 10.04 | 7.00 | 265.0 | 8.5 | 9.1 | 226.9 | 304.4 | |
| 165-999A-12H-1W,118-120 | 103.780 | 3243.33 | 1.613 | 0.961 | 27.79 | -22.47 | 1.613 | 27.79 | 8.64 | -1.0494 | 0.0265 | -18.35 | -6.97 | -8.01 | 10.53 | 7.24 | 273.2 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 233.0 | 313.7 |
| 165-999A-12H-2W,10-12 | 104.200 | 3259.75 | 1.460 | 28.17 | -22.28 | 1.460 | 28.17 | 8.60 | -1.0479 | 0.0263 | -18.16 | -7.08 | -8.12 | 10.23 | 7.09 | 270.0 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 231.1 | 309.8 | |
| 165-999A-12H-2W,29-31 | 104.390 | 3267.10 | 1.573 | 28.16 | -21.73 | 1.573 | 28.16 | 8.60 | -1.0479 | 0.0263 | -17.60 | -6.97 | -8.01 | 9.76 | 6.88 | 261.8 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 225.5 | 298.7 | |
| 165-999A-12H-2W,50-52 | 104.600 | 3275.26 | 1.581 | 28.15 | -21.50 | 1.581 | 28.15 | 8.60 | -1.0480 | 0.0263 | -17.37 | -6.96 | -8.00 | 9.53 | 6.78 | 257.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 224.3 | 291.5 | |
| 165-999A-12H-2W,80-82 | 104.900 | 3286.75 | 1.560 | 28.13 | -22.50 | 1.560 | 28.13 | 8.60 | -1.0480 | 0.0263 | -18.38 | -6.98 | -8.02 | 10.55 | 7.25 | 275.8 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 237.8 | 314.5 | |
| 165-999A-12H-2W,109.5-111.5 | 105.195 | 3298.14 | 0.972 | 28.12 |