Citation:

journal.pone.0070106

Name: Elevated CO2 levels do not affect the shell structure of the bivalve Arctica islandica from the western Baltic
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Arctica islandica; Baltic Sea; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Shells of the bivalve Arctica islandica are used to reconstruct paleo-environmental conditions (e.g. temperature) via biogeochemical proxies, i.e. biogenic components that are related closely to environmental parameters at the time of shell formation. Several studies have shown that proxies like element and isotope-ratios can be affected by shell growth and microstructure. Thus it is essential to evaluate the impact of changing environmental parameters such as high pCO2 and consequent changes in carbonate chemistry on shell properties to validate these biogeochemical proxies for a wider range of environmental conditions. Growth experiments with Arctica islandica from the Western Baltic Sea kept under different pCO2 levels (from 380 to 1120 µatm) indicate no affect of elevated pCO2 on shell growth or crystal microstructure, indicating that A. islandica shows an adaptation to a wider range of pCO2 levels than reported for other species. Accordingly, proxy information derived from A. islandica shells of this region contains no pCO2 related bias.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Arctica islandica; Baltic Sea; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Single species; Temperate

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-08-26.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Stemmer, Kristina
2	Identification	ID		Stemmer, Kristina		continuous sample number
3	Sample code/label	Sample label		Stemmer, Kristina
4	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Stemmer, Kristina		treatment
5	Calcein mark	Calcein mark		Stemmer, Kristina
6	Growth rate	µ	mm/day	Stemmer, Kristina		shell growth in height
7	Growth rate	µ	mm/day	Stemmer, Kristina		shell growth in thickness
8	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Stemmer, Kristina	Potentiometric titration
9	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Stemmer, Kristina	Potentiometric titration
10	Salinity	Sal		Stemmer, Kristina
11	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Stemmer, Kristina
12	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Stemmer, Kristina
13	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Stemmer, Kristina
14	pH	pH		Stemmer, Kristina	Potentiometric	NBS scale
15	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Stemmer, Kristina	Potentiometric
16	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Stemmer, Kristina	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Stemmer, Kristina	Calculated using CO2SYS
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Stemmer, Kristina	Calculated using CO2SYS
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Stemmer, Kristina	Calculated using CO2SYS
20	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Stemmer, Kristina	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Stemmer, Kristina	Calculated using CO2SYS
22	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
24	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1377 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 ID (continuous sample number)	3 Sample label	4 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (treatment)	5 Calcein mark	6 µ [mm/day] (shell growth in height)	7 µ [mm/day] (shell growth in thickness)	8 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	9 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	10 Sal	11 Sal std dev [±]	12 Temp [°C]	13 Temp std dev [±]	14 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	15 pH std dev [±] (Potentiometric)	16 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 DIC std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	18 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	19 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	20 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	21 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	22 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	24 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	1	380A1	380	X	0.00310	0.00178	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	2	380A2	380	X	0.00118	0.00088	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	3	380A3	380	X	0.00301	0.00202	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	4	380A4	380	X	0.00364	0.00206	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	5	380A5	380	-			2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	6	380B1	380	X	0.00235	0.00288	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	7	380B2	380	X	0.00205	0.00134	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	8	380B3	380	X	0.00233	0.00179	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	9	380B4	380	-			2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	10	380B5	380	-			2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	11	380C1	380	X	0.00132	0.00129	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	12	380C2	380	X	0.00238	0.00121	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	13	380C3	380	X	0.00156	0.00100	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	14	380C4	380	X	0.00455	0.00199	2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	15	380C5	380	-			2328	28	30.9	0.8	10.6	2.1	8.07	0.05	2193	48	524	83	1.68	0.30	26	7.97	22.39	510.20	508.27	2062.07	108.54	2193	1.67	2.65
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	16	760A1	760	X	0.00151	0.00127	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	17	760A2	760	X	0.00201	0.00153	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	18	760A3	760	X	0.00135	0.00127	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	19	760A4	760	X	0.00704	0.00238	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	20	760A5	760	-			2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	21	760B1	760	X	0.00098	0.00089	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	22	760B2	760	X	0.00114	0.00084	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	23	760B3	760	X	0.00109	0.00118	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	24	760B4	760	-			2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	25	760B5	760	-			2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	26	760C1	760	X	0.00184	0.00149	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	27	760C2	760	X	0.00376	0.00172	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	28	760C3	760	X	0.00186	0.00109	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	29	760C4	760	X	0.00224	0.00170	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	30	760C5	760	X	0.00177	0.00109	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.5	2.1	7.90	0.07	2263	45	800	184	1.14	0.26	26	7.80	35.37	777.25	774.27	2153.80	73.83	2263	1.13	1.80
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	31	1120A1	1120	X	0.00257	0.00158	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	32	1120A2	1120	X	0.00178	0.00095	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	33	1120A3	1120	X	0.00131	0.00097	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	34	1120A4	1120	X	0.00215	0.00143	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	35	1120A5	1120	X	0.00175	0.00107	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	36	1120B1	1120	X	0.00354	0.00240	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	37	1120B2	1120	X	0.00049	0.00070	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	38	1120B3	1120	X	0.00166	0.00137	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	39	1120B4	1120	-			2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	40	1120B5	1120	-			2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	41	1120C1	1120	X	0.00186	0.00137	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	42	1120C2	1120	X	0.00411	0.00182	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	43	1120C3	1120	X	0.00132	0.00177	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	44	1120C4	1120	X	0.00209	0.00146	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30
Arctica islandica (mollusk)	45	1120C5	1120	X	0.00299	0.00126	2335	26	30.9	0.8	9.3	1.3	7.75	0.07	2309	45	1140	221	0.83	0.18	26	7.65	51.36	1121.03	1116.73	2204.52	53.13	2309	0.82	1.30