/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Eichner, Meri; Rost, Björn; Kranz, Sven A (2014): Diversity of ocean acidification effects on marine N2 fixers. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.834555, Supplement to: Eichner, M et al. (2014): Diversity of ocean acidification effects on marine N2 fixers. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 457, 199-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.04.015 Abstract: Considering the important role of N2 fixation for primary productivity and CO2 sequestration, it is crucial to assess the response of diazotrophs to ocean acidification. Previous studies on the genus Trichodesmium suggested a strong sensitivity towards ocean acidification. In view of the large functional diversity in N2 fixers, the objective of this study was to improve our knowledge of the CO2 responses of other diazotrophs. To this end, the single-celled Cyanothece sp. and two heterocystous species, Nodularia spumigena and the symbiotic Calothrix rhizosoleniae, were acclimated to two pCO2 levels (380 vs. 980 µatm). Growth rates, cellular composition (carbon, nitrogen and chlorophyll a) as well as carbon and N2 fixation rates (14C incorporation, acetylene reduction) were measured and compared to literature data on different N2 fixers. The three species investigated in this study responded differently to elevated pCO2, showing enhanced, decreased as well as unaltered growth and production rates. For instance, Cyanothece increased production rates with pCO2, which is in line with the general view that N2 fixers benefit from ocean acidification. Due to lowered growth and production of Nodularia, nitrogen input to the Baltic Sea might decrease in the future. In Calothrix, no significant changes in growth or production could be observed, even though N2 fixation was stimulated under elevated pCO2. Reviewing literature data confirmed a large variability in CO2 sensitivity across diazotrophs. The contrasting response patterns in our and previous studies were discussed with regard to the carbonate chemistry in the respective natural habitats, the mode of N2 fixation as well as differences in cellular energy limitation between the species. The group-specific CO2 sensitivities will impact differently on future biogeochemical cycles of open-ocean environments and systems like the Baltic Sea and should therefore be considered in models estimating climate feedback effects. Keyword(s): Bacteria; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calothrix rhizosoleniae; Cyanobacteria; Cyanothece sp.; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Nodularia spumigena; Not applicable; Other metabolic rates; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species Further details: Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb Project(s): Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC) (URI: https://www.iaea.org/services/oa-icc/science-and-collaboration/data-access-and-management) Comment: In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-07-30. Parameter(s): Species (Species) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Treatment (Treat) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Salinity (Sal) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Temperature, water [°C] (Temp) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Irradiance [µmol/m**2/s] (E) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) pH (pH) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Potentiometric * COMMENT: NBS scale pH, standard deviation [±] (pH std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Potentiometric * COMMENT: NBS scale Alkalinity, total [µmol/kg] (AT) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Potentiometric titration Alkalinity, total, standard deviation [±] (AT std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Potentiometric titration Carbon, inorganic, dissolved [µmol/kg] (DIC) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Coulometric titration Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation [±] (DIC std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Coulometric titration Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) [µatm] (pCO2water_SST_wet) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation [±] (pCO2 std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html) Growth rate [1/day] (µ) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Growth rate, standard deviation [±] (µ std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Particulate organic carbon production, per chlorophyll a [µmol/µg/day] (POC prod/Chl a) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Particulate organic carbon, production, standard deviation [±] (POC prod std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * COMMENT: per Chl a Particulate organic nitrogen production, per chlorophyll a [µmol/µg/day] (PON prod/Chl a) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Particulate organic nitrogen production, standard deviation [±] (PON prod std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * COMMENT: per Chl a Carbon fixation rate, per chlorophyll a [µmol/µg/day] (C fix/Chl a) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Carbon fixation rate, per chlorophyll a, standard deviation [±] (C fix/Chl a std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Ethene production, per chlorophyll a [µmol/µg/day] (C2H4 prod/Chl a) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Ethene production standard deviation [±] (C2H4 prod std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * COMMENT: per Chl a Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio (POC/PON) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation [±] (POC/PON std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Ethene production per cell [pmol/#/day] (C2H4 prod/cell) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Ethene production standard deviation [±] (C2H4 prod std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) * COMMENT: per cell Chlorophyll a per cell [pg/#] (Chl a/cell) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Chlorophyll a, standard deviation [±] (Chl a std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Particulate organic carbon, per cell [pmol/#] (POC/cell) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Particulate organic carbon content per cell, standard deviation [±] (POC cont/cell std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Particulate organic nitrogen per cell [pmol/#] (PON/cell) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Particulate organic nitrogen per cell, standard deviation [±] (PON/cell std dev) * PI: Eichner, Meri (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-7880, meri.eichner@awi.de) Carbonate system computation flag (CSC flag) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) pH (pH) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) * COMMENT: total scale Carbon dioxide [µmol/kg] (CO2) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) [µatm] (pCO2water_SST_wet) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) [µatm] (fCO2water_SST_wet) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Bicarbonate ion [µmol/kg] ([HCO3]-) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Carbonate ion [µmol/kg] ([CO3]2-) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Alkalinity, total [µmol/kg] (AT) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Aragonite saturation state (Omega Arg) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) Calcite saturation state (Omega Cal) * PI: Yang, Yan (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-5606, yangyan@xmu.edu.cn, http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) (URI: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010) License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Status: Curation Level: Enhanced curation (URI: https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels) Size: 241 data points */ Species Treat Sal Temp [°C] E [µmol/m**2/s] pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric) pH std dev [±] (NBS scale, Potentiometric) AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration) AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration) DIC [µmol/kg] (Coulometric titration) DIC std dev [±] (Coulometric titration) pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS) pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) µ [1/day] µ std dev [±] POC prod/Chl a [µmol/µg/day] POC prod std dev [±] (per Chl a) PON prod/Chl a [µmol/µg/day] PON prod std dev [±] (per Chl a) C fix/Chl a [µmol/µg/day] C fix/Chl a std dev [±] C2H4 prod/Chl a [µmol/µg/day] C2H4 prod std dev [±] (per Chl a) POC/PON POC/PON std dev [±] C2H4 prod/cell [pmol/#/day] C2H4 prod std dev [±] (per cell) Chl a/cell [pg/#] Chl a std dev [±] POC/cell [pmol/#] POC cont/cell std dev [±] PON/cell [pmol/#] PON/cell std dev [±] CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...) pH (total scale, Calculated using...) CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 (prokaryote) ambient pCO2 33 25 150 8.20 0.01 2356 2 1969 1 380 9 0.39 0.04 6.6 1.5 1.38 0.28 0.65 0.35 3.25 1.41 4.75 0.23 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.60 0.06 0.13 0.01 27 8.06 10.86 379.91 378.72 1750.01 208.13 2259.50 3.34 5.09 Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 (prokaryote) high pCO2 33 25 150 7.86 0.02 2368 13 2154 10 974 20 0.37 0.02 16.4 1.5 3.39 0.40 1.51 0.83 3.85 0.96 4.85 0.13 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.00 1.27 0.17 0.26 0.04 27 7.72 27.40 958.02 955.00 2016.96 109.64 2284.22 1.76 2.68 Nodularia spumigena IOW 2000/1(prokaryote) ambient pCO2 9 25 150 8.18 0.02 1524 28 1357 12 391 7 0.33 0.06 2.0 0.6 0.41 0.14 0.87 0.61 0.09 4.92 0.14 0.40 0.08 0.65 0.12 4.08 1.50 0.83 0.29 27 8.02 12.61 389.20 387.97 1277.25 67.14 1428.57 1.17 2.02 Nodularia spumigena IOW 2000/1(prokaryote) high pCO2 9 25 150 7.80 0.02 1515 17 1399 25 974 39 0.14 0.06 1.5 0.2 0.29 0.05 0.54 0.28 0.57 0.20 5.16 0.04 0.30 0.11 0.53 0.05 4.17 0.36 0.81 0.07 27 7.64 31.64 976.51 973.44 1338.00 29.36 1404.30 0.51 0.88 Calothrix rhizosoleniae SC01 (prokaryote) ambient pCO2 33 25 150 8.25 0.02 2348 16 1950 13 340 30 0.25 0.08 1.8 0.6 0.28 0.10 0.84 0.70 0.45 0.07 6.47 0.13 27 8.11 9.47 331.26 330.22 1712.07 228.46 2271.05 3.67 5.59 Calothrix rhizosoleniae SC01 (prokaryote) high pCO2 33 25 150 7.93 0.03 2339 28 2102 18 832 70 0.36 0.03 2.4 0.2 0.34 0.06 0.39 0.10 0.73 0.03 6.64 0.15 27 7.79 22.60 790.20 787.71 1954.57 124.83 2259.57 2.00 3.05