Citation:

grl.50948

Name: Permeable coral reef sediment dissolution driven by elevated pCO2 and pore water advection
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Rocky-shore community; South Pacific; Tropical

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to drive the transition of coral reef ecosystems from net calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitating to net dissolving within the next century. Although permeable sediments represent the largest reservoir of CaCO3 in coral reefs, the dissolution of shallow CaCO3 sands under future pCO2 levels has not been measured under natural conditions. In situ, advective chamber incubations under elevated pCO2 (~800 µatm) shifted the sediments from net precipitating to net dissolving. Pore water advection more than doubled dissolution rates (1.10 g CaCO3/m**2/day) when compared to diffusive conditions (0.42 g CaCO3/m**2 /day). Sediment dissolution could reduce net ecosystem calcification rates of the Heron Island lagoon by 8% within the next century, which is equivalent to a 25% reduction in the global average calcification rate of coral lagoons. The dissolution of CaCO3 sediments needs to be taken into account in order to address how OA will impact the net accretion of coral reefs under future predicted increases in CO2.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Rocky-shore community; South Pacific; Tropical

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-07-11.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Cyronak, Tyler
2	Treatment	Treat		Cyronak, Tyler
3	Oxygen, flux	O2 flux	mmol/m²/h	Cyronak, Tyler		night
4	Alkalinity, total, flux	AT flux	mmol(eq)/m²/h	Cyronak, Tyler		night
5	Oxygen, flux	O2 flux	mmol/m²/h	Cyronak, Tyler		day
6	Alkalinity, total, flux	AT flux	mmol(eq)/m²/h	Cyronak, Tyler		day
7	Oxygen, flux	O2 flux	mmol/m²/day	Cyronak, Tyler		net
8	Alkalinity, total, flux	AT flux	mmol(eq)/m²/day	Cyronak, Tyler		net
9	pH	pH		Cyronak, Tyler	Potentiometric	NBS scale
10	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Cyronak, Tyler	Calculated using CO2SYS
11	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Cyronak, Tyler	Calculated using CO2SYS
12	Salinity	Sal		Cyronak, Tyler
13	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Cyronak, Tyler
14	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Cyronak, Tyler	Potentiometric titration
15	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
17	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

552 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 ID	2 Treat	3 O2 flux [mmol/m²/h] (night)	4 AT flux [mmol(eq)/m²/h] (night)	5 O2 flux [mmol/m²/h] (day)	6 AT flux [mmol(eq)/m²/h] (day)	7 O2 flux [mmol/m²/day] (net)	8 AT flux [mmol(eq)/m²/day] (net)	9 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	10 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	11 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	12 Sal	13 Temp [°C]	14 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	15 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	16 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	17 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
TC1	advective	-4.34	2.26	5.82	-2.06	17.000	2.28	8.200	425	3.43	35.00	23.70	2266	26	8.07	12	425	424	1730	217	1960	3.42	5.20
TC1	advective	-3.89	1.25	5.31	-2.51	16.320	-14.48	8.215	397	3.44	35.00	23.67	2232	26	8.08	12	396	394	1691	218	1921	3.43	5.23
TC2	advective	-3.19	2.26	4.08	-1.65	3.830	10.28	8.129	479	2.98	35.00	23.28	2278	26	8.00	14	477	476	1817	187	2018	2.94	4.48
TC2	advective	-2.80	1.35	3.94	-1.93	7.010	-3.82	8.117	491	2.90	35.00	23.40	2269	26	7.98	14	489	487	1819	182	2015	2.87	4.37
TC3	advective	-3.26	1.45	5.50	-3.31	21.860	-19.44	8.229	359	3.44	35.00	23.64	2215	26	8.10	11	359	357	1672	219	1901	3.45	5.25
TC3	advective	-3.50	2.22	4.54	-2.67	8.200	-2.81	8.179	413	3.19	35.00	23.60	2246	26	8.05	12	412	411	1743	203	1958	3.21	4.88
TC1	advective plus CO2	-2.86	2.98	3.96	-1.79	12.610	13.62	8.110	524	2.92	35.00	23.67	2291	26	7.98	15	523	521	1835	185	2035	2.92	4.44
TC2	advective plus CO2	-2.39	2.77	3.10	-1.41	3.230	19.02	7.842	1050	1.74	35.00	23.30	2298	26	7.71	31	1043	1039	2028	110	2169	1.72	2.63
TC2	advective plus CO2	-2.34	2.50	3.26	-1.10	5.550	18.97	7.873	959	1.86	35.00	23.23	2302	26	7.74	28	952	949	2016	116	2160	1.83	2.79
TC3	advective plus CO2	-4.20	3.89	4.93	-1.87	3.980	26.66	7.935	875	2.15	35.00	23.64	2294	26	7.80	26	874	872	1958	136	2120	2.15	3.28
TC3	advective plus CO2	-3.91	2.95	5.32	-2.17	11.950	11.72	7.961	790	2.21	35.00	23.46	2271	26	7.83	23	789	786	1927	140	2089	2.20	3.35
TC1	diffusive	-2.52	2.22	4.41	-2.51	21.740	-3.30	8.313	275	4.00	35.00	23.65	2267	26	8.13	9	314	313	1683	236	1928	3.73	5.68
TC1	diffusive	-2.49	2.42	4.03	-2.43	17.670	-0.08	8.300	284	3.92	35.00	23.65	2239	26	8.19	8	261	260	1599	258	1865	4.07	6.21
TC2	diffusive	-1.93	1.86	2.87	-2.13	6.480	0.45	8.063	552	2.60	35.00	23.30	2270	26	7.93	16	550	548	1869	163	2048	2.56	3.91
TC2	diffusive	-2.03	1.66	3.05	-2.14	7.080	-2.19	8.079	528	2.66	35.00	23.10	2257	26	7.95	16	525	524	1846	166	2028	2.62	3.99
TC3	diffusive	-1.89	2.10	3.37	-2.26	14.780	0.29	8.155	432	3.04	35.00	23.56	2247	26	8.02	13	431	430	1770	193	1975	3.04	4.63
TC3	diffusive	-2.40	1.61	4.03	-1.97	15.910	-2.44	8.145	439	2.98	35.00	23.64	2246	26	8.01	13	439	437	1777	190	1979	2.99	4.56
TC1	diffusive plus CO2	-2.07	3.07	3.14	-2.05	12.250	11.78	8.140	473	3.05	35.00	23.73	2300	26	8.01	14	473	471	1823	194	2030	3.06	4.66
TC1	diffusive plus CO2	-1.79	2.63	3.20	-2.17	16.280	5.28	8.053	599	2.60	35.00	23.67	2292	26	7.92	18	599	597	1885	165	2068	2.60	3.97
TC2	diffusive plus CO2	-2.00	2.64	3.12	-2.35	8.290	7.73	7.846	999	1.70	35.00	23.35	2269	26	7.71	30	996	993	2003	108	2141	1.70	2.59
TC2	diffusive plus CO2	-1.94	2.84	2.87	-1.37	6.350	20.39	7.821	1080	1.65	35.00	23.38	2294	26	7.69	32	1075	1072	2039	104	2175	1.64	2.50
TC3	diffusive plus CO2	-2.58	2.82	4.38	-3.04	17.710	0.36	7.880	941	1.84	35.00	23.76	2241	26	7.75	27	940	937	1951	117	2096	1.85	2.82
TC3	diffusive plus CO2	-2.41	2.06	4.13	-2.49	16.880	-2.79	7.962	730	2.12	35.00	23.82	2236	26	7.83	21	730	728	1901	136	2058	2.14	3.25