Sakurai, Toshimitsu; Iizuka, Yoshinori; Horikawa, Shinichiro; Johnsen, Sigfús Jóhann; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Hondoh, Takeo (2009): (Table 1) Micro-inclusion counts and ion concentrations in the five GRIP ice-core sections [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.833919, Supplement to: Sakurai, T et al. (2009): Direct observation of salts as micro-inclusions in the Greenland GRIP ice core. Journal of Glaciology, 55(193), 777-783, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309790152483
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Abstract:
We provide the first direct evidence that a number of water-soluble compounds, in particular calcium sulfate (CaSO4 2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are present as solid, micron-sized inclusions within the Greenland GRIP ice core. The compounds are detected by two independent methods: micro-Raman spectroscopy of a solid ice sample, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of individual inclusions remaining after sublimation. CaSO4 2H2O is found in abundance throughout the Holocene and the last glacial period, while CaCO3 exists mainly in the glacial period ice. We also present size and spatial distributions of the micro-inclusions. These results suggest that water-soluble aerosols in the GRIP ice core are dependable proxies for past atmospheric conditions.
Project(s):
Greenland Ice Core Projects (GRIP/GISP/NGRIP)
Coverage:
Latitude: 72.570000 * Longitude: -37.620000
Date/Time Start: 1989-06-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-07-12T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, ice/snow: 1200.370 m * Maximum DEPTH, ice/snow: 2300.675 m
Event(s):
GRIP * Latitude: 72.570000 * Longitude: -37.620000 * Date/Time Start: 1989-06-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-07-12T00:00:00 * Elevation: 3232.0 m * Penetration: 3028.8 m * Recovery: 3028.8 m * Location: Greenland * Campaign: GRIP * Basis: Sampling/drilling ice * Method/Device: ISTUK electromechanical drill (ISTUK)
Comment:
The ion concentrations measured at each depth are averaged over five samples. Data extracted in the frame of a joint ICSTI/PANGAEA IPY effort, see http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.150150
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Depth, top/min | Depth top | m | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | ||
| 2 | Depth, bottom/max | Depth bot | m | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | ||
| 3 | DEPTH, ice/snow | Depth ice/snow | m | Geocode | ||
| 4 | Epoch | Epoch | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | |||
| 5 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Geocode | ||
| 6 | Number | No | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | of micro-inclusions found by optical microscope in all 100 views | ||
| 7 | Number | No | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | of micro-inclusions measured using Raman spectroscopy | ||
| 8 | Particle concentration | Part conc | #/ml | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | number density of micro-inclusions in the sample volume | |
| 9 | Standard deviation | Std dev | ± | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | of particle concentration in #/ml | |
| 10 | Diameter | Ø | µm | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | mean, of micro-inclusions | |
| 11 | Standard deviation | Std dev | ± | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | of diameter in µm | |
| 12 | Thickness | Thick | mm | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | of ice sections | |
| 13 | Thickness | Thick | mm | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | of re-sliced ice sections | |
| 14 | Chloride anion | Cl- | meq/l | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | ||
| 15 | Nitrate ion | [NO3]- | meq/l | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | ||
| 16 | Sulfate anion | [SO4]2- | meq/l | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | ||
| 17 | Sodium cation | Na+ | meq/l | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | ||
| 18 | Magnesium cation | Mg2+ | meq/l | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | ||
| 19 | Calcium cation | Ca2+ | meq/l | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | ||
| 20 | Calcium cation | Ca2+ | meq/l | Sakurai, Toshimitsu | calculated from the diameter and number density of CaSO4 2H2O and CaCO3 |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
87 data points
Data
| 1 Depth top [m] | 2 Depth bot [m] | 3 Depth ice/snow [m] | 4 Epoch | 5 Age [ka BP] | 6 No (of micro-inclusions found by ...) | 7 No (of micro-inclusions measured ...) | 8 Part conc [#/ml] (number density of micro-inclu...) | 9 Std dev [±] (of particle concentration in ...) | 10 Ø [µm] (mean, of micro-inclusions) | 11 Std dev [±] (of diameter in µm) | 12 Thick [mm] (of ice sections) | 13 Thick [mm] (of re-sliced ice sections) | 14 Cl- [meq/l] | 15 [NO3]- [meq/l] | 16 [SO4]2- [meq/l] | 17 Na+ [meq/l] | 18 Mg2+ [meq/l] | 19 Ca2+ [meq/l] | 20 Ca2+ [meq/l] (calculated from the diameter ...) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1200.35 | 1200.39 | 1200.370 | Holocene | 6.9 | 14 | 50 | 6000 | 1000 | 2.15 | 0.49 | 3.3 | 1.40 | 0.00066 | 0.00099 | 0.00059 | 0.00108 | 0.00014 | 0.00058 | 0.00013 |
| 1501.66 | 1501.70 | 1501.680 | Holocene | 9.8 | 28 | 95 | 12000 | 3000 | 2.05 | 0.45 | 2.8 | 0.00094 | 0.00123 | 0.00144 | 0.00091 | 0.00024 | 0.00070 | 0.00015 | |
| 1700.61 | 1700.65 | 1700.630 | Termination I | 13.5 | 200 | 43 | 85000 | 9000 | 1.74 | 0.31 | 5.0 | 0.00116 | 0.00119 | 0.00120 | 0.00106 | 0.00036 | 0.00184 | 0.00137 | |
| 2099.90 | 2099.95 | 2099.925 | Last Glacial Period | 30.0 | 1017 | 80 | 430000 | 50000 | 2.03 | 0.47 | 2.0 | 1.65 | 0.00199 | 0.00093 | 0.00205 | 0.00176 | 0.00103 | 0.00717 | 0.00489 |
| 2300.65 | 2300.70 | 2300.675 | Last Glacial Period | 43.1 | 500 | 61 | 210000 | 40000 | 1.72 | 0.24 | 2.0 | 0.00132 | 0.00114 | 0.00102 | 0.00123 | 0.00051 | 0.00197 | 0.00192 |