Citation:

grl.50802

Name: Hysteresis between coral reef calcification and the seawater aragonite saturation state
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Charophyta; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field observation; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Rocky-shore community; South Pacific; Temperate

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS Citation BibTeX Citation Text Citation Facebook TwitterShow Map Google Earth

Abstract:

Some predictions of how ocean acidification (OA) will affect coral reefs assume a linear functional relationship between the ambient seawater aragonite saturation state (Omega a) and net ecosystem calcification (NEC). We quantified NEC in a healthy coral reef lagoon in the Great Barrier Reef during different times of the day. Our observations revealed a diel hysteresis pattern in the NEC versus Omega a relationship, with peak NEC rates occurring before the Omega a peak and relatively steady nighttime NEC in spite of variable Omega a. Net ecosystem production had stronger correlations with NEC than light, temperature, nutrients, pH, and Omega a. The observed hysteresis may represent an overlooked challenge for predicting the effects of OA on coral reefs. If widespread, the hysteresis could prevent the use of a linear extrapolation to determine critical Omega a threshold levels required to shift coral reefs from a net calcifying to a net dissolving state.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Charophyta; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field observation; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Rocky-shore community; South Pacific; Temperate

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -23.450000 * Longitude: 151.916670

Event(s):

Heron_Island * Latitude: -23.450000 * Longitude: 151.916670

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-07-08.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Time of day	Time of day		Santos, Isaac R
2	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Santos, Isaac R
3	Irradiance	E	µmol/m²/s	Santos, Isaac R
4	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Santos, Isaac R	Potentiometric titration
5	Alkalinity, total, flux	AT flux	mmol(eq)/m²/h	Santos, Isaac R
6	Net calcification rate of calcium carbonate	NC CaCO3	µmol/cm²/h	Santos, Isaac R		ecosystem
7	Net production	NP	mmol/m²/h	Santos, Isaac R		ecosystem
8	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Santos, Isaac R
9	pH	pH		Santos, Isaac R	Potentiometric	NBS scale
10	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Santos, Isaac R	Calculated using CO2SYS
11	Carbon dioxide, air-sea, flux	CO2 air-sea flux	mmol/m²/h	Santos, Isaac R
12	Nitrate and Nitrite	[NO3]- + [NO2]-	µmol/l	Santos, Isaac R	Spectrophotometric
13	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Santos, Isaac R	Spectrophotometric
14	Ammonium	[NH4]+	µmol/l	Santos, Isaac R
15	Salinity	Sal		Santos, Isaac R
16	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
18	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1204 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Time of day	2 Temp [°C]	3 E [µmol/m²/s]	4 AT [mmol(eq)/l] (Potentiometric titration)	5 AT flux [mmol(eq)/m²/h]	6 NC CaCO3 [µmol/cm²/h] (ecosystem)	7 NP [mmol/m²/h] (ecosystem)	8 Omega Arg	9 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	10 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	11 CO2 air-sea flux [mmol/m²/h]	12 [NO3]- + [NO2]- [µmol/l] (Spectrophotometric)	13 [PO4]3- [µmol/l] (Spectrophotometric)	14 [NH4]+ [µmol/l]	15 Sal	16 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	18 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
1:00:00	24.9		2.3592	9.44	-0.472	-34.75	2.69	8.06	565.67	0.10	0.93	0.22	0.63	35	26	7.92	16	563	561	1889	170	2074	2305	2.69	4.08
1:01:00	24.9	1	2.3428	12.44	-0.622	-35.39	2.68	8.06	556.67	1.11	0.70	0.31	0.28	35	26	7.92	16	555	553	1873	169	2058	2289	2.68	4.07
1:55:00	24.0	1	2.3392	13.75	-0.687	-58.79	2.60	8.06	559.01	0.97	0.78	0.31	1.06	35	26	7.92	16	555	553	1881	164	2061	2285	2.59	3.95
2:20:00	24.7	1	2.3599	1.89	-0.095	-32.15	2.29	7.97	704.54	1.14	1.28	0.23	0.76	35	26	7.84	20	701	699	1952	144	2116	2306	2.29	3.47
2:40:00	23.6	1	2.3382	13.94	-0.697	-38.73	2.32	8.00	639.52	0.71	0.84	0.32	1.24	35	26	7.87	19	635	633	1922	147	2088	2284	2.32	3.53
3:15:00	24.8	1	2.3605	1.06	-0.053	-29.79	2.28	7.97	712.15	0.22	1.03	0.21	0.49	35	26	7.84	20	709	706	1954	144	2118	2306	2.28	3.45
3:29:00	23.7	1	2.3254	3.20	-0.160	-44.22	2.35	8.01	627.37	0.11	0.88	0.33	0.44	35	26	7.88	18	622	620	1906	148	2072	2271	2.34	3.57
3:57:00	25.4	1	2.3484	-5.53	0.276	-25.07	2.28	7.96	723.80	0.23	0.96	0.20	0.65	35	26	7.83	20	721	718	1943	143	2107	2295	2.28	3.45
4:20:00	23.9	1	2.3157	6.42	-0.321	-23.56	2.41	8.02	601.62	1.07	0.73	0.31	0.68	35	26	7.89	17	599	597	1886	152	2056	2262	2.41	3.66
5:00:00	24.3	3	2.3495	9.39	-0.470	-44.49	2.35	8.00	663.01	0.86	1.10	0.33	0.81	35	26	7.86	19	657	655	1932	148	2099	2295	2.34	3.56
5:30:00	22.4	9	2.3667	5.69	-0.284	-26.80	2.24	8.00	653.01	1.04	0.64	0.17	1.14	35	26	7.87	20	650	648	1961	142	2123	2311	2.23	3.41
5:58:00	22.6		2.3477	7.26	-0.363	-19.56	1.88	7.98	648.38	0.40	0.66	0.18	1.30	35	26	7.85	20	677	675	1956	137	2113	2293	2.15	3.28
6:01:00	23.3	37	2.3543	5.06	-0.253	-5.21	2.61	8.07	544.46	0.07	0.77	0.16	0.35	35	26	7.93	16	543	541	1893	165	2075	2299	2.60	3.96
7:00:00	23.5		2.3557	0.46	-0.023	7.98	2.76	8.09	505.48	2.36	0.65	0.17	1.31	35	26	7.96	15	504	502	1871	175	2060	2301	2.76	4.20
7:03:30	23.1		2.3372	9.00	-0.450	3.60	2.47	8.04	571.00	0.85	0.60	0.19	0.45	35	26	7.91	17	569	567	1897	157	2070	2283	2.46	3.76
8:28:00	23.9		2.3502	-10.84	0.542	31.92	2.93	8.12	471.44	1.68	0.62	0.16	0.45	35	26	7.99	14	469	468	1841	185	2039	2296	2.92	4.45
8:29:00	24.2		2.3390	-16.43	0.821	17.18	2.24	7.98	692.39	0.06	0.84	0.20	0.61	35	26	7.84	20	690	688	1938	141	2099	2285	2.23	3.40
9:45:00	24.3		2.3393	-22.28	1.114	58.46	3.08	8.14	440.41	0.79	0.64	0.16	0.47	35	26	8.01	13	438	436	1807	195	2014	2285	3.08	4.68
9:45:00	24.3		2.3315	-14.79	0.740	50.32	2.95	8.12	465.19	0.26	0.72	0.17	0.83	35	26	7.99	13	462	461	1818	187	2018	2278	2.95	4.48
10:30:00	24.9		2.3325	-12.99	0.649	53.12	3.20	8.16	425.49	0.13	0.65	0.17	0.57	35	26	8.02	12	423	421	1783	201	1997	2279	3.19	4.84
11:00:00	25.4	793	2.3162	-22.18	1.109	54.93	3.28	8.17	411.56	0.24	0.88	0.17	0.66	35	26	8.03	11	409	408	1756	206	1973	2264	3.27	4.96
12:00:00	26.8	1545	2.3108	-35.28	1.764	64.70	3.68	8.21	362.74	-0.04	0.82	0.17	0.76	35	26	8.07	10	361	360	1692	230	1932	2259	3.68	5.55
12:30:00	26.4	1462	2.2722	-30.76	1.538	102.53	3.69	8.23	343.37	-0.17	0.90	0.19	0.55	35	26	8.09	9	338	337	1651	230	1891	2221	3.68	5.55
13:02:00	26.7		2.3089	-31.18	1.559	58.15	3.76	8.23	348.58	-0.21	0.79	0.19	0.54	35	26	8.09	9	346	345	1678	235	1922	2257	3.76	5.67
13:25:00	26.6	1478	2.2933	-37.16	1.858	112.95	3.84	8.24	333.70	-0.25	0.73	0.30	0.72	35	26	8.10	9	327	326	1650	240	1898	2242	3.83	5.78
13:45:00	26.9	1308	2.3111	-33.00	1.650	75.43	3.50	8.18	398.67	0.11	0.99	0.18	0.67	35	26	8.04	11	396	394	1722	218	1951	2260	3.49	5.27
14:05:00	27.4	1339	2.2884	-46.63	2.332	99.13	3.87	8.24	338.09	-0.41	1.09	0.18	0.68	35	26	8.09	9	334	332	1643	241	1893	2238	3.86	5.82
14:24:00	26.1	1062	2.2603	-40.08	2.004	109.67	4.24	8.32	260.38	-0.63	0.74	0.29	1.39	35	26	8.18	7	256	255	1552	265	1824	2209	4.23	6.39
14:30:00	27.5	1145	2.3090	-46.74	2.337	82.42	3.53	8.18	404.45	0.04	1.12	0.20	1.21	35	26	8.03	11	401	399	1717	220	1947	2258	3.53	5.31
14:54:00	26.6	1080	2.2660	-38.85	1.942	80.12	4.34	8.33	254.86	-0.83	0.98	0.32	1.37	35	26	8.19	7	252	251	1542	271	1821	2215	4.34	6.55
15:00:00	27.2	978	2.3128	-42.15	2.108	82.05	3.64	8.20	381.10	-0.01	1.11	0.23	0.89	35	26	8.06	10	376	375	1702	227	1939	2262	3.64	5.49
15:17:00	26.8	612	2.2867	-19.40	0.970	45.98	4.04	8.27	298.78	-0.16	0.77	0.19	1.65	35	26	8.13	8	298	297	1610	253	1871	2236	4.04	6.10
15:30:00	26.2	659	2.2809	-27.19	1.359	66.60	4.41	8.34	246.52	-0.38	0.64	0.30	0.73	35	26	8.20	7	244	243	1545	276	1828	2230	4.41	6.67
15:40:00	26.8	412	2.3041	-21.29	1.064	41.04	3.35	8.16	420.16	0.03	0.79	0.18	0.87	35	26	8.02	11	418	417	1737	209	1957	2253	3.35	5.05
16:15:00	26.3	517	2.2656	-25.42	1.271	35.98	4.19	8.31	266.62	-0.85	0.71	0.21	0.73	35	26	8.17	7	266	265	1565	262	1834	2215	4.18	6.32
16:15:00	25.8	248	2.2909	-5.34	0.267	6.64	3.94	8.27	298.08	-0.10	0.88	0.31	1.10	35	26	8.14	8	297	296	1627	248	1883	2239	3.94	5.96
17:00:00	25.2	216	2.2862	1.98	-0.099	-21.76	4.11	8.31	266.62	-0.20	0.78	0.16	1.64	35	26	8.17	7	266	265	1593	259	1860	2234	4.11	6.23
17:00:00	23.6		2.3079	0.36	-0.018	-27.39	3.51	8.24	332.08	-0.01	0.98	0.20	1.51	35	26	8.10	10	331	329	1704	223	1937	2254	3.51	5.34
17:45:00	23.8		2.3345	10.50	-0.525	-33.49	3.27	8.19	388.44	0.07	0.81	0.18	0.50	35	26	8.05	11	387	385	1770	207	1989	2280	3.27	4.97
17:50:00	23.4		2.3515	-5.02	0.251	-22.85	2.68	8.08	524.53	0.28	0.56	0.16	1.83	35	26	7.95	15	522	521	1879	170	2065	2297	2.67	4.07
19:00:00	24.0		2.3509	9.98	-0.499	-24.33	3.05	8.14	446.41	1.17	0.68	0.18	1.52	35	26	8.01	13	445	443	1823	192	2029	2297	3.04	4.62
19:00:00	24.3		2.3343	-1.65	0.082	-24.34	2.81	8.10	500.95	0.11	0.70	0.20	0.43	35	26	7.96	14	499	497	1843	178	2035	2281	2.81	4.27
20:02:00	24.4		2.3434	8.89	-0.445	-21.40	3.00	8.13	461.91	1.51	0.68	0.18	0.52	35	26	7.99	13	460	459	1824	189	2026	2290	2.99	4.55
21:20:00	24.5		2.3435	6.46	-0.323	-16.84	2.80	8.09	511.93	0.45	0.61	0.18	1.13	35	26	7.95	15	510	509	1854	177	2046	2290	2.80	4.26
21:31:00	24.5		2.3289	5.51	-0.275	-23.80	2.94	8.12	470.40	1.09	0.77	0.15	0.42	35	26	7.98	13	469	467	1818	186	2017	2275	2.94	4.46
22:25:00	24.8	1	2.3414	8.68	-0.434	-31.21	2.81	8.08	519.12	0.94	0.91	0.19	0.50	35	26	7.95	15	517	515	1853	177	2044	2288	2.80	4.26
22:40:00	24.9	1	2.3042	12.29	-0.614	-22.30	2.91	8.11	473.10	0.74	1.02	0.22	0.77	35	26	7.98	13	471	470	1798	184	1995	2252	2.91	4.42