Citation:

journal.pone.0050010

Name: The O2, pH and Ca2+ Microenvironment of Benthic Foraminifera in a High CO2 World
Published: 2012
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Amphistegina radiata; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Foraminifera; Heterostegina depressa; Heterotrophic prokaryotes; Laboratory experiment; Marginopora vertebralis; Miliola sp.; Peneroplis sp.; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Quinquelloculina sp.; Single species; South Pacific; Tropical

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification (OA) can have adverse effects on marine calcifiers. Yet, phototrophic marine calcifiers elevate their external oxygen and pH microenvironment in daylight, through the uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by photosynthesis. We studied to which extent pH elevation within their microenvironments in daylight can counteract ambient seawater pH reductions, i.e. OA conditions. We measured the O2 and pH microenvironment of four photosymbiotic and two symbiont-free benthic tropical foraminiferal species at three different OA treatments (~432, 1141 and 2151 µatm pCO2). The O2 concentration difference between the seawater and the test surface (delta O2) was taken as a measure for the photosynthetic rate. Our results showed that O2 and pH levels were significantly higher on photosymbiotic foraminiferal surfaces in light than in dark conditions, and than on surfaces of symbiont-free foraminifera. Rates of photosynthesis at saturated light conditions did not change significantly between OA treatments (except in individuals that exhibited symbiont loss, i.e. bleaching, at elevated pCO2). The pH at the cell surface decreased during incubations at elevated pCO2, also during light incubations. Photosynthesis increased the surface pH but this increase was insufficient to compensate for ambient seawater pH decreases. We thus conclude that photosynthesis does only partly protect symbiont bearing foraminifera against OA.

Keyword(s):

Amphistegina radiata; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Coast and continental shelf; Foraminifera; Heterostegina depressa; Heterotrophic prokaryotes; Laboratory experiment; Marginopora vertebralis; Miliola sp.; Peneroplis sp.; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Quinquelloculina sp.; Single species; South Pacific; Tropical

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-06-19.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Figure	Fig		Glas, Martin S
2	Date	Date		Glas, Martin S
3	Identification	ID		Glas, Martin S		rankgroup
4	Treatment	Treat		Glas, Martin S
5	Time point, descriptive	Time point		Glas, Martin S
6	Species	Species		Glas, Martin S
7	Group	Group		Glas, Martin S
8	Species	Species		Glas, Martin S		symbiont
9	Individual code	Individual code		Glas, Martin S
10	Size	Size	µm	Glas, Martin S
11	Position	Position		Glas, Martin S
12	Irradiance	E	µmol/m²/s	Glas, Martin S
13	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Glas, Martin S		seawater
14	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Glas, Martin S		surface
15	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Glas, Martin S		differences between the bulk seawater and the surface of the shells
16	Slope	Slope		Glas, Martin S		O2
17	Hydrogen ion concentration	H+	nmol/l	Glas, Martin S		differences between the bulk seawater and the surface of the shells
18	Hydrogen ion concentration, standard deviation	H+ std dev	±	Glas, Martin S		differences between the bulk seawater and the surface of the shells
19	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Glas, Martin S		mean differences between the bulk seawater and the surface of the shells
20	Oxygen, standard deviation	O2 std dev	±	Glas, Martin S		differences between the bulk seawater and the surface of the shells
21	Slope	Slope		Glas, Martin S		O2, mean
22	Slope, standard deviation	Slope std dev	±	Glas, Martin S		O2
23	Calcium ion	Ca2+	mmol/l	Glas, Martin S		seawater
24	Calcium ion	Ca2+	mmol/l	Glas, Martin S		surface
25	Calcium ion	Ca2+	mmol/l	Glas, Martin S		mean differences between the bulk seawater and the surface of the shells
26	Slope	Slope		Glas, Martin S		Ca+
27	Salinity	Sal		Glas, Martin S
28	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Glas, Martin S
29	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Glas, Martin S
30	Phosphate	PHSPHT	µmol/kg	Glas, Martin S	Spectrophotometric
31	Phosphate, standard deviation	[PO4]3- std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Spectrophotometric
32	Silicate	SILCAT	µmol/kg	Glas, Martin S	Spectrophotometric
33	Silicate, standard deviation	Si(OH)4 std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Spectrophotometric
34	pH	pH		Glas, Martin S	Potentiometric	NBS scale
35	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Potentiometric	NBS scale
36	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Glas, Martin S	Coulometric titration
37	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Coulometric titration
38	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Glas, Martin S	Potentiometric titration
39	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
40	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
41	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
42	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
43	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
44	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
45	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
46	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
47	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
48	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
49	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
50	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
51	Revelle factor	R		Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
52	Revelle factor, standard deviation	R std dev	±	Glas, Martin S	Calculated using CO2SYS
53	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
55	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
57	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
58	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
59	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
60	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
61	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
62	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

22899 data points

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