Citation:

rspb.2013.2201

Name: Diurnal fluctuations in seawater pH influence the response of a calcifying macroalga to ocean acidification
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Arthrocardia corymbosa; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Other; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Reproduction; Rhodophyta; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate

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Abstract:

Coastal ecosystems that are characterized by kelp forests encounter daily pH fluctuations, driven by photosynthesis and respiration, which are larger than pH changes owing to ocean acidification (OA) projected for surface ocean waters by 2100. We investigated whether mimicry of biologically mediated diurnal shifts in pH-based for the first time on pH time-series measurements within a kelp forest-would offset or amplify the negative effects of OA on calcifiers. In a 40-day laboratory experiment, the calcifying coralline macroalga, Arthrocardia corymbosa, was exposed to two mean pH treatments (8.05 or 7.65). For each mean, two experimental pH manipulations were applied. In one treatment, pH was held constant. In the second treatment, pH was manipulated around the mean (as a step-function), 0.4 pH units higher during daylight and 0.4 units lower during darkness to approximate diurnal fluctuations in a kelp forest. In all cases, growth rates were lower at a reduced mean pH, and fluctuations in pH acted additively to further reduce growth. Photosynthesis, recruitment and elemental composition did not change with pH, but ?(13)C increased at lower mean pH. Including environmental heterogeneity in experimental design will assist with a more accurate assessment of the responses of calcifiers to OA.

Keyword(s):

Arthrocardia corymbosa; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Other; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Reproduction; Rhodophyta; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -45.638890 * Longitude: 170.670830

Date/Time Start: 2011-03-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-04-30T00:00:00

Event(s):

Karitane * Latitude: -45.638890 * Longitude: 170.670830 * Date/Time Start: 2011-03-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-04-30T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-06-10.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
2	Treatment	Treat		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
3	Incubation duration	Inc dur	days	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
4	Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen	PG O2	µmol/g/s	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
5	Gross photosynthesis rate, oxygen, standard error	PG O2 std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
6	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
7	Growth rate, standard error	µ std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
8	Recruitment	Recruitment	#/cm²	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
9	Recruitment, standard error	Recruitment std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
10	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II	Fv/Fm		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
11	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, standard error	Fv/Fm std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
12	Calcium	Ca	%	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
13	Calcium, standard error	Ca std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
14	Magnesium	Mg	%	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
15	Magnesium, standard error	Mg std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
16	Magnesium carbonate, magnesite	MgCO3	%	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
17	Magnesium carbonate, magnesite, standard error	MgCO3 std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
18	δ13C, inorganic carbon	δ13C C inorg	‰ PDB	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
19	δ13C, inorganic carbon, standard error	δ13C C inorg std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
20	Chlorophyll a	Chl a	µg/g	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
21	Chlorophyll a, standard error	Chl a std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
22	Phycocyanin	Phycoc	µg/g	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
23	Phycocyanin, standard error	Phycoc std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
24	Phycoerythrin	Phycoe	µg/g	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
25	Phycoerythrin, standard error	Phycoe std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
26	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
27	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard error	C/N std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
28	δ13C, organic carbon	δ13C Corg	‰ PDB	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
29	δ13C, organic carbon, standard error	δ13C Corg std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
30	δ15N, organic matter	δ15N OM	‰ air	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
31	δ15N, organic matter, standard error	δ15N OM std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
32	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
33	Salinity	Sal		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
34	pH	pH		Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	day, total scale, mixing
35	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	day, total scale, mixing
36	pH	pH		Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	day, total scale, culture
37	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	day, total scale, culture
38	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric titration	day
39	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric titration	day
40	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	day
41	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error	DIC std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	day
42	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	day
43	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	day
44	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	day
45	Carbonate ion, standard error	[CO3]2- std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	day
46	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	day
47	Bicarbonate ion, standard error	[HCO3]- std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	day
48	pH	pH		Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	night, total scale, mixing
49	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	night, total scale, mixing
50	pH	pH		Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	night, total scale, culture
51	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	night, total scale, culture
52	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric titration	night
53	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric titration	night
54	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
55	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error	DIC std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
56	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
57	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
58	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
59	Carbonate ion, standard error	[CO3]2- std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
60	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
61	Bicarbonate ion, standard error	[HCO3]- std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
62	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night
63	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	day
64	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	day
65	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	day
66	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	day
67	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	day
68	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	day
69	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	day
70	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	day
71	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night
72	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night
73	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night
74	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night
75	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night
76	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night
77	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night
78	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	night

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1763 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Treat	3 Inc dur [days]	4 PG O2 [µmol/g/s]	5 PG O2 std e [±]	6 µ [1/day]	7 µ std e [±]	8 Recruitment [#/cm²]	9 Recruitment std e [±]	10 Fv/Fm	11 Fv/Fm std e [±]	12 Ca [%]	13 Ca std e [±]	14 Mg [%]	15 Mg std e [±]	16 MgCO3 [%]	17 MgCO3 std e [±]	18 δ13C C inorg [‰ PDB]	19 δ13C C inorg std e [±]	20 Chl a [µg/g]	21 Chl a std e [±]	22 Phycoc [µg/g]	23 Phycoc std e [±]	24 Phycoe [µg/g]	25 Phycoe std e [±]	26 C/N	27 C/N std e [±]	28 δ13C Corg [‰ PDB]	29 δ13C Corg std e [±]	30 δ15N OM [‰ air]	31 δ15N OM std e [±]	32 Temp [°C]	33 Sal	34 pH (day, total scale, mixing, Pot...)	35 pH std e [±] (day, total scale, mixing, Pot...)	36 pH (day, total scale, culture, Po...)	37 pH std e [±] (day, total scale, culture, Po...)	38 AT [µmol/kg] (day, Potentiometric titration)	39 AT std e [±] (day, Potentiometric titration)	40 DIC [µmol/kg] (day, Calculated)	41 DIC std e [±] (day, Calculated)	42 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (day, Calculated)	43 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (day, Calculated)	44 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (day, Calculated)	45 [CO3]2- std e [±] (day, Calculated)	46 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (day, Calculated)	47 [HCO3]- std e [±] (day, Calculated)	48 pH (night, total scale, mixing, P...)	49 pH std e [±] (night, total scale, mixing, P...)	50 pH (night, total scale, culture, ...)	51 pH std e [±] (night, total scale, culture, ...)	52 AT [µmol/kg] (night, Potentiometric titration)	53 AT std e [±] (night, Potentiometric titration)	54 DIC [µmol/kg] (night, Calculated)	55 DIC std e [±] (night, Calculated)	56 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (night, Calculated)	57 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (night, Calculated)	58 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (night, Calculated)	59 [CO3]2- std e [±] (night, Calculated)	60 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (night, Calculated)	61 [HCO3]- std e [±] (night, Calculated)	62 CSC flag (night, Calculated using seaca...)	63 CO2 [µmol/kg] (day, Calculated using seacarb...)	64 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (day, Calculated using seacarb...)	65 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (day, Calculated using seacarb...)	66 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (day, Calculated using seacarb...)	67 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (day, Calculated using seacarb...)	68 DIC [µmol/kg] (day, Calculated using seacarb...)	69 Omega Arg (day, Calculated using seacarb...)	70 Omega Cal (day, Calculated using seacarb...)	71 CO2 [µmol/kg] (night, Calculated using seaca...)	72 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (night, Calculated using seaca...)	73 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (night, Calculated using seaca...)	74 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (night, Calculated using seaca...)	75 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (night, Calculated using seaca...)	76 DIC [µmol/kg] (night, Calculated using seaca...)	77 Omega Arg (night, Calculated using seaca...)	78 Omega Cal (night, Calculated using seaca...)
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 8.05				0.00398278	0.000585	13.666670	3.818086																							10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.04	0.01	2420	6	2220	2	415	0.3	143	0.1	2060	2	8.04	0.01	8.00	0.01	2420	6	2230	1	422	0.2	142	0.1	2070	1	8	18	429	427	2072	141	2232	2.15	3.38	20	476	475	2099	130	2250	1.98	3.12
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 8.05				0.00142846	0.000752	9.666667	4.071582																							10.8	34.3	8.43	0.01	8.39	0.01	2440	5	2030	2	145	0.1	289	0.3	1730	2	7.65	0.01	7.65	0.01	2400	5	2360	2	1150	0.8	62	0.1	2250	2	8	7	164	164	1775	271	2053	4.12	6.47	49	1141	1137	2246	62	2357	0.95	1.49
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 7.65				0.00148954	0.000835	19.833330	11.634480																							10.8	34.3	7.65	0.01	7.68	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	63	0.1	2250	2	7.65	0.01	7.64	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	62	0.1	2240	2	8	45	1060	1056	2236	66	2348	1.01	1.59	50	1170	1165	2249	61	2360	0.93	1.46
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 7.65				0.00006690	0.000292	15.500000	7.710383																							10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.02	0.01	2420	1	2220	1	410	0.3	144	0.1	2060	1	7.25	0.01	7.32	0.02	2380	1	2470	1	2960	2.0	25	0.1	2320	2	8	19	452	450	2086	136	2241	2.06	3.24	107	2505	2496	2306	30	2443	0.46	0.72
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 8.05	1	0.04	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.04	0.01	2420	6	2220	2	415	0.3	143	0.1	2060	2	8.04	0.01	8.00	0.01	2420	6	2230	1	422	0.2	142	0.1	2070	1	8	18	429	427	2072	141	2232	2.15	3.38	20	476	475	2099	130	2250	1.98	3.12
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 8.05	1	0.03	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.43	0.01	8.39	0.01	2440	5	2030	2	145	0.1	289	0.3	1730	2	7.65	0.01	7.65	0.01	2400	5	2360	2	1150	0.8	62	0.1	2250	2	8	7	164	164	1775	271	2053	4.12	6.47	49	1141	1137	2246	62	2357	0.95	1.49
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 7.65	1	0.04	0.01																											10.8	34.3	7.65	0.01	7.68	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	63	0.1	2250	2	7.65	0.01	7.64	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	62	0.1	2240	2	8	45	1060	1056	2236	66	2348	1.01	1.59	50	1170	1165	2249	61	2360	0.93	1.46
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 7.65	1	0.04	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.02	0.01	2420	1	2220	1	410	0.3	144	0.1	2060	1	7.25	0.01	7.32	0.02	2380	1	2470	1	2960	2.0	25	0.1	2320	2	8	19	452	450	2086	136	2241	2.06	3.24	107	2505	2496	2306	30	2443	0.46	0.72
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 8.05	10	0.07	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.04	0.01	2420	6	2220	2	415	0.3	143	0.1	2060	2	8.04	0.01	8.00	0.01	2420	6	2230	1	422	0.2	142	0.1	2070	1	8	18	429	427	2072	141	2232	2.15	3.38	20	476	475	2099	130	2250	1.98	3.12
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 8.05	10	0.02	0.02																											10.8	34.3	8.43	0.01	8.39	0.01	2440	5	2030	2	145	0.1	289	0.3	1730	2	7.65	0.01	7.65	0.01	2400	5	2360	2	1150	0.8	62	0.1	2250	2	8	7	164	164	1775	271	2053	4.12	6.47	49	1141	1137	2246	62	2357	0.95	1.49
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 7.65	10	0.04	0.01																											10.8	34.3	7.65	0.01	7.68	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	63	0.1	2250	2	7.65	0.01	7.64	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	62	0.1	2240	2	8	45	1060	1056	2236	66	2348	1.01	1.59	50	1170	1165	2249	61	2360	0.93	1.46
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 7.65	10	0.02	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.02	0.01	2420	1	2220	1	410	0.3	144	0.1	2060	1	7.25	0.01	7.32	0.02	2380	1	2470	1	2960	2.0	25	0.1	2320	2	8	19	452	450	2086	136	2241	2.06	3.24	107	2505	2496	2306	30	2443	0.46	0.72
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 8.05	30	0.09	0.02																											10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.04	0.01	2420	6	2220	2	415	0.3	143	0.1	2060	2	8.04	0.01	8.00	0.01	2420	6	2230	1	422	0.2	142	0.1	2070	1	8	18	429	427	2072	141	2232	2.15	3.38	20	476	475	2099	130	2250	1.98	3.12
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 8.05	30	0.05	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.43	0.01	8.39	0.01	2440	5	2030	2	145	0.1	289	0.3	1730	2	7.65	0.01	7.65	0.01	2400	5	2360	2	1150	0.8	62	0.1	2250	2	8	7	164	164	1775	271	2053	4.12	6.47	49	1141	1137	2246	62	2357	0.95	1.49
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 7.65	30	0.05	0.01																											10.8	34.3	7.65	0.01	7.68	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	63	0.1	2250	2	7.65	0.01	7.64	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	62	0.1	2240	2	8	45	1060	1056	2236	66	2348	1.01	1.59	50	1170	1165	2249	61	2360	0.93	1.46
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 7.65	30	0.05	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.02	0.01	2420	1	2220	1	410	0.3	144	0.1	2060	1	7.25	0.01	7.32	0.02	2380	1	2470	1	2960	2.0	25	0.1	2320	2	8	19	452	450	2086	136	2241	2.06	3.24	107	2505	2496	2306	30	2443	0.46	0.72
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 8.05	40	0.05	0.02																											10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.04	0.01	2420	6	2220	2	415	0.3	143	0.1	2060	2	8.04	0.01	8.00	0.01	2420	6	2230	1	422	0.2	142	0.1	2070	1	8	18	429	427	2072	141	2232	2.15	3.38	20	476	475	2099	130	2250	1.98	3.12
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 8.05	40	0.03	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.43	0.01	8.39	0.01	2440	5	2030	2	145	0.1	289	0.3	1730	2	7.65	0.01	7.65	0.01	2400	5	2360	2	1150	0.8	62	0.1	2250	2	8	7	164	164	1775	271	2053	4.12	6.47	49	1141	1137	2246	62	2357	0.95	1.49
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 7.65	40	0.04	0.02																											10.8	34.3	7.65	0.01	7.68	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	63	0.1	2250	2	7.65	0.01	7.64	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	62	0.1	2240	2	8	45	1060	1056	2236	66	2348	1.01	1.59	50	1170	1165	2249	61	2360	0.93	1.46
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 7.65	40	0.03	0.01																											10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.02	0.01	2420	1	2220	1	410	0.3	144	0.1	2060	1	7.25	0.01	7.32	0.02	2380	1	2470	1	2960	2.0	25	0.1	2320	2	8	19	452	450	2086	136	2241	2.06	3.24	107	2505	2496	2306	30	2443	0.46	0.72
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 8.05	0							0.63	0.01																					10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.04	0.01	2420	6	2220	2	415	0.3	143	0.1	2060	2	8.04	0.01	8.00	0.01	2420	6	2230	1	422	0.2	142	0.1	2070	1	8	18	429	427	2072	141	2232	2.15	3.38	20	476	475	2099	130	2250	1.98	3.12
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 8.05	0							0.62	0.01																					10.8	34.3	8.43	0.01	8.39	0.01	2440	5	2030	2	145	0.1	289	0.3	1730	2	7.65	0.01	7.65	0.01	2400	5	2360	2	1150	0.8	62	0.1	2250	2	8	7	164	164	1775	271	2053	4.12	6.47	49	1141	1137	2246	62	2357	0.95	1.49
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 7.65	0							0.57	0.04																					10.8	34.3	7.65	0.01	7.68	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	63	0.1	2250	2	7.65	0.01	7.64	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	62	0.1	2240	2	8	45	1060	1056	2236	66	2348	1.01	1.59	50	1170	1165	2249	61	2360	0.93	1.46
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 7.65	0							0.63	0.01																					10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.02	0.01	2420	1	2220	1	410	0.3	144	0.1	2060	1	7.25	0.01	7.32	0.02	2380	1	2470	1	2960	2.0	25	0.1	2320	2	8	19	452	450	2086	136	2241	2.06	3.24	107	2505	2496	2306	30	2443	0.46	0.72
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 8.05	40							0.57	0.01																					10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.04	0.01	2420	6	2220	2	415	0.3	143	0.1	2060	2	8.04	0.01	8.00	0.01	2420	6	2230	1	422	0.2	142	0.1	2070	1	8	18	429	427	2072	141	2232	2.15	3.38	20	476	475	2099	130	2250	1.98	3.12
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 8.05	40							0.58	0.01																					10.8	34.3	8.43	0.01	8.39	0.01	2440	5	2030	2	145	0.1	289	0.3	1730	2	7.65	0.01	7.65	0.01	2400	5	2360	2	1150	0.8	62	0.1	2250	2	8	7	164	164	1775	271	2053	4.12	6.47	49	1141	1137	2246	62	2357	0.95	1.49
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 7.65	40							0.58	0.01																					10.8	34.3	7.65	0.01	7.68	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	63	0.1	2250	2	7.65	0.01	7.64	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	62	0.1	2240	2	8	45	1060	1056	2236	66	2348	1.01	1.59	50	1170	1165	2249	61	2360	0.93	1.46
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 7.65	40							0.58	0.01																					10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.02	0.01	2420	1	2220	1	410	0.3	144	0.1	2060	1	7.25	0.01	7.32	0.02	2380	1	2470	1	2960	2.0	25	0.1	2320	2	8	19	452	450	2086	136	2241	2.06	3.24	107	2505	2496	2306	30	2443	0.46	0.72
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Initial	0									53	2.5	5.8	0.6	12.3	0.1	-3.8	0.3	1700	200	3	1	9	3	8.0	0.27	-20	0.4	8.1	0.06
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 8.05	40									55	5.3	6.3	0.1	12.4	0.3	-3.2	0.2	2400	400	2	1	9	2	8.8	0.53	-20	0.4	8.1	0.22	10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.04	0.01	2420	6	2220	2	415	0.3	143	0.1	2060	2	8.04	0.01	8.00	0.01	2420	6	2230	1	422	0.2	142	0.1	2070	1	8	18	429	427	2072	141	2232	2.15	3.38	20	476	475	2099	130	2250	1.98	3.12
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 8.05	40									52	2.5	6.0	0.3	11.8	0.2	-3.8	0.3	2100	300	1	1	12	3	9.0	0.38	-20	1.0	7.9	0.14	10.8	34.3	8.43	0.01	8.39	0.01	2440	5	2030	2	145	0.1	289	0.3	1730	2	7.65	0.01	7.65	0.01	2400	5	2360	2	1150	0.8	62	0.1	2250	2	8	7	164	164	1775	271	2053	4.12	6.47	49	1141	1137	2246	62	2357	0.95	1.49
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Static pH 7.65	40									53	1.6	6.1	0.1	12.4	0.2	-3.7	0.3	1500	400	1	1	9	2	9.5	1.80	-22	1.2	7.9	0.17	10.8	34.3	7.65	0.01	7.68	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	63	0.1	2250	2	7.65	0.01	7.64	0.01	2400	6	2360	2	1130	1.0	62	0.1	2240	2	8	45	1060	1056	2236	66	2348	1.01	1.59	50	1170	1165	2249	61	2360	0.93	1.46
Arthrocardia corymbosa (macroalga)	Fluctuating pH 7.65	40									55	2.5	6.2	0.2	12.9	0.4	-4.0	0.4	2600	300	1	1	8	2	8.2	0.29	-22	0.6	8.0	0.18	10.8	34.3	8.05	0.01	8.02	0.01	2420	1	2220	1	410	0.3	144	0.1	2060	1	7.25	0.01	7.32	0.02	2380	1	2470	1	2960	2.0	25	0.1	2320	2	8	19	452	450	2086	136	2241	2.06	3.24	107	2505	2496	2306	30	2443	0.46	0.72