Citation:

w5041890

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Abstract:

Larval stages are among those most vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Projected atmospheric CO2 levels for the end of this century may lead to negative impacts on communities dominated by calcifying taxa with planktonic life stages. We exposed Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sperm and early life stages to pHT levels of 8.0 (current pH) and 7.6 (2100 level) by manipulating pCO2 level (380 and 1000 ppm). Sperm activity was examined at ambient temperatures (16-17 °C) using individual males as replicates. We also assessed the effects of temperature (ambient and = 20 °C) and pH on larval size, survival, respiration and calcification of late trochophore/early D-veliger stages using a cross-factorial design. Increased pCO2 had a negative effect on the percentage of motile sperm (mean response ratio R= 71%) and sperm swimming speed (R= 74%), possibly indicating reduced fertilization capacity of sperm in low concentrations. Increased temperature had a more prominent effect on larval stages than pCO2, reducing performance (RSize = 90% and RSurvival = 70%) and increasing energy demand (RRespiration = 429%). We observed no significant interactions between pCO2 and temperature. Our results suggest that increasing temperature might have a larger impact on very early larval stages of M. galloprovincialis than OA at levels predicted for the end of the century.

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloise; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate (MedSeA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-06-05.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method	Comment
1	Species	Species		Vihtakari, Mikko
2	Individual code	Individual code		Vihtakari, Mikko
3	Identification	ID		Vihtakari, Mikko
4	Treatment	Treat		Vihtakari, Mikko
5	Size	Size	µm	Vihtakari, Mikko		max
6	Larvae	Larvae	#	Vihtakari, Mikko		average
7	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/l/h	Vihtakari, Mikko
8	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error	Resp O2 std e	±	Vihtakari, Mikko
9	Abundance per volume	Abund v	#/m³	Vihtakari, Mikko
10	Respiration rate, oxygen, per individual	Resp O2/ind	pmol/#/h	Vihtakari, Mikko
11	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error	Resp O2 std e	±	Vihtakari, Mikko
12	Date	Date		Vihtakari, Mikko
13	Calcification rate of carbon	Calc rate C	µg/l/day	Vihtakari, Mikko
14	Calcification rate of carbon per individual	Calc rate C/ind	µg/#/day	Vihtakari, Mikko
15	Replicate	Replicate		Vihtakari, Mikko
16	Larvae	Larvae	#	Vihtakari, Mikko		initial, per cylinder
17	Larvae	Larvae	#	Vihtakari, Mikko		58 h after fertilization, per cylinder
18	Survival	Survival	%	Vihtakari, Mikko
19	Sperm motility	Sperm motility	%	Vihtakari, Mikko
20	Sperm motility, standard error	Sperm motility std e	±	Vihtakari, Mikko
21	Sperm motility, standard deviation	Sperm motility std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko
22	Replicates	Repl	#	Vihtakari, Mikko
23	Speed, swimming	Sp swim	µm/s	Vihtakari, Mikko		sperm
24	Speed, swimming, standard error	Sp swim std e	±	Vihtakari, Mikko		sperm
25	Speed, swimming, standard deviation	Sp swim std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko		sperm
26	Salinity	Sal		Vihtakari, Mikko
27	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Vihtakari, Mikko		0.5 h after fertilization
28	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko		0.5 h after fertilization
29	pH	pH		Vihtakari, Mikko	Spectrophotometric	total scale, measured at 25 °C, 0.5 h after fertilization
30	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Spectrophotometric	total scale, measured at 25 °C, 0.5 h after fertilization
31	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Vihtakari, Mikko		0.5 h after fertilization
32	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko		0.5 h after fertilization
33	pH	pH		Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	total scale, in situ, 0.5 h after fertilization
34	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	total scale, in situ, 0.5 h after fertilization
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	ppmv	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	0.5 h after fertilization
36	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	0.5 h after fertilization
37	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	0.5 h after fertilization
38	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	0.5 h after fertilization
39	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	0.5 h after fertilization
40	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	0.5 h after fertilization
41	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Vihtakari, Mikko		47.5 h after fertilization
42	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko		47.5 h after fertilization
43	pH	pH		Vihtakari, Mikko	Spectrophotometric	total scale, measured at 25 °C, 47.5 h after fertilization
44	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Spectrophotometric	total scale, measured at 25 °C, 47.5 h after fertilization
45	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Vihtakari, Mikko		47.5 h after fertilization
46	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko		47.5 h after fertilization
47	pH	pH		Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	total scale, in situ, 47.5 h after fertilization
48	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	total scale, in situ, 47.5 h after fertilization
49	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	ppmv	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	47.5 h after fertilization
50	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	47.5 h after fertilization
51	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	47.5 h after fertilization
52	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	47.5 h after fertilization
53	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	47.5 h after fertilization
54	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Vihtakari, Mikko	Calculated using CO2SYS	47.5 h after fertilization
55	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale, 0.5 h after fertilization
57	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	0.5 h after fertilization
58	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	0.5 h after fertilization
59	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	0.5 h after fertilization
60	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	0.5 h after fertilization
61	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	0.5 h after fertilization
62	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	0.5 h after fertilization
63	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	0.5 h after fertilization
64	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	0.5 h after fertilization
65	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale, 0.5 h after fertilization
66	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	47.5 h after fertilization
67	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	47.5 h after fertilization
68	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	47.5 h after fertilization
69	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	47.5 h after fertilization
70	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	47.5 h after fertilization
71	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	47.5 h after fertilization
72	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	47.5 h after fertilization
73	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	47.5 h after fertilization

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