Vihtakari, Mikko; Hendriks, Iris; Holding, Johnna; Renaud, Paul E; Duarte, Carlos Manuel; Havenhand, Jonathan N (2013): Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Sperm Activity and Early Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.833257, Supplement to: Vihtakari, M et al. (2013): Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Sperm Activity and Early Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Water, 5(4), 1890-1915, https://doi.org/10.3390/w5041890
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Abstract:
Larval stages are among those most vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Projected atmospheric CO2 levels for the end of this century may lead to negative impacts on communities dominated by calcifying taxa with planktonic life stages. We exposed Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sperm and early life stages to pHT levels of 8.0 (current pH) and 7.6 (2100 level) by manipulating pCO2 level (380 and 1000 ppm). Sperm activity was examined at ambient temperatures (16-17 °C) using individual males as replicates. We also assessed the effects of temperature (ambient and = 20 °C) and pH on larval size, survival, respiration and calcification of late trochophore/early D-veliger stages using a cross-factorial design. Increased pCO2 had a negative effect on the percentage of motile sperm (mean response ratio R= 71%) and sperm swimming speed (R= 74%), possibly indicating reduced fertilization capacity of sperm in low concentrations. Increased temperature had a more prominent effect on larval stages than pCO2, reducing performance (RSize = 90% and RSurvival = 70%) and increasing energy demand (RRespiration = 429%). We observed no significant interactions between pCO2 and temperature. Our results suggest that increasing temperature might have a larger impact on very early larval stages of M. galloprovincialis than OA at levels predicted for the end of the century.
Keyword(s):
Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mediterranean Sea; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Pelagos; Reproduction; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Temperature; Zooplankton
Further details:
Lavigne, Héloise; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb
Project(s):
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-06-05.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Species | Species | Vihtakari, Mikko | |||
| 2 | Individual code | Individual code | Vihtakari, Mikko | |||
| 3 | Identification | ID | Vihtakari, Mikko | |||
| 4 | Treatment | Treat | Vihtakari, Mikko | |||
| 5 | Size | Size | µm | Vihtakari, Mikko | max | |
| 6 | Larvae | Larvae | # | Vihtakari, Mikko | average | |
| 7 | Respiration rate, oxygen | Resp O2 | µmol/l/h | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 8 | Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error | Resp O2 std e | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 9 | Abundance per volume | Abund v | #/m3 | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 10 | Respiration rate, oxygen, per individual | Resp O2/ind | pmol/#/h | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 11 | Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error | Resp O2 std e | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 12 | Date | Date | Vihtakari, Mikko | |||
| 13 | Calcification rate of carbon | Calc rate C | µg/l/day | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 14 | Calcification rate of carbon per individual | Calc rate C/ind | µg/#/day | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 15 | Replicate | Replicate | Vihtakari, Mikko | |||
| 16 | Larvae | Larvae | # | Vihtakari, Mikko | initial, per cylinder | |
| 17 | Larvae | Larvae | # | Vihtakari, Mikko | 58 h after fertilization, per cylinder | |
| 18 | Survival | Survival | % | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 19 | Sperm motility | Sperm motility | % | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 20 | Sperm motility, standard error | Sperm motility std e | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 21 | Sperm motility, standard deviation | Sperm motility std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 22 | Replicates | Repl | # | Vihtakari, Mikko | ||
| 23 | Speed, swimming | Sp swim | µm/s | Vihtakari, Mikko | sperm | |
| 24 | Speed, swimming, standard error | Sp swim std e | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | sperm | |
| 25 | Speed, swimming, standard deviation | Sp swim std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | sperm | |
| 26 | Salinity | Sal | Vihtakari, Mikko | |||
| 27 | Temperature, water | Temp | °C | Vihtakari, Mikko | 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 28 | Temperature, water, standard deviation | Temp std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 29 | pH | pH | Vihtakari, Mikko | Spectrophotometric | total scale, measured at 25 °C, 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 30 | pH, standard deviation | pH std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Spectrophotometric | total scale, measured at 25 °C, 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 31 | Carbon, inorganic, dissolved | DIC | µmol/kg | Vihtakari, Mikko | 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 32 | Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation | DIC std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 33 | pH | pH | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | total scale, in situ, 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 34 | pH, standard deviation | pH std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | total scale, in situ, 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 35 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) | pCO2water_SST_wet | ppmv | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 36 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation | pCO2 std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 37 | Alkalinity, total | AT | µmol/kg | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 38 | Alkalinity, total, standard deviation | AT std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 39 | Aragonite saturation state | Omega Arg | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 40 | Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation | Omega Arg std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 41 | Temperature, water | Temp | °C | Vihtakari, Mikko | 47.5 h after fertilization | |
| 42 | Temperature, water, standard deviation | Temp std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | 47.5 h after fertilization | |
| 43 | pH | pH | Vihtakari, Mikko | Spectrophotometric | total scale, measured at 25 °C, 47.5 h after fertilization | |
| 44 | pH, standard deviation | pH std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Spectrophotometric | total scale, measured at 25 °C, 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 45 | Carbon, inorganic, dissolved | DIC | µmol/kg | Vihtakari, Mikko | 47.5 h after fertilization | |
| 46 | Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation | DIC std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | 47.5 h after fertilization | |
| 47 | pH | pH | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | total scale, in situ, 47.5 h after fertilization | |
| 48 | pH, standard deviation | pH std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | total scale, in situ, 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 49 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) | pCO2water_SST_wet | ppmv | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 50 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation | pCO2 std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 51 | Alkalinity, total | AT | µmol/kg | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 52 | Alkalinity, total, standard deviation | AT std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 53 | Aragonite saturation state | Omega Arg | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 47.5 h after fertilization | |
| 54 | Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation | Omega Arg std dev | ± | Vihtakari, Mikko | Calculated using CO2SYS | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 55 | Carbonate system computation flag | CSC flag | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | ||
| 56 | pH | pH | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | total scale, 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 57 | Carbon dioxide | CO2 | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 58 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) | pCO2water_SST_wet | µatm | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 59 | Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) | fCO2water_SST_wet | µatm | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 60 | Bicarbonate ion | [HCO3]- | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 61 | Carbonate ion | [CO3]2- | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 62 | Alkalinity, total | AT | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 0.5 h after fertilization |
| 63 | Aragonite saturation state | Omega Arg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 64 | Calcite saturation state | Omega Cal | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 65 | pH | pH | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | total scale, 0.5 h after fertilization | |
| 66 | Carbon dioxide | CO2 | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 67 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) | pCO2water_SST_wet | µatm | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 68 | Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) | fCO2water_SST_wet | µatm | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 69 | Bicarbonate ion | [HCO3]- | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 70 | Carbonate ion | [CO3]2- | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 71 | Alkalinity, total | AT | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 47.5 h after fertilization |
| 72 | Aragonite saturation state | Omega Arg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 47.5 h after fertilization | |
| 73 | Calcite saturation state | Omega Cal | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | 47.5 h after fertilization |
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