Citation:

ngeo1635

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and proportion of different dissolution levels in live juvenile Limacina helicina antarctica from the natural environment and ship-board incubations
Published: 2012
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina; Mollusca; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Single species; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

The carbonate chemistry of the surface ocean is rapidly changing with ocean acidification, a result of human activities. In the upper layers of the Southern Ocean, aragonite-a metastable form of calcium carbonate with rapid dissolution kinetics-may become undersaturated by 2050. Aragonite undersaturation is likely to affect aragonite-shelled organisms, which can dominate surface water communities in polar regions. Here we present analyses of specimens of the pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica that were extracted live from the Southern Ocean early in 2008. We sampled from the top 200 m of the water column, where aragonite saturation levels were around 1, as upwelled deep water is mixed with surface water containing anthropogenic CO2. Comparing the shell structure with samples from aragonite-supersaturated regions elsewhere under a scanning electron microscope, we found severe levels of shell dissolution in the undersaturated region alone. According to laboratory incubations of intact samples with a range of aragonite saturation levels, eight days of incubation in aragonite saturation levels of 0.94-1.12 produces equivalent levels of dissolution. As deep-water upwelling and CO2 absorption by surface waters is likely to increase as a result of human activities, we conclude that upper ocean regions where aragonite-shelled organisms are affected by dissolution are likely to expand.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina; Mollusca; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Single species; Zooplankton

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -55.000000 * Median Longitude: -41.000000 * South-bound Latitude: -60.000000 * West-bound Longitude: -48.000000 * North-bound Latitude: -50.000000 * East-bound Longitude: -34.000000

Date/Time Start: 2008-02-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2008-02-28T00:00:00

Event(s):

Scotia_OA * Latitude Start: -50.000000 * Longitude Start: -34.000000 * Latitude End: -60.000000 * Longitude End: -48.000000 * Date/Time Start: 2008-02-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2008-02-28T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-05-29.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Tarling, Geraint A
2	Station label	Station		Tarling, Geraint A
3	Experiment	Exp		Tarling, Geraint A
4	Incubation duration	Inc dur	days	Tarling, Geraint A
5	Time point, descriptive	Time point		Tarling, Geraint A
6	Salinity	Sal		Tarling, Geraint A
7	Phosphate	PHSPHT	µmol/kg	Tarling, Geraint A
8	Silicate	SILCAT	µmol/kg	Tarling, Geraint A
9	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Tarling, Geraint A
10	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Tarling, Geraint A	Potentiometric titration
11	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Tarling, Geraint A	Coulometric titration
12	pH	pH		Tarling, Geraint A	Calculated using CO2SYS
13	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Tarling, Geraint A	Calculated using CO2SYS
14	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Tarling, Geraint A	Calculated using CO2SYS
15	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Tarling, Geraint A	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Tarling, Geraint A	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Tarling, Geraint A	Calculated using CO2SYS
18	Dissolution level	Diss level		Tarling, Geraint A
19	Percentage	Perc	%	Tarling, Geraint A		shell affected by damage type
20	Percentage, standard deviation	Perc std dev	±	Tarling, Geraint A		shell affected by damage type
21	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
23	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

904 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Station	3 Exp	4 Inc dur [days]	5 Time point	6 Sal	7 PHSPHT [µmol/kg]	8 SILCAT [µmol/kg]	9 Temp [°C]	10 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	11 DIC [µmol/kg] (Coulometric titration)	12 pH (Calculated using CO2SYS)	13 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	14 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	15 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	16 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	18 Diss level	19 Perc [%] (shell affected by damage type)	20 Perc std dev [±] (shell affected by damage type)	21 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	23 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Supersaturation live juveniles (exp. Control, 14 d)	14	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2361.2	2218.60	8.05	405.00	21.90	2088.10	108.60	1.64	No damage			15	8.05	22	406	404	2088	109	1.64	2.61
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Supersaturation live juveniles (exp. Control, 14 d)	14	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2328.7	2221.30	7.95	506.00	27.40	2106.00	88.30	1.34	No damage	31.98	12.72000	15	7.95	27	507	505	2105	88	1.34	2.12
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Transitional live juveniles (8 d)	8	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2291.0	2211.00	7.87	610.14	33.07	2104.52	73.41	1.11	No damage			15	7.87	33	610	608	2105	73	1.11	1.76
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Transitional live juveniles (8 d)	8	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2297.0	2234.00	7.82	701.00	38.00	2130.52	65.48	0.99	No damage	4.00	15.00000	15	7.82	38	701	698	2131	65	0.99	1.57
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (4 d)	4	start	33.82	1.15	10.07	4	2332.0	2300.97	7.71	913.00	49.50	2197.70	53.30	0.81	No damage			15	7.71	50	922	918	2198	53	0.80	1.27
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (4 d)	4	end	33.82	1.15	10.07	4	2314.2	2290.10	7.69	967.00	52.45	2187.70	49.80	0.75	No damage	15.00	12.00000	15	7.69	53	969	965	2188	50	0.76	1.20
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (14 d)	14	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2336.7	2298.30	7.73	872.00	47.30	2195.40	55.70	0.84	No damage			15	7.73	47	874	870	2195	56	0.84	1.34
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (14 d)	14	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2323.9	2298.30	7.72	895.00	48.50	2186.60	53.90	0.81	No damage	13.00	5.00000	15	7.69	52	966	962	2195	50	0.76	1.21
Limacina helicina (mollusk)	Su3,Su4,Su5,Su7,Su8																No damage	92.51	11.85000
Limacina helicina (mollusk)	Su9																No damage	0.15	0.67082
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Supersaturation live juveniles (exp. Control, 14 d)	14	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2361.2	2218.60	8.05	405.00	21.90	2088.10	108.60	1.64	Level I damage			15	8.05	22	406	404	2088	109	1.64	2.61
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Supersaturation live juveniles (exp. Control, 14 d)	14	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2328.7	2221.30	7.95	506.00	27.40	2106.00	88.30	1.34	Level I damage	48.72	18.90000	15	7.95	27	507	505	2105	88	1.34	2.12
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Transitional live juveniles (8 d)	8	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2291.0	2211.00	7.87	610.14	33.07	2104.52	73.41	1.11	Level I damage			15	7.87	33	610	608	2105	73	1.11	1.76
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Transitional live juveniles (8 d)	8	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2297.0	2234.00	7.82	701.00	38.00	2130.52	65.48	0.99	Level I damage	80.00	15.00000	15	7.82	38	701	698	2131	65	0.99	1.57
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (4 d)	4	start	33.82	1.15	10.07	4	2332.0	2300.97	7.71	913.00	49.50	2197.70	53.30	0.81	Level I damage			15	7.71	50	922	918	2198	53	0.80	1.27
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (4 d)	4	end	33.82	1.15	10.07	4	2314.2	2290.10	7.69	967.00	52.45	2187.70	49.80	0.75	Level I damage	55.00	9.00000	15	7.69	53	969	965	2188	50	0.76	1.20
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (14 d)	14	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2336.7	2298.30	7.73	872.00	47.30	2195.40	55.70	0.84	Level I damage			15	7.73	47	874	870	2195	56	0.84	1.34
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (14 d)	14	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2323.9	2298.30	7.72	895.00	48.50	2186.60	53.90	0.81	Level I damage	31.00	12.00000	15	7.69	52	966	962	2195	50	0.76	1.21
Limacina helicina (mollusk)	Su3,Su4,Su5,Su7,Su8																Level I damage	7.32	11.95000
Limacina helicina (mollusk)	Su9																Level I damage	67.35	40.74000
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Supersaturation live juveniles (exp. Control, 14 d)	14	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2361.2	2218.60	8.05	405.00	21.90	2088.10	108.60	1.64	Level II damage			15	8.05	22	406	404	2088	109	1.64	2.61
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Supersaturation live juveniles (exp. Control, 14 d)	14	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2328.7	2221.30	7.95	506.00	27.40	2106.00	88.30	1.34	Level II damage	8.99	6.33000	15	7.95	27	507	505	2105	88	1.34	2.12
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Transitional live juveniles (8 d)	8	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2291.0	2211.00	7.87	610.14	33.07	2104.52	73.41	1.11	Level II damage			15	7.87	33	610	608	2105	73	1.11	1.76
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Transitional live juveniles (8 d)	8	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2297.0	2234.00	7.82	701.00	38.00	2130.52	65.48	0.99	Level II damage	15.00	10.00000	15	7.82	38	701	698	2131	65	0.99	1.57
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (4 d)	4	start	33.82	1.15	10.07	4	2332.0	2300.97	7.71	913.00	49.50	2197.70	53.30	0.81	Level II damage			15	7.71	50	922	918	2198	53	0.80	1.27
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (4 d)	4	end	33.82	1.15	10.07	4	2314.2	2290.10	7.69	967.00	52.45	2187.70	49.80	0.75	Level II damage	26.00	6.00000	15	7.69	53	969	965	2188	50	0.76	1.20
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (14 d)	14	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2336.7	2298.30	7.73	872.00	47.30	2195.40	55.70	0.84	Level II damage			15	7.73	47	874	870	2195	56	0.84	1.34
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (14 d)	14	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2323.9	2298.30	7.72	895.00	48.50	2186.60	53.90	0.81	Level II damage	25.00	7.00000	15	7.69	52	966	962	2195	50	0.76	1.21
Limacina helicina (mollusk)	Su3,Su4,Su5,Su7,Su8																Level II damage	0.00	0.00000
Limacina helicina (mollusk)	Su9																Level II damage	31.70	40.37000
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Supersaturation live juveniles (exp. Control, 14 d)	14	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2361.2	2218.60	8.05	405.00	21.90	2088.10	108.60	1.64	Level III damage			15	8.05	22	406	404	2088	109	1.64	2.61
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Supersaturation live juveniles (exp. Control, 14 d)	14	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2328.7	2221.30	7.95	506.00	27.40	2106.00	88.30	1.34	Level III damage	0.00	0.00000	15	7.95	27	507	505	2105	88	1.34	2.12
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Transitional live juveniles (8 d)	8	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2291.0	2211.00	7.87	610.14	33.07	2104.52	73.41	1.11	Level III damage			15	7.87	33	610	608	2105	73	1.11	1.76
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Transitional live juveniles (8 d)	8	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2297.0	2234.00	7.82	701.00	38.00	2130.52	65.48	0.99	Level III damage	1.00	3.00000	15	7.82	38	701	698	2131	65	0.99	1.57
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (4 d)	4	start	33.82	1.15	10.07	4	2332.0	2300.97	7.71	913.00	49.50	2197.70	53.30	0.81	Level III damage			15	7.71	50	922	918	2198	53	0.80	1.27
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (4 d)	4	end	33.82	1.15	10.07	4	2314.2	2290.10	7.69	967.00	52.45	2187.70	49.80	0.75	Level III damage	4.00	3.00000	15	7.69	53	969	965	2188	50	0.76	1.20
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (14 d)	14	start	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2336.7	2298.30	7.73	872.00	47.30	2195.40	55.70	0.84	Level III damage			15	7.73	47	874	870	2195	56	0.84	1.34
Limacina helicina (mollusk)		Undersaturation live juveniles (14 d)	14	end	33.83	1.80	12.52	4	2323.9	2298.30	7.72	895.00	48.50	2186.60	53.90	0.81	Level III damage	31.00	6.00000	15	7.69	52	966	962	2195	50	0.76	1.21
Limacina helicina (mollusk)	Su3,Su4,Su5,Su7,Su8																Level III damage	0.00	0.00000
Limacina helicina (mollusk)	Su9																Level III damage	0.65	2.91000