Citation:

ngeo1441

Name: Adaptive evolution of a key phytoplankton species to ocean acidification
Published: 2012
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification, the drop in seawater pH associated with the ongoing enrichment of marine waters with carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning, may seriously impair marine calcifying organisms. Our present understanding of the sensitivity of marine life to ocean acidification is based primarily on short-term experiments, in which organisms are exposed to increased concentrations of CO2. However, phytoplankton species with short generation times, in particular, may be able to respond to environmental alterations through adaptive evolution. Here, we examine the ability of the world's single most important calcifying organism, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, to evolve in response to ocean acidification in two 500-generation selection experiments. Specifically, we exposed E. huxleyi populations founded by single or multiple clones to increased concentrations of CO2. Around 500 asexual generations later we assessed their fitness. Compared with populations kept at ambient CO2 partial pressure, those selected at increased partial pressure exhibited higher growth rates, in both the single- and multiclone experiment, when tested under ocean acidification conditions. Calcification was partly restored: rates were lower under increased CO2 conditions in all cultures, but were up to 50% higher in adapted compared with non-adapted cultures. We suggest that contemporary evolution could help to maintain the functionality of microbial processes at the base of marine food webs in the face of global change.

Keyword(s):

Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0 [webpage]. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-05-12.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Lohbeck, Kai T
2	Experiment	Exp		Lohbeck, Kai T
3	Treatment	Treat		Lohbeck, Kai T		µatm pCO2
4	Treatment	Treat		Lohbeck, Kai T		selection condition µatm pCO2
5	Treatment	Treat		Lohbeck, Kai T		assay condition µatm pCO2
6	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Lohbeck, Kai T
7	Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell	POC/cell	pg/#	Lohbeck, Kai T
8	Carbon, inorganic, particulate, per cell	PIC/cell	pg/#	Lohbeck, Kai T
9	Carbon, organic, particulate, production per cell	POC prod/cell	pg/#/day	Lohbeck, Kai T
10	Carbon, inorganic, particulate, production per cell	PIC prod/cell	pg/#/day	Lohbeck, Kai T
11	Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio	PIC/POC		Lohbeck, Kai T
12	Cell size	Cell size	µm	Lohbeck, Kai T
13	Salinity	Sal		Lohbeck, Kai T		selection condition
14	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Lohbeck, Kai T		selection condition
15	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		selection condition
16	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		selection condition
17	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		selection condition
18	pH	pH		Lohbeck, Kai T		total scale, selection condition
19	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Lohbeck, Kai T		selection condition
20	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Lohbeck, Kai T		selection condition
21	Salinity	Sal		Lohbeck, Kai T		assay condition
22	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Lohbeck, Kai T		assay condition
23	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		assay condition
24	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		assay condition
25	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Lohbeck, Kai T		assay condition
26	pH	pH		Lohbeck, Kai T		total scale, assay condition
27	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Lohbeck, Kai T		assay condition
28	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Lohbeck, Kai T		assay condition
29	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale, selection condition
31	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	selection condition
32	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	selection condition
33	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	selection condition
34	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	selection condition
35	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	selection condition
36	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	selection condition
37	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	selection condition
38	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale, assay condition
39	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	assay condition
40	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	assay condition
41	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	assay condition
42	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	assay condition
43	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	assay condition
44	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	assay condition
45	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	assay condition

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

3150 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Exp	3 Treat (µatm pCO2)	4 Treat (selection condition µatm pCO2)	5 Treat (assay condition µatm pCO2)	6 µ [1/day]	7 POC/cell [pg/#]	8 PIC/cell [pg/#]	9 POC prod/cell [pg/#/day]	10 PIC prod/cell [pg/#/day]	11 PIC/POC	12 Cell size [µm]	13 Sal (selection condition)	14 Temp [°C] (selection condition)	15 [PO4]3- [µmol/kg] (selection condition)	16 AT [µmol/kg] (selection condition)	17 DIC [µmol/kg] (selection condition)	18 pH (total scale, selection condition)	19 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (selection condition)	20 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (selection condition)	21 Sal (assay condition)	22 Temp [°C] (assay condition)	23 [PO4]3- [µmol/kg] (assay condition)	24 AT [µmol/kg] (assay condition)	25 DIC [µmol/kg] (assay condition)	26 pH (total scale, assay condition)	27 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (assay condition)	28 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (assay condition)	29 CSC flag	30 pH (total scale, selection condition)	31 CO2 [µmol/kg] (selection condition)	32 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (selection condition)	33 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (selection condition)	34 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (selection condition)	35 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (selection condition)	36 Omega Arg (selection condition)	37 Omega Cal (selection condition)	38 pH (total scale, assay condition)	39 CO2 [µmol/kg] (assay condition)	40 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (assay condition)	41 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (assay condition)	42 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (assay condition)	43 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (assay condition)	44 Omega Arg (assay condition)	45 Omega Cal (assay condition)
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.209	8.914	6.608	10.776	7.989	0.741	4.964	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.225	7.559	6.264	9.256	7.670	0.829	5.006	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.202	8.071	6.654	9.705	8.001	0.824	5.136	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.224	7.252	5.860	8.879	7.175	0.808	4.951	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.207	7.329	5.935	8.845	7.162	0.810	4.892	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.102	8.355	5.268	9.204	5.804	0.631	4.922	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.100	8.485	5.600	9.329	6.157	0.660	4.954	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.129	9.034	5.522	10.202	6.236	0.611	4.989	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.109	8.217	5.807	9.110	6.438	0.707	4.925	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.132	8.434	5.480	9.546	6.203	0.650	4.920	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	1.019	10.376	5.544	10.568	5.646	0.534	4.953	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	1.027	10.000	4.705	10.273	4.834	0.471	4.948	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	1.030	14.654	6.974	15.091	7.182	0.476	4.976	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	1.027	10.007	5.524	10.273	5.670	0.552	4.978	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	1.002	10.663	5.310	10.689	5.323	0.498	4.911	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.118	8.820	5.237	9.856	5.852	0.594	4.826	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.091	10.186	6.338	11.113	6.915	0.622	4.901	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.070	9.336	5.766	9.987	6.168	0.618	4.866	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.083	9.408	5.476	10.192	5.933	0.582	4.906	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.070	9.460	5.855	10.126	6.267	0.619	4.889	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.958	11.423	4.988	10.940	4.777	0.437	4.735	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.954	10.487	4.871	9.999	4.644	0.464	4.665	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.953	11.139	6.374	10.617	6.075	0.572	4.699	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.961	10.957	4.376	10.532	4.206	0.399	4.677	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.943	11.504	4.092	10.847	3.858	0.356	4.681	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	15	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.167	9.486	6.908	11.066	8.058	0.728	4.808	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.199	8.172	6.395	9.796	7.666	0.783	4.858	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.169	9.415	6.541	11.006	7.647	0.695	5.039	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.185	7.715	6.932	9.145	8.217	0.899	4.938	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.156	9.155	6.623	10.587	7.658	0.723	4.978	34.1	15	4	2387.349854	2309.132813	7.675818920	1102.5777590	1106.5736690	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.69	39	1049	1045	2192	78	1.20	1.87	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.123	9.008	7.926	10.116	8.901	0.880	5.135	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.134	9.978	8.308	11.310	9.417	0.833	5.235	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.116	9.772	8.872	10.902	9.899	0.908	5.231	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.116	9.698	8.546	10.820	9.535	0.881	5.159	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Multi-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.137	9.024	8.246	10.257	9.372	0.914	5.159	34.1	15	4	2392.330078	2383.852295	7.467534065	1859.0159300	1865.7532350	34.1	15	4	2376.946289	2109.197876	8.113064766	351.7730255	353.0478973	15	7.47	67	1783	1777	2268	49	0.75	1.18	8.13	12	327	326	1908	189	2.91	4.53
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.104	10.445	8.460	11.514	8.460	0.810	5.209	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.099	10.190	9.083	11.180	9.083	0.891	5.204	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.083	10.995	8.904	11.890	8.904	0.810	5.242	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.100	9.502	7.905	10.442	7.905	0.832	5.093	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 400	400	400	1.084	10.092	6.834	10.931	6.834	0.677	5.075	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.017	12.861	7.576	13.061	7.695	0.589	5.188	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.021	13.980	7.449	14.262	7.599	0.533	5.207	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.036	13.310	7.474	13.768	7.731	0.562	5.197	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.021	13.149	7.517	13.414	7.669	0.572	5.156	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 1100	1100	1100	1.045	12.384	7.194	12.927	7.510	0.581	5.132	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	0.911	17.069	4.863	15.523	4.423	0.285	4.874	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	0.956	14.655	5.470	13.991	5.222	0.373	4.882	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	0.944	15.849	6.064	14.943	5.717	0.383	4.858	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	0.937	16.081	6.233	15.045	5.832	0.388	4.876	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 2200	2200	2200	0.933	14.759	5.593	13.746	5.209	0.379	4.851	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.014	11.768	6.970	11.921	7.061	0.592	5.075	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.019	12.526	6.176	12.746	6.285	0.493	5.140	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.025	12.315	6.018	12.607	6.161	0.489	5.124	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	1.017	11.662	6.566	11.847	6.671	0.563	5.149	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 1100	400	1100	0.999	13.041	6.408	13.013	6.394	0.491	5.080	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.909	16.163	1.277	14.674	1.159	0.079	4.843	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.898	16.424	4.081	14.732	3.661	0.248	4.834	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.924	14.697	4.227	13.562	3.901	0.288	4.847	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.891	16.149	4.603	14.374	4.097	0.285	4.802	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	400 --> 2200	400	2200	0.853	16.852	5.535	14.360	4.716	0.328	4.840	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	15	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.117	8.810	7.223	9.828	8.058	0.820	5.214	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.128	8.529	7.525	9.608	8.477	0.882	5.237	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.120	9.320	7.130	10.422	7.974	0.765	5.262	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.128	8.388	6.708	9.453	7.559	0.800	5.132	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	1100 --> 400	1100	400	1.102	8.865	7.388	9.757	8.131	0.833	5.191	34.1	15	4	2388.954834	2299.398315	7.707346201	1024.0480350	1027.7592770	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.72	36	967	963	2179	84	1.29	2.00	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.109	8.407	7.140	9.310	7.907	0.849	5.147	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.123	8.299	7.749	9.312	8.695	0.934	5.176	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.107	8.589	7.097	9.496	7.847	0.826	5.177	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.120	8.714	7.322	9.753	8.194	0.840	5.181	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39
Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	Single-clone experiment	2200 --> 400	2200	400	1.118	8.971	7.366	10.016	8.224	0.821	5.242	34.1	15	4	2394.445068	2408.278198	7.400411844	2168.3809810	2176.2395020	34.1	15	4	2383.287842	2124.973267	8.095461369	368.8650970	370.2019043	15	7.40	79	2109	2101	2287	42	0.65	1.01	8.12	13	345	344	1929	183	2.82	4.39