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Fernández-Méndez, Mar; Wenzhöfer, Frank; Peeken, Ilka; Sørensen, Heidi L; Glud, Ronnie N; Hendricks, Stefan; Nicolaus, Marcel; Katlein, Christian; Nöthig, Eva-Maria; Bakker, Karel; Boetius, Antje (2014): Biogeochemical characterization of pennate diatom and Melosira arctica ice algal aggregates in the Central Arctic Ocean collected in summer 2011 and 2012 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.832345, Supplement to: Fernández-Méndez, Mar; Wenzhöfer, Frank; Peeken, Ilka; Sørensen, Heidi L; Glud, Ronnie N; Boetius, Antje; Vopel, Kay (2014): Composition, Buoyancy Regulation and Fate of Ice Algal Aggregates in the Central Arctic Ocean. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e107452, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107452

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Abstract:
Sea-ice diatoms are known to accumulate in large aggregates in and under the sea ice including melt ponds. In the Arctic, they can contribute substantially to particle export when sinking from the ice. The role and regulation of microbial aggregation in the highly seasonal, nutrient- and light-limited Arctic sea-ice ecosystem is not yet well understood, and may vary in relation to the fate of the Arctic sea-ice cover. To elucidate the mechanism controlling the formation and export of algal aggregates from sea ice, we investigated samples taken in late summer 2011 and 2012, during two cruises to the Eurasian Basin of the Central Arctic Ocean. Dense, spherical aggregates composed mainly of pennate diatoms, and filamentous aggregates formed by Melosira arctica were found in different degradation stages, with carbon to Chlorophyll a ratios ranging from 110 to 66700, and carbon to nitrogen molar ratios of 8-35 and 9-40, respectively. Fresh sub-ice algal aggregate densities ranged between 1 and 17 aggregates/m**2, corresponding to a net primary production of 0.4-40 mg C/m**2/d, contributing 3-80% of total biomass and up to 94% of total production at a local scale. A key factor controlling buoyancy of the aggregates was light intensity, regulating photosynthetic oxygen production and flotation by gas bubbles trapped within the mucous matrix, even at low ambient nutrient concentrations. Our data was used to evaluate the factors regulating the distribution and importance of the Arctic algal aggregates as carbon source for pelagic and benthic communities.
Source:
Bakker, Karel (2014): Nutrients measured on sea-ice core samples during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVII/3 (IceArc) in 2012. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.834084
Hendricks, Stefan; Nicolaus, Marcel; Schwegmann, Sandra (2012): Sea ice conditions during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVII/3 (IceArc). Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.803221
Nicolaus, Marcel; Katlein, Christian; Maslanik, James A; Hendricks, Stefan (2012): Sea ice conditions during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc) in 2011. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.803312
Project(s):
Assessment of bacterial life and matter cycling in deep-sea surface sediments (ABYSS)
Biological Oceanography @ AWI (AWI_BioOce)
Funding:
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 294757: Assessment of bacterial life and matter cycling in deep-sea surface sediments
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 84.804680 * Median Longitude: 76.731705 * South-bound Latitude: 81.884667 * West-bound Longitude: 31.109500 * North-bound Latitude: 88.021670 * East-bound Longitude: 131.128670
Date/Time Start: 2011-08-14T20:40:00 * Date/Time End: 2012-09-19T14:20:00
Minimum Elevation: -4621.1 m * Maximum Elevation: -3424.0 m
Event(s):
PS78/203-1 (Ice station #2)  * Latitude: 85.971000 * Longitude: 59.348500 * Date/Time: 2011-08-14T20:40:00 * Elevation: -3777.9 m * Location: Arctic Ocean * Campaign: ARK-XXVI/3 (PS78 TransArc) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice station (ICE)
PS78/209-1 (Ice station #3)  * Latitude: 86.982500 * Longitude: 59.003330 * Date/Time: 2011-08-17T19:46:00 * Elevation: -4621.1 m * Location: Arctic Ocean * Campaign: ARK-XXVI/3 (PS78 TransArc) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice station (ICE)
PS78/212-1 (Ice station #4)  * Latitude: 88.021670 * Longitude: 59.452500 * Date/Time: 2011-08-19T20:55:00 * Elevation: -4259.6 m * Location: Arctic Ocean * Campaign: ARK-XXVI/3 (PS78 TransArc) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice station (ICE)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 Event labelEvent
2 Optional event labelEvent 2
3 GearGear
4 Date/Time of eventDate/Time
5 Latitude of eventLatitude
6 Longitude of eventLongitude
7 HabitatHabitatFernández-Méndez, Mar
8 Melt pond depthMelt pond depthmHendricks, Stefansource data sets: Hendricks et al., 2012; Nicolaus et al., 2012
9 Melt pond coverage on sea iceMelt pond cov%Hendricks, Stefansource data sets: Hendricks et al., 2012; Nicolaus et al., 2012
10 CommentCommentFernández-Méndez, Marabout melt pond
11 TypeTypeFernández-Méndez, Marof algae aggregates
12 Sample IDSample IDFernández-Méndez, Marof algae aggregates
13 DescriptionDescriptionFernández-Méndez, Marof algae aggregates floating behavier
14 Color descriptionColor descFernández-Méndez, Marof algae aggregates
15 Algae aggregate, sizeAlgae agg sizemmFernández-Méndez, Mar
16 Standard deviationStd dev±Fernández-Méndez, Marof algae aggregates, size
17 SalinitySalFernández-Méndez, Marof water, minimum
18 SalinitySalFernández-Méndez, Marof water, maximum
19 SalinitySalFernández-Méndez, Marof aggregates
20 Temperature, waterTemp°CFernández-Méndez, Mar
21 IrradianceEµmol/m2/sFernández-Méndez, Mar
22 Taxon/taxaTaxaFernández-Méndez, Mardiatoms
23 Life stageLife stageFernández-Méndez, Marof diatoms
24 Taxon/taxaTaxaFernández-Méndez, Marof observed grazer
25 Carbon, organic, particulatePOCmg/lNöthig, Eva-Mariaof homogene algal slurry
26 Partical organic nitrogen normalized to particulate organic carbonPON-POCµmol/mgNöthig, Eva-MariaNormalized to particulate organic carbonof homogene algal slurry
27 Carbon/Nitrogen ratioC/NFernández-Méndez, Marof homogene algal slurry
28 Chlorophyll a normalized to particulate organic carbonChl a-POCµg/mgPeeken, IlkaNormalized to particulate organic carbonof homogene algal slurry
29 Carbon/Chlorophyll a ratioC/Chl aPeeken, Ilkaof homogene algal slurry
30 Chlorophyll a/chloroplastic pigment equivalents ratioChl a/CPE%Peeken, Ilkaof homogene algal slurry
31 Carbon, organic, dissolved normalized to particulate organic carbonDOC-POCµmol/mgFernández-Méndez, MarNormalized to particulate organic carbonof homogene algal slurry
32 Transparent exopolymer particles normalized to particulate organic carbonTEP-POCµg/mgFernández-Méndez, MarNormalized to particulate organic carbonof TEP C, of homogene algal slurry
33 Standard deviationStd dev±Fernández-Méndez, Marof TEP C, of homogene algal slurry
34 ReplicatesRepl#Fernández-Méndez, Marof homogene algal slurry
35 Transparent exopolymer particles/Carbon, organic, particulate ratioTEP/POCFernández-Méndez, Marof homogene algal slurry
36 Standard deviationStd dev±Fernández-Méndez, Marof TEP/POC, of homogene algal slurry
37 Number of measurementsn#Fernández-Méndez, Marof TEP/POC, of homogene algal slurry
38 Net primary production of carbon normalized to particulate organic carbonNPP C-POCmg/mg/dayFernández-Méndez, MarNormalized to particulate organic carbonof homogene algal slurry
39 Method commentMethod commFernández-Méndez, Marof homogene algal slurry
40 Prokaryotes, abundance as single cells normalized to particulate organic carbonProk cell ab-POC109 #/mgFernández-Méndez, MarNormalized to particulate organic carbonof homogene algal slurry
41 Bacterial organic carbon normalized to particulate organic carbonBOC-POC%Fernández-Méndez, MarNormalized to particulate organic carbonof homogene algal slurry
42 Nitrate[NO3]-µmol/lBakker, Karelin the water surrounding the aggregates
43 Phosphate[PO4]3-µmol/lBakker, Karelin the water surrounding the aggregates
44 SilicateSi(OH)4µmol/lBakker, Karelin the water surrounding the aggregates
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
388 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Event		2 
Event 2		3 
Gear		4 
Date/Time		5 
Latitude		6 
Longitude		7 
Habitat		8 
Melt pond depth [m]
(source data sets: Hendricks e...)		9 
Melt pond cov [%]
(source data sets: Hendricks e...)		10 
Comment
(about melt pond)		11 
Type
(of algae aggregates)		12 
Sample ID
(of algae aggregates)		13 
Description
(of algae aggregates floating ...)		14 
Color desc
(of algae aggregates)		15 
Algae agg size [mm]		16 
Std dev [±]
(of algae aggregates, size)		17 
Sal
(of water, minimum)		18 
Sal
(of water, maximum)		19 
Sal
(of aggregates)		20 
Temp [°C]		21 
E [µmol/m2/s]		22 
Taxa
(diatoms)		23 
Life stage
(of diatoms)		24 
Taxa
(of observed grazer)		25 
POC [mg/l]
(of homogene algal slurry)		26 
PON-POC [µmol/mg]
(of homogene algal slurry)		27 
C/N
(of homogene algal slurry)		28 
Chl a-POC [µg/mg]
(of homogene algal slurry)		29 
C/Chl a
(of homogene algal slurry)		30 
Chl a/CPE [%]
(of homogene algal slurry)		31 
DOC-POC [µmol/mg]
(of homogene algal slurry)		32 
TEP-POC [µg/mg]
(of TEP C, of homogene algal s...)		33 
Std dev [±]
(of TEP C, of homogene algal s...)		34 
Repl [#]
(of homogene algal slurry)		35 
TEP/POC
(of homogene algal slurry)		36 
Std dev [±]
(of TEP/POC, of homogene algal...)		37 
n [#]
(of TEP/POC, of homogene algal...)		38 
NPP C-POC [mg/mg/day]
(of homogene algal slurry)		39 
Method comm
(of homogene algal slurry)		40 
Prok cell ab-POC [109 #/mg]
(of homogene algal slurry)		41 
BOC-POC [%]
(of homogene algal slurry)		42 
[NO3]- [µmol/l]
(in the water surrounding the ...)		43 
[PO4]3- [µmol/l]
(in the water surrounding the ...)		44 
Si(OH)4 [µmol/l]
(in the water surrounding the ...)
PS80/224-1 Ice station #1Hand pump2012-08-0984.050531.1138Melt Pond0.300.4Melt Pond open to the water columnmelosira algal aggregatesM1YesWhite-yellow501.520.36.90.1260.1473Melosira arctica, Nitzschia, DinocystsDeadCiliates7.04978.57149.78441.2847.858882.237923.317.016.0030.0200.010030.0133measured at 50 µE0.601.80.40.0051.6
PS80/224-1Ice station #1Hand pump2012-08-0984.050531.1138Melt Pond0.630.4Melt Pond open to the water columnmelosira algal aggregatesM2NoYellow-white50300.032.031.9-1.5251.7026Melosira arctica, Nitzschia, DinocystsDeadCiliates48.64808.571410.02530.24622.956196.39937.24.00.6030.0040.001030.0141measured at 50 µE0.100.41.30.2002.6
PS80/224-1Ice station #1Hand pump2012-08-0984.050531.1138Melt Pond0.500.4Melt Pond open to the water columnmelosira algal aggregatesM3NoDark brown20100.131.031.00.1254.9961Melosira arctica, Nitzschia, Navicula, FragilariopsisAliveNo132.45859.28578.82633.0337.254397.91094.62.00.0230.0020.000130.0015measured at 50 µE0.501.72.20.40020.7
PS80/255-1 Ice station #3Hand pump2012-08-2082.6707109.5895Melt Pond0.300.4Melt Pond open to the water columnmelosira algal aggregatesM4NoYellow100500.20.50.50.2100.8128Melosira arctica, Navicula, NitzschiaDeadCiliates16.32132.142939.79880.42198.403894.206435.416.04.0030.0150.004030.0022measured at 50 µE0.100.20.36.0000.7
PS80/349-1 Ice station #7Ice measurement2012-09-1887.933561.2173Frozen in ice0.2openmelosira algal aggregatesM5YesDark brown15010031.00.124.1738Melosira arctica, Fragilariopsis, CylindrothecaAliveCiliates10.84292.857128.00005.0206.865677.102017.38.03.0030.0080.002030.1549measured at 50 µE0.90.3001.4
PS78/203-1 Ice station #2Hand pump2011-08-1485.971059.3485Melt Pond1.0050.0pennate algal aggregatesP1NoYellow100.011.011.0-0.5160.0645Nitzschia, Pseudonitzschia, Navicula, Fragilariopsis, Chaetoceros, CoccolithophoresDeadCiliates85.71317.857110.52662.0504.740661.89818.08.0030.0080.008030.601.8
PS78/209-1 Ice station #3Hand pump2011-08-1786.982559.0033Melt Pond50.0pennate algal aggregatesP2NoYellow509.6211.4478Chaetoceros, Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, Nitzschia,DeadCiliates9.22335.000017.01040.61609.107294.67787.4171.0115.0030.1700.110030.060.2
PS78/212-1 Ice station #4Hand pump2011-08-1988.021759.4525Melt Pond50.0Melt Pond open to the water columnpennate algal aggregatesP3NoYellow100501.95.04.2129.7996Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira/Coscinodiscus, Nitzschia, Navicula, FragilariopsisDeadNo66.00305.000017.27320.33306.190789.075810.016.0030.0200.010030.100.3
PS80/224-1Ice station #1Biological sample2012-08-0984.050531.1138Below ice40.0pennate algal aggregatesP4YesDark brown1005029.70.598.6174Nitzschia, Navicula, Entomoneis, Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, Pleurosigma, CylindrothecaAliveAmphipodes and copepods111.608710.00008.16949.0109.947391.71374.21.50.3030.0010.000330.0096measured at 50 µE1.504.42.90.3001.2
PS80/237-1 Ice station #2Biological sample2012-08-1483.986578.1033Below ice20.0pennate algal aggregatesP5YesDark brown70501.032.032.052.3806Nitzschia, Pseudonitzschia, Fossula arctica, Melosira arctica, Navicula, EntomoneisAliveNo23.74477.857110.60854.7211.683133.15425.81.51.0030.0010.001030.0012measured at 50 µE0.401.22.60.2001.3
PS80/323-1 Ice station #5Hand pump2012-09-0481.9255131.1287Melt Pond0.3510.0pennate algal aggregatesP6NoWhite-brown20103.730.128.0-1.078.4519Fragilariopsis, Navicula, NitzschiaMostly deadCiliates26.92642.142935.28580.066755.330725.969611.24.01.0030.0040.001030.0013measured at 50 µE0.100.23.10.0100.0