Citation:

pnas.1301589110

Name: Reduced calcification and lack of acclimatization by coral colonies growing in areas of persistent natural acidification
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; North Atlantic; Porites astreoides; Single species; Tropical

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Abstract:

As the surface ocean equilibrates with rising atmospheric CO2, the pH of surface seawater is decreasing with potentially negative impacts on coral calcification. A critical question is whether corals will be able to adapt or acclimate to these changes in seawater chemistry. We use high precision CT scanning of skeletal cores of Porites astreoides, an important Caribbean reef-building coral, to show that calcification rates decrease significantly along a natural gradient in pH and aragonite saturation (Omega arag). This decrease is accompanied by an increase in skeletal erosion and predation by boring organisms. The degree of sensitivity to reduced Oarag measured on our field corals is consistent with that exhibited by the same species in laboratory CO2 manipulation experiments. We conclude that the Porites corals at our field site were not able to acclimatize enough to prevent the impacts of local ocean acidification on their skeletal growth and development, despite spending their entire lifespan in low pH, low Omega arag seawater.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; North Atlantic; Porites astreoides; Single species; Tropical

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2014-04-09.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Figure	Fig		Paytan, Adina
2	Species	Species		Paytan, Adina
3	Treatment	Treat		Paytan, Adina
4	Linear extension	Lin ext	cm/a	Paytan, Adina
5	Linear extension, standard deviation	Lin ext std dev	±	Paytan, Adina
6	Linear extension, standard error	Lin ext std e	±	Paytan, Adina
7	Density	Density	g/cm³	Paytan, Adina
8	Density, standard deviation	Density std dev	±	Paytan, Adina
9	Density, standard error	Density std e	±	Paytan, Adina
10	Calcification rate	Calc rate	g/cm²/a	Paytan, Adina
11	Calcification rate, standard deviation	Calc rate std dev	±	Paytan, Adina
12	Calcification rate, standard error	Calc rate std e	±	Paytan, Adina
13	Thickness	Thick	mm	Paytan, Adina		tissue
14	Thickness, standard deviation	Thick std dev	±	Paytan, Adina		tissue
15	Thickness, standard error	Thick std e	±	Paytan, Adina		tissue
16	Volume ratio	v/v		Paytan, Adina		volume bored/volume of coral
17	Salinity	Sal		Paytan, Adina
18	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Paytan, Adina
19	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Paytan, Adina
20	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Paytan, Adina
21	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Paytan, Adina
22	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Paytan, Adina
23	pH	pH		Paytan, Adina	Calculated using CO2SYS	total scale
24	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Paytan, Adina	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Paytan, Adina	Calculated using CO2SYS
26	Calcification rate, ratio	Calc rate ratio		Paytan, Adina		ratio of the maximum observed calcification rate
27	Calcification rate, standard deviation	Calc rate std dev	±	Paytan, Adina		ratio of the maximum observed calcification rate
28	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
30	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

479 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Fig	2 Species	3 Treat	4 Lin ext [cm/a]	5 Lin ext std dev [±]	6 Lin ext std e [±]	7 Density [g/cm³]	8 Density std dev [±]	9 Density std e [±]	10 Calc rate [g/cm²/a]	11 Calc rate std dev [±]	12 Calc rate std e [±]	13 Thick [mm] (tissue)	14 Thick std dev [±] (tissue)	15 Thick std e [±] (tissue)	16 v/v (volume bored/volume of coral)	17 Sal	18 Temp [°C]	19 DIC [µmol/kg]	20 DIC std dev [±]	21 AT [µmol/kg]	22 AT std dev [±]	23 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	24 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	25 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	26 Calc rate ratio (ratio of the maximum observed...)	27 Calc rate std dev [±] (ratio of the maximum observed...)	28 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	30 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	32 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	01_Porites	0.241	0.053	0.016	0.294	0.097	0.019	0.346	0.103	0.020	3.222	0.596	0.211		33.8	28.7	2559	6	2601	7	7.41	1.220				15	7.41	62	2384	2377	2422	75	1.23	1.85
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	02_Porites	0.257	0.080	0.036	1.353	0.099	0.044	0.349	0.113	0.050	4.328	0.332	0.117	0.003650427	33.9	27.8	2409	6	2533	7	7.63	1.850				15	7.64	35	1324	1320	2260	114	1.85	2.79
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	03_Porites	0.393	0.079	0.035	1.073	0.080	0.036	0.418	0.066	0.030	3.867	0.322	0.114	0.001428571	34.2	28.2	2483	6	2609	7	7.63	1.900				15	7.63	37	1397	1393	2329	118	1.90	2.86
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	04_Porites	0.225	0.043	0.015	1.077	0.048	0.012	0.234	0.059	0.015	3.340	0.415	0.147	0.014172056	32.6	27.3	2492	6	2518	7	7.30	0.770				15	7.40	65	2399	2392	2361	66	1.07	1.62
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	05_Porites	0.254	0.078	0.026	1.092	0.167	0.050	0.302	0.102	0.031	4.308	0.445	0.157	0.100141105	33.1	27.6	2900	6	2997	7	7.56	1.820				15	7.56	52	1930	1924	2736	112	1.82	2.75
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	06_Porites	0.296	0.014	0.008	1.141	0.068	0.028	0.330	0.034	0.014	2.865	0.480	0.170	0.004542208	31.1	27.4	2904	6	2999	7	7.57	1.820				15	7.58	51	1866	1860	2742	111	1.82	2.77
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	07_Porites	0.153	0.052	0.030	1.062	0.061	0.035	0.165	0.065	0.037	3.218	0.335	0.119	0.009066667	32.7	27.5	3169	6	3096	7	7.20	0.810				15	7.17	138	5123	5108	2982	49	0.81	1.22
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	08_Porites	0.275	0.092	0.031	1.606	0.173	0.058	0.440	0.146	0.049	3.361	0.368	0.130	0.000929251	35.1	29.2	2052	6	2399	7	8.04	4.030				15	8.04	11	414	413	1792	249	4.03	6.04
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	09_Porites	0.214	0.032	0.011	1.521	0.090	0.019	0.374	0.107	0.022	3.293	0.311	0.110	0.000103503	35.3	29.4	2056	6	2404	7	8.04	4.030				15	8.04	11	420	418	1796	250	4.04	6.04
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	10_Porites	0.421	0.065	0.023	1.661	0.119	0.027	0.673	0.124	0.028	3.045	0.641	0.227	0.000160317	35.3	29.4	2050	6	2406	7	8.05	4.120				15	8.05	10	406	405	1785	255	4.13	6.17
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	11_Porites	0.193	0.045	0.014	1.735	0.060	0.015	0.324	0.077	0.019	2.680	0.410	0.145	0.002393309	34.8	28.8	2069	6	2398	7	8.02	3.830				15	8.02	11	438	437	1820	238	3.85	5.77
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	12_Porites	0.297	0.081	0.033	1.552	0.130	0.053	0.461	0.134	0.055	2.975	0.435	0.154	0.002244443	34.9	28.6	2020	6	2388	7	8.09	4.240				15	8.09	9	363	362	1748	263	4.24	6.36
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	13_Porites	0.389	0.081	0.101	1.513	0.113	0.034	0.586	0.109	0.033	4.556	0.364	0.129	0.001259637	35.3	28.2	2076	6	2387	7	8.00	3.600				15	8.00	12	466	464	1839	225	3.61	5.42
2, 4	Porites astreoides (coral)	14_Porites	0.328	0.059	0.027	1.472	0.058	0.026	0.484	0.102	0.046	3.123	0.167	0.059	0	35.4	28.8	2083	6	2392	7	8.00	3.600				15	7.99	12	485	483	1847	224	3.60	5.40
3	Porites astreoides (coral)																						0.790	0.080	0.417	0.049
3	Porites astreoides (coral)																						1.722	0.283	0.730	0.089
3	Porites astreoides (coral)																						3.917	0.254	1.000	0.251