Citation:

j.aquaculture.2012.09.025

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and larval growth response of the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) in a laboratory experiment
Published: 2012
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Crassostrea angulata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Pelagos; Salinity; Single species; Temperate; Temperature; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

Rising anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolving into coastal waters is decreasing the pH and carbonate ion concentration, thereby lowering the saturation state of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals through a process named ocean acidification (OA). The unprecedented threats posed by such low pH on calcifying larvae of several edible oyster species have not yet been fully explored. Effects of low pH (7.9, 7.6, 7.4) on the early growth phase of Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) veliger larvae was examined at ambient salinity (34 ppt) and the low-salinity (27 ppt) treatment. Additionally, the combined effect of pH (8.1, 7.6), salinity (24 and 34 ppt) and temperature (24 °C and 30 °C) was examined using factorial experimental design. Surprisingly, the early growth phase from hatching to 5-day-old veliger stage showed high tolerance to pH 7.9 and pH 7.6 at both 34 ppt and 27 ppt. Larval shell area was significantly smaller at pH 7.4 only in low-salinity. In the 3-factor experiment, shell area was affected by salinity and the interaction between salinity and temperature but not by other combinations. Larvae produced the largest shell at the elevated temperature in low-salinity, regardless of pH. Thus the growth of the Portuguese oyster larvae appears to be robust to near-future pH level (> 7.6) when combined with projected elevated temperature and low-salinity in the coastal aquaculture zones of South China Sea.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Crassostrea angulata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Pelagos; Salinity; Single species; Temperate; Temperature; Zooplankton

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4 [webpage]. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 26.098160 * Longitude: 119.796060

Date/Time Start: 2011-09-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-11-30T00:00:00

Event(s):

Fujian * Latitude: 26.098160 * Longitude: 119.796060 * Date/Time Start: 2011-09-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-11-30T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP) * Comment: Adult C. angulata were collected from the coastal area in Fujian and transported by train (in an
hour or two) to Hong Kong in wet condition.

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2014-03-24.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen
2	Figure	Fig		Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen
3	Treatment	Treat		Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen
4	Area	Area	m²	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen		larval Shell
5	Area, standard deviation	Area std dev	±	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen		larval Shell
6	pH	pH		Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen		NBS scale
7	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen		NBS scale
8	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen
9	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen
10	Salinity	Sal		Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen
11	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen
12	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen	Potentiometric titration
13	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen	Potentiometric titration
14	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen	Calculated using CO2SYS
15	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Thiyagarajan, Vengatesen	Calculated using CO2SYS
18	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
20	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

405 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Fig	3 Treat	4 Area [m²] (larval Shell)	5 Area std dev [±] (larval Shell)	6 pH (NBS scale)	7 pH std dev [±] (NBS scale)	8 Temp [°C]	9 Temp std dev [±]	10 Sal	11 Sal std dev [±]	12 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	13 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	14 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	15 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	16 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	18 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	20 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	1	pH 8.1	0.00000341	0.00000018	8.05	0.04	24.6	1.8	34.2	0.5	2250	20	564	160	3.87	2.55	26	7.91	16	563	561	1858	159	2034	2.54	3.86
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	1	pH 7.9	0.00000320	0.00000046	7.95	0.06	24.6	1.7	36.7	0.5	2300	10	736	142	3.37	2.23	26	7.82	21	735	733	1951	142	2113	2.21	3.36
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	1	pH 7.6	0.00000309	0.00000022	7.55	0.21	24.8	0.2	37.2	0.5	2320	60	2052	63	1.51	1.00	26	7.42	58	2048	2042	2163	64	2285	0.99	1.50
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	2	pH 8.1	0.00000528	0.00000025	8.08	0.03	24.4	1.5	27.0	0.0	1860	40	469	118	3.02	1.94	26	7.94	14	467	466	1569	118	1701	1.93	3.01
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	2	pH 7.9	0.00000479	0.00000050	7.81	0.13	24.4	1.5	26.7	0.5	1900	80	964	69	1.77	1.14	26	7.67	29	962	959	1730	69	1828	1.14	1.77
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	2	pH 7.6	0.00000464	0.00000076	7.64	0.04	24.3	1.5	26.7	0.5	1880	20	1447	47	1.22	0.78	26	7.50	44	1449	1445	1763	47	1854	0.78	1.21
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	2	pH 7.4	0.00000431	0.00000014	7.43	0.09	24.4	1.6	27.7	0.5	1880	50	2390	31	0.79	0.51	26	7.29	71	2386	2378	1804	31	1906	0.51	0.78
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	3	Control	0.00000722	0.00000045	7.99	0.08	24.9	1.1	33.3	0.4	2340	40	696	146	3.57	2.34	26	7.85	20	697	694	1984	146	2151	2.34	3.57
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	3	pH 7.6	0.00000754	0.00000078	7.67	0.17	24.9	1.1	33.6	0.4	2380	60	1593	76	1.85	1.21	26	7.53	46	1605	1600	2191	78	2315	1.25	1.89
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	3	Sal 24	0.00000703	0.00000062	7.93	0.09	25.1	1.1	23.4	0.7	1690	70	664	73	1.93	1.22	26	7.78	20	663	661	1509	73	1602	1.22	1.93
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	3	pH 7.6+Sal 24	0.00000797	0.00000058	7.57	0.12	25.4	1.9	23.6	0.9	1740	110	1662	35	0.94	0.60	26	7.42	50	1666	1661	1652	36	1738	0.60	0.94
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	3	Tem 30	0.00000650	0.00000100	8.01	0.08	30.6	0.8	33.3	0.4	2570	90	753	193	4.78	3.20	26	7.86	19	754	752	2108	194	2321	3.20	4.78
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	3	pH 7.6+Tem 30	0.00000613	0.00000052	7.63	0.31	30.6	0.8	33.6	0.9	2460	70	1922	86	2.14	1.43	26	7.48	48	1927	1922	2252	87	2387	1.43	2.14
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	3	Tem 30+Sal 24	0.00000847	0.00000092	7.95	0.09	30.5	0.8	23.6	0.9	1770	30	683	94	2.53	1.63	26	7.79	18	684	682	1541	94	1653	1.62	2.52
Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	3	pH 7.6+Sal 24+Tem 30	0.00000945	0.00000136	7.60	0.19	30.5	0.8	23.6	0.9	1770	50	1640	45	1.21	0.78	26	7.44	43	1648	1643	1660	45	1748	0.78	1.21