Citation:

s00227-012-2103-6

Name: Ocean acidification induces budding in larval sea urchins
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; Reproduction; Single species; Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus; Temperate

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification (OA), the reduction of ocean pH due to hydration of atmospheric CO2, is known to affect growth and survival of marine invertebrate larvae. Survival and transport of vulnerable planktonic larval stages play important roles in determining population dynamics and community structures in coastal ecosystems. Here, we show that larvae of the purple urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, underwent high-frequency budding (release of blastula-like particles) when exposed to elevated pCO2 level (>700 µatm). Budding was observed in >50 % of the population and was synchronized over short periods of time (~24 h), suggesting this phenomenon may be previously overlooked. Although budding can be a mechanism through which larval echinoids asexually reproduce, here, the released buds did not develop into viable clones. OA-induced budding and the associated reduction in larval size suggest new hypotheses regarding physiological and ecological tradeoffs between short-term benefits (e.g. metabolic savings and predation escape) and long-term costs (e.g. tissue loss and delayed development) in the face of climate change.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; Reproduction; Single species; Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus; Temperate

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Sub-seabed CO2 Storage: Impact on Marine Ecosystems (ECO2)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 265847 : Sub-seabed CO2 Storage: Impact on Marine Ecosystems

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2014-03-17.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Chan, Kit Yu Karen
2	Identification	ID		Chan, Kit Yu Karen		female
3	Treatment	Treat		Chan, Kit Yu Karen
4	Particle density, normalized	Part dens n		Chan, Kit Yu Karen
5	Particle density, standard error	Part density std e	±	Chan, Kit Yu Karen
6	Percentage	Perc	%	Chan, Kit Yu Karen		percentage_change
7	Age	Age	days	Chan, Kit Yu Karen
8	Percentage	Perc	%	Chan, Kit Yu Karen		bud proportion
9	Salinity	Sal		Chan, Kit Yu Karen
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Chan, Kit Yu Karen
11	pH	pH		Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Potentiometric	total scale
12	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Potentiometric	total scale
13	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Chan, Kit Yu Karen
14	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Chan, Kit Yu Karen
15	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error	DIC std e	±	Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Calculated using CO2SYS
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Calculated using CO2SYS
19	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Calculated using CO2SYS
20	Calcite saturation state, standard error	Omega Cal std e	±	Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Calculated using CO2SYS
22	Aragonite saturation state, standard error	Omega Arg std e	±	Chan, Kit Yu Karen	Calculated using CO2SYS
23	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

2643 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 ID (female)	3 Treat	4 Part dens n	5 Part density std e [±]	6 Perc [%] (percentage_change)	7 Age [days]	8 Perc [%] (bud proportion)	9 Sal	10 Temp [°C]	11 pH (total scale, Potentiometric)	12 pH std e [±] (total scale, Potentiometric)	13 AT [µmol/kg]	14 AT std e [±]	15 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	16 DIC std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	18 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	19 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS)	20 Omega Cal std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	21 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	22 Omega Arg std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	23 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	1.00	0.00	0.00			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	0.79	0.09	-21.11			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	0.62	0.28	-21.53			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	1.04	0.25	67.77			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	0.95	0.03	-8.66			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	0.72	0.02	-23.77			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	1.02	0.09	41.03			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	1.01	0.01	-0.91			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	0.84	0.11	-16.86			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.3	0.83	0.04	-0.96			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.00	0.00	0.00			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	0.95	0.14	-5.05			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.18	0.25	23.83			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.84	0.36	56.19			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.24	0.18	-32.56			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.25	0.19	1.22			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.38	0.31	9.99			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.50	0.33	8.72			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.38	0.26	-7.82			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=7.7	1.15	0.03	-17.03			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	1.00	0.00	0.00			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	0.95	0.11	-4.84			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	1.02	0.03	7.44			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	1.05	0.12	2.39			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	1.02	0.05	-2.27			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	0.83	0.02	-18.80			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	0.99	0.08	18.74			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	1.00	0.03	1.24			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	0.89	0.21	-11.22			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	1	pH=8.1	0.99	0.08	11.26			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	1.00	0.00	0.00			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	0.90	0.01	-10.00			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	1.02	0.09	12.96			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	0.96	0.06	-5.98			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	0.82	0.10	-14.36			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	0.65	0.02	-21.20			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	1.01	0.25	56.08			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	0.74	0.00	-26.19			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	0.85	0.05	14.51			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.3	0.78	0.03	-7.83			32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	1.00	0.00	0.00			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	0.85	0.07	-15.17			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	1.07	0.11	25.58			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	0.79	0.08	-25.65			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	0.79	0.07	-0.48			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	0.77	0.01	-1.93			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	1.09	0.16	41.42			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	0.57	0.27	-48.20			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	0.69	0.19	22.74			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=7.7	0.76	0.06	9.58			32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	1.00	0.00	0.00			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	1.21	0.12	21.10			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	1.34	0.05	10.52			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	1.02	0.08	-23.49			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	0.82	0.04	-20.26			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	0.92	0.11	12.80			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	1.04	0.11	12.48			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	1.17	0.03	12.65			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	0.89	0.10	-24.05			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	2	pH=8.1	0.83	0.05	-6.57			32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	1.00			1		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	1.01			2		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	1.05			3		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	1.13			4	4.73	32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	0.81			5	9.85	32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	0.67			6		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	0.48			7	22.51	32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	0.49			8		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	0.47			9		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	0.46			10		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	0.45			12		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.3	0.39			14		32	14	7.2	0.12	2294.21	149.42	2392.09	172.65	3233.85	151.90	0.60	0.13	0.38	0.08	8	129	3301	3289	2236	24	2389	0.36	0.57
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	1.16			1		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	1.05			2		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	1.05			3		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	1.06			4	5.78	32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	1.04			5		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	0.69			6		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	0.57			7	6.86	32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	0.50			8		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	0.47			9		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	0.38			10		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	0.45			12		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=7.7	0.30			14		32	14	7.9	0.23	2342.03	210.06	2191.20	160.06	693.84	401.88	3.01	1.38	1.92	0.88	8	24	611	609	2074	110	2207	1.70	2.66
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=8.1	1.18			3		32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=8.1	1.24			4		32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=8.1	1.14			5	3.83	32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=8.1	0.64			6		32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=8.1	0.59			7		32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=8.1	0.63			8	5.10	32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=8.1	0.56			9		32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82
Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus (echinoderm)	3	pH=8.1	0.61			10		32	14	8.1	0.02	2265.23	239.56	2050.22	233.55	354.80	63.30	3.80	0.33	2.42	0.21	8	14	349	348	1878	157	2049	2.43	3.82