Citation:

11-65.1

Name: CO2-driven seawater acidification increases photochemical stress in a green alga
Published: 2012
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chlorophyta; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; North Pacific; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; Temperate; Ulva prolifera

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Abstract:

Increased CO2 and associated acidification in seawater, known as ocean acidification, decreases calcification of most marine calcifying organisms. However, there is little information available on how marine macroalgae would respond to the chemical changes caused by seawater acidification. We hypothesized that down-regulation of bicarbonate acquisition by algae under increased acidity and CO2 levels would lower the threshold above which photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) becomes excessive. Juveniles of Ulva prolifera derived from zoospores were grown at ambient (390 µatm) and elevated (1000 µatm) CO2 concentrations for 80 days before the hypothesis was tested. Here, the CO2-induced seawater acidification increased the quantum yield under low levels of light, but induced higher nonphotochemical quenching under high light. At the same time, the PAR level at which photosynthesis became saturated was decreased and the photosynthetic affinity for CO2 or inorganic carbon decreased in the high-CO2 grown plants. These findings indicated that ocean acidification, as an environmental stressor, can reduce the threshold above which PAR becomes excessive.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chlorophyta; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; North Pacific; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; Temperate; Ulva prolifera

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 34.500000 * Longitude: 119.300000

Date/Time Start: 2009-07-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2009-07-30T00:00:00

Event(s):

Lianyungang_OA * Latitude: 34.500000 * Longitude: 119.300000 * Date/Time Start: 2009-07-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2009-07-30T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2014-03-03.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Gao, Kunshan
2	Identification	ID		Gao, Kunshan
3	Treatment	Treat		Gao, Kunshan		LC=Low pCO2, HC=High pCO2
4	Irradiance	E	µmol/m²/s	Gao, Kunshan
5	Electron transport rate, relative	rETR	µmol e/m²/s	Gao, Kunshan
6	Electron transport rate, relative, standard deviation	rETR std dev	±	Gao, Kunshan
7	Time in seconds	Time	s	Gao, Kunshan
8	Effective quantum yield	Y		Gao, Kunshan
9	Effective quantum yield, standard deviation	Y std dev	±	Gao, Kunshan
10	Non photochemical quenching	NPQ		Gao, Kunshan
11	Non photochemical quenching, standard deviation	NPQ std dev	±	Gao, Kunshan
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/l	Gao, Kunshan		in figure 4, 5
13	Salinity	Sal		Gao, Kunshan
14	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Gao, Kunshan
15	pH	pH		Gao, Kunshan	Potentiometric	NBS scale
16	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Gao, Kunshan	Potentiometric	NBS scale
17	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/l	Gao, Kunshan
18	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Gao, Kunshan
19	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
21	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

3308 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 ID	3 Treat (LC=Low pCO2, HC=High pCO2)	4 E [µmol/m²/s]	5 rETR [µmol e/m²/s]	6 rETR std dev [±]	7 Time [s]	8 Y	9 Y std dev [±]	10 NPQ	11 NPQ std dev [±]	12 DIC [µmol/l] (in figure 4, 5)	13 Sal	14 Temp [°C]	15 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	16 pH std dev [±] (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	17 DIC [µmol/l]	18 DIC std dev [±]	19 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	21 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	0	0.0000	0.00000							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	113	10.7184	0.60748							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	168	15.0360	0.72988							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	263	21.1008	1.10548							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	385	27.5688	1.60416							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	580	36.1872	2.18836							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	825	47.3088	2.97424							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	1187	54.2808	4.02254							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	LC	1623	64.3944	2.42045							30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	0	0.0000	0.00000							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	113	14.6160	1.10005							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	168	19.7904	1.47012							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	263	27.7872	1.65610							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	385	36.3384	2.28088							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	580	46.9224	3.68242							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	825	57.6744	3.00445							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	1187	67.6872	4.12345							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 1	HC	1623	77.6832	3.60242							30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				0	0.6148	0.01492	0.00000	0.00000		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				10	0.1924	0.01692	0.12540	0.01016		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				30	0.2328	0.01258	0.38840	0.02661		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				50	0.2264	0.01978	0.49680	0.03423		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				70	0.2230	0.01853	0.48080	0.03325		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				90	0.2286	0.01607	0.42520	0.03261		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				110	0.2360	0.02094	0.37680	0.02754		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				130	0.2400	0.01815	0.35000	0.02332		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				150	0.2438	0.01698	0.32600	0.02607		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				170	0.2508	0.02149	0.31620	0.02786		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				190	0.2496	0.01493	0.31500	0.02840		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				210	0.2550	0.01498	0.31880	0.03162		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				230	0.2612	0.01516	0.32660	0.02675		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	LC				250	0.2640	0.01619	0.34600	0.01933		30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				0	0.5600	0.01446	0.00000	0.00000		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				10	0.1670	0.00255	0.22880	0.02834		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				30	0.2468	0.01105	0.67120	0.02230		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				50	0.2666	0.00371	0.55140	0.06059		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				70	0.2736	0.01278	0.39820	0.06979		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				90	0.2782	0.00858	0.28060	0.06347		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				110	0.2906	0.00847	0.22340	0.04583		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				130	0.2948	0.01040	0.19900	0.03490		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				150	0.3006	0.00783	0.17980	0.03907		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				170	0.3064	0.01598	0.16840	0.03705		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				190	0.3068	0.00804	0.16700	0.03808		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				210	0.3108	0.00497	0.16840	0.03782		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				230	0.3084	0.00865	0.17060	0.03650		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 2, 3	HC				250	0.3094	0.00792	0.17740	0.03743		30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	LC		23.0160	2.39499						0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	LC		26.4488	3.57569						0.1375	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	LC		27.7592	3.92524						0.2750	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	LC		27.1712	1.56667						0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	LC		29.2712	2.13197						1.1000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	LC		29.0528	2.89313						2.2000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	LC		29.7584	2.99725						4.4000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	HC		29.3720	2.37257						0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	HC		34.8824	5.01509						0.1375	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	HC		38.5504	4.11324						0.2750	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	HC		38.6456	3.50639						0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	HC		41.6640	2.60107						1.1000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	HC		40.7120	2.46000						2.2000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 4	HC		41.7928	3.51832						4.4000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				0			0.00000	0.00000	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				20			0.22333	0.12593	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				40			0.71733	0.24101	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				60			0.70200	0.20327	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				80			0.71267	0.18494	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				100			0.74933	0.18003	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				120			0.82133	0.17610	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				140			0.90900	0.18044	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				160			1.00433	0.16700	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				180			1.11567	0.16548	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				200			1.23533	0.16473	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				220			1.34967	0.17592	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				240			1.46633	0.19851	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				260			1.56433	0.21432	0.0000	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				0			0.00000	0.00000	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				20			0.01700	0.02773	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				40			0.19033	0.15059	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				60			0.30467	0.20608	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				80			0.39500	0.21389	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				100			0.45667	0.20805	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				120			0.50667	0.19317	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				140			0.55000	0.18158	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				160			0.60900	0.18896	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				180			0.66100	0.18196	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				200			0.71100	0.16893	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				220			0.75733	0.17241	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				240			0.81567	0.16151	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				260			0.87300	0.16498	0.1400	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				0			0.00000	0.00000	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				20			0.06300	0.06063	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				40			0.42933	0.36549	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				60			0.67267	0.43518	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				80			0.78733	0.37533	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				100			0.81667	0.30650	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				120			0.79033	0.28280	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				140			0.75367	0.26932	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				160			0.73933	0.24148	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				180			0.71567	0.24704	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				200			0.70233	0.25422	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				220			0.70900	0.27693	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				240			0.70767	0.27313	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	LC				260			0.72500	0.27103	0.5500	30	20	8.20	0.03	2057.3	129.7	27	8.07	13	384	383	1831	171	2247	2.72	4.24
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				0			0.00000	0.00000	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				20			0.42500	0.23036	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				40			0.83700	0.15069	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				60			0.78633	0.12529	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				80			0.90700	0.18706	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				100			1.05200	0.24076	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				120			1.21033	0.22574	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				140			1.36833	0.18417	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				160			1.55167	0.11374	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				180			1.76200	0.07794	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				200			1.97067	0.00635	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				220			2.16267	0.02136	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				240			2.38233	0.05658	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				260			2.59867	0.08718	0.0000	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				0			0.00000	0.00000	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				20			0.05100	0.03291	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				40			0.42667	0.08256	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				60			0.49333	0.05600	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				80			0.53300	0.00866	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				100			0.58733	0.05658	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				120			0.68500	0.11258	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				140			0.82700	0.16454	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				160			0.96267	0.21016	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				180			1.11200	0.25288	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				200			1.27300	0.29445	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				220			1.41567	0.34006	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				240			1.57700	0.37412	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				260			1.70600	0.40010	0.1400	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				0			0.00000	0.00000	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				20			0.12267	0.01501	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				40			0.79167	0.06120	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				60			0.86267	0.09930	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				80			0.82767	0.13395	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				100			0.77400	0.15242	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				120			0.71200	0.16281	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				140			0.67933	0.17436	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				160			0.65233	0.18648	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				180			0.63733	0.19168	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				200			0.63667	0.19283	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				220			0.62300	0.19399	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				240			0.62133	0.19688	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14
Ulva prolifera (macroalga)	Figure 5	HC				260			0.62433	0.20207	0.5500	30	20	7.85	0.02	2238.8	113.3	27	7.72	32	974	971	2074	86	2284	1.38	2.14