Citation:

1742-9994-9-28

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Abstract:

Introduction

Ongoing ocean warming and acidification increasingly affect marine ecosystems, in particular around the Antarctic Peninsula. Yet little is known about the capability of Antarctic notothenioid fish to cope with rising temperature in acidifying seawater. While the whole animal level is expected to be more sensitive towards hypercapnia and temperature, the basis of thermal tolerance is set at the cellular level, with a putative key role for mitochondria. This study therefore investigates the physiological responses of the Antarctic Notothenia rossii after long-term acclimation to increased temperatures (7°C) and elevated PCO2 (0.2 kPa CO2) at different levels of physiological organisation.

Results

For an integrated picture, we analysed the acclimation capacities of N. rossii by measuring routine metabolic rate (RMR), mitochondrial capacities (state III respiration) as well as intra- and extracellular acid-base status during acute thermal challenges and after long-term acclimation to changing temperature and hypercapnia. RMR was partially compensated during warm- acclimation (decreased below the rate observed after acute warming), while elevated PCO2 had no effect on cold or warm acclimated RMR. Mitochondrial state III respiration was unaffected by temperature acclimation but depressed in cold and warm hypercapnia-acclimated fish. In both cold- and warm-exposed N. rossii, hypercapnia acclimation resulted in a shift of extracellular pH (pHe) towards more alkaline values. A similar overcompensation was visible in muscle intracellular pH (pHi). pHi in liver displayed a slight acidosis after warm normo- or hypercapnia acclimation, nevertheless, long-term exposure to higher PCO2 was compensated for by intracellular bicarbonate accumulation.

Conclusion

The partial warm compensation in whole animal metabolic rate indicates beginning limitations in tissue oxygen supply after warm-acclimation of N. rossii. Compensatory mechanisms of the reduced mitochondrial capacities under chronic hypercapnia may include a new metabolic equilibrium to meet the elevated energy demand for acid-base regulation. New set points of acid-base regulation under hypercapnia, visible at the systemic and intracellular level, indicate that N. rossii can at least in part acclimate to ocean warming and acidification. It remains open whether the reduced capacities of mitochondrial energy metabolism are adaptive or would impair population fitness over longer timescales under chronically elevated temperature and PCO2.

Further details:

Strobel, Anneli; Bennecke, Swaantje; Leo, Elettra; Helvey, J D; Pörtner, Hans-Otto; Mark, Felix Christopher (2012): Seawater carbonate chemistry, respiration, routine metabolic rate, extracellular pH, intracellular pH of the Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii in a laboratory experiment. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.831181

Project(s):

Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas (SPP1158)

Funding:

German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 5472008 : Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas

Coverage:

Latitude: -62.233330 * Longitude: -58.666660

Minimum Elevation: -35.0 m * Maximum Elevation: -35.0 m

Event(s):

PotterCove * Latitude: -62.233330 * Longitude: -58.666660 * Elevation: -35.0 m * Location: Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula * Campaign: * Basis: Carlini/Jubany Station * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Species	Species		Strobel, Anneli
2	Treatment: temperature	T:temp	°C	Strobel, Anneli	during incubation
3	Carbon dioxide	CO2	ppmv	Strobel, Anneli	during incubation
4	Length, total	TL	mm	Strobel, Anneli
5	Length, standard	I std	mm	Strobel, Anneli
6	Wet mass	Wet m	g	Strobel, Anneli
7	Gender	Gender		Strobel, Anneli
8	Hepatosomatic index	HSI		Strobel, Anneli
9	Condition factor	CF		Strobel, Anneli
10	Haematocrit	Ht	%	Strobel, Anneli
11	Lactate	Lactate	µmol/l	Strobel, Anneli
12	Osmotic concentration	Osmolarity	mOsmol/l	Strobel, Anneli
13	pH, extracellular	pHe		Strobel, Anneli
14	pH, intracellular	pH in		Strobel, Anneli	liver
15	pH, intracellular	pH in		Strobel, Anneli	white muscle
16	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/g/h	Strobel, Anneli	Whole animal respiration

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

451 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 T:temp [°C] (during incubation)	3 CO2 [ppmv] (during incubation)	4 TL [mm]	5 I std [mm]	6 Wet m [g]	7 Gender	8 HSI	9 CF	10 Ht [%]	11 Lactate [µmol/l]	12 Osmolarity [mOsmol/l]	13 pHe	14 pH in (liver)	15 pH in (white muscle)	16 Resp O2 [µmol/g/h] (Whole animal respiration)
Notothenia rossii	1	390	250	214	155	male	1.3	1.6	22	<800	450.0				1.47
Notothenia rossii	1	390	291	258	297	female	1.2	1.7	26	1200	419.5	7.540	7.109	7.260	1.79
Notothenia rossii	1	390	379	338	660	female	1.7	1.7	35	<800	465.5	7.350	7.053	7.260	0.65
Notothenia rossii	1	390	331	294	418	female	1.8	1.6	25	<800	426.5		7.081	7.391	1.23
Notothenia rossii	1	390	390	355	804	female	3.1	1.8	25	<800	429.5				1.69
Notothenia rossii	1	390	394	355	757	female	3.5	1.7	35	<800	453.0	7.423
Notothenia rossii	7	390	245	212	159	female	0.8	1.7	22	<800	400.0	7.456		7.366	2.28
Notothenia rossii	7	390	280	251	229	male	0.9	1.4	28	<800	389.5	7.395		7.236	1.99
Notothenia rossii	7	390	293	261	275	female	1.0	1.5	27	<800	400.0	7.401	6.891	7.275	2.54
Notothenia rossii	7	390	339	303	412	female	0.9	1.5	29	<800	358.0	7.524		7.151
Notothenia rossii	7	390	236	206	151	male	0.9	1.7	28	<800	400.0	7.251		7.185
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	287	254	246	female	0.5	1.5	32	<800	402.5	7.504	7.004	7.335	2.83
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	245	214	152	female	1.3	1.6	23	<800	422.0	7.574	6.780	7.411	2.13
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	255	226	164	female	0.8	1.4	28	<800	400.0	7.605		7.085	1.95
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	318	280	343	male	0.9	1.6	36	<800	400.0	7.606	7.028	7.405	3.13
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	264	234	206	male	0.8	1.6	28	<800	399.3	7.501	7.024	7.296	2.44
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	355	313	504	male	0.7	1.6	36	<800	417.3	7.514	6.795	7.153
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	238	214	137	male	0.7	1.4	30	<800	386.0	7.885		7.477
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	321	283	345	male	0.9	1.5	35	<800	360.5	7.540	6.939	7.269
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	283	252	222	male	0.9	1.4	36	<800	359.0	7.514	6.874	7.397
Notothenia rossii	7	1960	256	227	164	female	0.8	1.4	25	<800	373.5	7.499		7.228
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	280	250	277	female	2.1	1.8	26	<800	355.0	7.600	7.052	7.331	1.38
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	318	284	342	female	1.1	1.5	26	<800	428.0	7.511	7.312	7.333	1.51
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	240	213	144	male	1.1	1.5	24	<800	433.5	7.494	6.865	7.419	1.76
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	361	322	510	female	1.1	1.5	30	1200	396.3	7.493	6.971	7.359	0.99
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	301	266	317	female	1.1	1.7	32	1400	428.3	7.419	6.952	7.474	1.74
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	263	233	196	female	1.0	1.5	32	1000	351.5	7.492	6.982	7.353	1.55
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	268	236	210	male	1.0	1.6	30	<800	380.0	7.671		7.135
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	238	211	153	male	1.4	1.6	36	900	467.5	7.395	6.966	7.423
Notothenia rossii	1	1960	309	274	319	female	1.0	1.6	26	<800	365.0	7.493		7.474