Citation:

s00227-013-2199-3

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry, structural and chemical characteristics of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum in an situ CO2 enrichment experiment
Published: 2013-12-12
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Field experiment; Growth/Morphology; North Atlantic; Plantae; Seagrass; Single species; Temperate; Thalassia testudinum; Tracheophyta

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Abstract:

Seagrasses commonly display carbon-limited photosynthetic rates. Thus, increases in atmospheric pCO2, and consequentially oceanic CO2(aq) concentrations, may prove beneficial. While addressed in mesocosms, these hypotheses have not been tested in the field with manipulative experimentation. This study examines the effects of in situ CO2(aq) enrichment on the structural and chemical characteristics of the tropical seagrass, Thalassia testudinum. CO2(aq) availability was manipulated for 6 months in clear, open-top chambers within a shallow seagrass meadow in the Florida Keys (USA), reproducing forecasts for the year 2100. Structural characteristics (leaf area, leaf growth, shoot mass, and shoot density) were unresponsive to CO2(aq) enrichment. However, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content declined on average by 11 and 21 %, respectively. Belowground, non-structural carbohydrates increased by 29 %. These results indicate that increased CO2(aq) availability may primarily alter the chemical composition of seagrasses, influencing both the nutrient status and resilience of these systems.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Field experiment; Growth/Morphology; North Atlantic; Plantae; Seagrass; Single species; Temperate; Thalassia testudinum; Tracheophyta

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 24.550000 * Longitude: -81.750000

Date/Time Start: 2009-07-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2009-12-31T00:00:00

Event(s):

Florida_Keys * Latitude: 24.550000 * Longitude: -81.750000 * Date/Time Start: 2009-07-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2009-12-31T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2013-12-10.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Campbell, Justin E
2	Species	Species		Campbell, Justin E
3	Treatment	Treat		Campbell, Justin E
4	Incubation duration	Inc dur	days	Campbell, Justin E
5	Standing crop, vegetation	Stand crop veg	g/m²	Campbell, Justin E
6	Standing crop, vegetation, standard error	Stand crop veg std e	±	Campbell, Justin E
7	Mass per shoot	Mass/shoot	g	Campbell, Justin E
8	Mass per shoot, standard error	Mass/shoot std e	±	Campbell, Justin E
9	Shoot density	Shoot den	#/m²	Campbell, Justin E
10	Shoot density, standard error	Shoot den std e	±	Campbell, Justin E
11	Leaf area per shoot	Leaf A/shoot	cm²	Campbell, Justin E
12	Leaf area per shoot, standard error	Leaf A/shoot std e	±	Campbell, Justin E
13	Leaf, growth rate	Leaf µ	mg/g/day	Campbell, Justin E
14	Leaf, growth rate, standard error	Leaf µ std e	±	Campbell, Justin E
15	Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio	N/P		Campbell, Justin E		leaf
16	Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio, standard error	N/P std e	±	Campbell, Justin E		leaf
17	Carbon/Phosphorus ratio	C/P		Campbell, Justin E		leaf
18	Carbon/Phosphorus ratio, standard error	C/P std e	±	Campbell, Justin E		leaf
19	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Campbell, Justin E		leaf
20	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard error	C/N std e	±	Campbell, Justin E		leaf
21	Position	Position		Campbell, Justin E
22	Carbohydrates, non structural	NSC	mg/g	Campbell, Justin E
23	Carbohydrates, non structural, standard error	NSC std e	±	Campbell, Justin E
24	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Campbell, Justin E	Onset logger
25	Salinity	Sal		Campbell, Justin E
26	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Campbell, Justin E	Potentiometric titration
27	pH	pH		Campbell, Justin E	Potentiometric	NBS scale
28	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Campbell, Justin E	Calculated using CO2SYS
29	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Campbell, Justin E	Calculated using CO2SYS
30	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Campbell, Justin E	Calculated using CO2SYS
31	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Campbell, Justin E	Calculated using CO2SYS
32	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
34	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

960 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 ID	2 Species	3 Treat	4 Inc dur [days]	5 Stand crop veg [g/m²]	6 Stand crop veg std e [±]	7 Mass/shoot [g]	8 Mass/shoot std e [±]	9 Shoot den [#/m²]	10 Shoot den std e [±]	11 Leaf A/shoot [cm²]	12 Leaf A/shoot std e [±]	13 Leaf µ [mg/g/day]	14 Leaf µ std e [±]	15 N/P (leaf)	16 N/P std e [±] (leaf)	17 C/P (leaf)	18 C/P std e [±] (leaf)	19 C/N (leaf)	20 C/N std e [±] (leaf)	21 Position	22 NSC [mg/g]	23 NSC std e [±]	24 Temp [°C] (Onset logger)	25 Sal	26 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	27 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	28 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	29 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	30 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	31 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	32 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	34 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	39 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	3	229.75	24.0422	0.3653	0.0259	638.7097	65.6355	83.2307	5.4921	18.9617	2.8652										29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	40	181.48	34.4035	0.3223	0.0209	548.3871	74.2636	77.2063	4.2642	20.0810	0.8537										29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	82	232.03	32.3497	0.3251	0.0365	716.1290	69.4860	75.8195	8.8495	18.7902	1.3985										29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	116	206.44	36.0868	0.2640	0.0238	767.7419	83.7468	64.3127	6.6477	22.2345	1.7052										29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	155	149.82	21.9606	0.2169	0.0215	683.8710	53.3966	51.3552	5.9524	17.7240	1.2928										29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	3	338.40	62.4580	0.4299	0.0254	767.7419	104.7270	95.2565	5.6588	15.9258	0.5854										29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	40	191.46	25.1825	0.3109	0.0338	612.9032	36.7799	76.1167	7.9379	18.4292	1.5543										29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	82	254.54	40.4623	0.3032	0.0262	825.8065	76.7444	74.8905	6.2530	18.9289	1.3831										29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	116	237.05	37.2924	0.2852	0.0350	819.3548	76.7444	73.4695	7.4107	21.0322	0.7238										29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	155	149.78	21.7654	0.2411	0.0171	612.9032	57.7050	56.3537	3.5763	16.7528	1.4357										29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	3	304.40	20.8972	0.4500	0.0403	683.8710	31.2754	92.4805	6.4595	18.0981	0.9752										29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	40	140.39	27.5976	0.3537	0.0571	400.0000	58.2435	90.0207	12.4257	20.7522	1.8699										29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	82	178.37	12.5688	0.3195	0.0285	580.6452	74.9610	75.8600	7.1443	20.0483	0.7891										29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	116	167.18	7.1280	0.2611	0.0252	658.0645	47.4095	72.4776	9.3905	22.8097	0.9634										29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 2, 3	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	155	104.90	9.0201	0.2366	0.0270	458.0645	51.4109	51.8420	3.7393	15.2686	0.5070										29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	15											32.7572	1.7034	636.9219	39.9853	19.3308	0.8214				29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	47											42.4680	4.7998	747.8403	90.9719	17.5931	0.1779				29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	92											45.0657	4.0688	745.7046	104.7333	16.3709	0.9435				29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber	128											38.2851	2.9819	730.8056	54.1914	19.1462	0.1021				29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	15											30.3038	1.8723	544.6078	53.8940	17.9244	0.8738				29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	47											33.2267	1.1878	511.4682	16.9551	15.5353	1.0867				29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	92											36.3041	0.9927	528.2196	29.9618	14.5350	0.6877				29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber	128											38.2893	2.3402	650.9008	53.3283	17.0450	0.8503				29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	15											30.8511	1.9556	559.6253	65.3425	18.1823	0.8683				29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	47											34.0034	1.4747	522.5551	54.7771	15.2651	1.0188				29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	92											40.0848	1.6178	638.8039	38.2934	15.8542	0.4962				29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 4	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot	128											39.0930	2.2669	729.1274	67.4985	18.5705	0.7391				29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 5	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber																		belowground vertical rhizomes	222.6810	11.1028	29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 5	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber																		belowground vertical rhizomes	172.6596	4.5336	29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 5	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot																		belowground vertical rhizomes	171.0210	10.0458	29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62
Figure 5	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Enriched chamber																		belowground vertical roots	58.8152	7.0894	29.9	37	2345	7.78	2168	32.2	2013	123.4	26	7.63	30	1215	1212	2053	119	2203	1.91	2.84
Figure 5	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Ambient chamber																		belowground vertical roots	53.1599	6.0314	29.9	37	2345	8.23	1919	8.8	1636	274.4	26	8.08	9	351	350	1671	273	1953	4.38	6.52
Figure 5	Thalassia testudinum (seagrass)	Open plot																		belowground vertical roots	62.3203	5.4755	29.9	37	2345	8.24	1917	8.7	1632	276.0	26	8.09	8	341	340	1660	278	1946	4.45	6.62