Citation:

lo.2013.58.3.0997

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth, carbon acquisition, and species interaction of Antarctic phytoplankton species in a laboratory experiment
Published: 2013-12-12
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chaetoceros debilis; Chromista; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Ochrophyta; Pelagos; Phaeocystis antarctica; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata; Single species; Species interaction

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Abstract:

Despite the fact that ocean acidification is considered to be especially pronounced in the Southern Ocean, little is known about CO2-dependent physiological processes and the interactions of Antarctic phytoplankton key species. We therefore studied the effects of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) (16.2, 39.5, and 101.3 Pa) on growth and photosynthetic carbon acquisition in the bloom-forming species Chaetoceros debilis, Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, and Phaeocystis antarctica. Using membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, photosynthetic O2 evolution and inorganic carbon (Ci) fluxes were determined as a function of CO2 concentration. Only the growth of C. debilis was enhanced under high PCO2. Analysis of the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) revealed the operation of very efficient CCMs (i.e., high Ci affinities) in all species, but there were species-specific differences in CO2-dependent regulation of individual CCM components (i.e., CO2 and uptake kinetics, carbonic anhydrase activities). Gross CO2 uptake rates appear to increase with the cell surface area to volume ratios. Species competition experiments with C. debilis and P. subcurvata under different PCO2 levels confirmed the CO2-stimulated growth of C. debilis observed in monospecific incubations, also in the presence of P. subcurvata. Independent of PCO2, high initial cell abundances of P. subcurvata led to reduced growth rates of C. debilis. For a better understanding of future changes in phytoplankton communities, CO2-sensitive physiological processes need to be identified, but also species interactions must be taken into account because their interplay determines the success of a species.

Keyword(s):

Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chaetoceros debilis; Chromista; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Ochrophyta; Pelagos; Phaeocystis antarctica; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata; Single species; Species interaction

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas (SPP1158)

Funding:

German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 5472008 : Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2013-12-10.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Trimborn, Scarlett
2	Species	Species		Trimborn, Scarlett
3	Description	Description		Trimborn, Scarlett
4	Treatment	Treat		Trimborn, Scarlett
5	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Trimborn, Scarlett
6	Growth rate, standard deviation	µ std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
7	Bicarbonate uptake/net fixation ratio	[HCO3]- upt/net fix	mol/mol	Trimborn, Scarlett
8	Bicarbonate uptake/net fixation ratio, standard deviation	[HCO3]- upt/net fix std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
9	Extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity	eCA activity	U/µg Chl a	Trimborn, Scarlett	Measured by loss of 18O (Silverman, 1982)
10	Extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity, standard deviation	eCA act std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett	Measured by loss of 18O (Silverman, 1982)
11	Chaetoceros debilis/Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata ratio	C. debilis/P-n subcurvata		Trimborn, Scarlett		theoretical
12	Chaetoceros debilis/Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata ratio, standard deviation	C. debilis/P-n subcurvata std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett		theoretical
13	Chaetoceros debilis/Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata ratio	C. debilis/P-n subcurvata		Trimborn, Scarlett		counted
14	Chaetoceros debilis/Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata ratio, standard deviation	C. debilis/P-n subcurvata std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett		counted
15	Gross carbon dioxide uptake/net fixation ratio	G CO2 upt/net fix	%	Trimborn, Scarlett
16	Gross carbon dioxide uptake/net fixation ratio, standard deviation	G CO2 upt/net fix std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
17	Cell surface area/cell volume ratio	Cell SA/cell vol	1/µm	Trimborn, Scarlett
18	Cell surface area/cell volume, standard deviation	Cell SA/cell vol std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
19	Carbon dioxide, reciprocal of photosynthetic affinity value	CO2 K1/2	µmol/l	Trimborn, Scarlett
20	Carbon dioxide, reciprocal of photosynthetic affinity value, standard deviation	CO2 K1/2 std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
21	Photosynthesis carbon dioxide uptake rate, maximum velocity	P CO2 upt rate Vmax	µmol/mg/h	Trimborn, Scarlett
22	Photosynthesis carbon dioxide uptake, maximum velocity, standard deviation	P CO2 upt Vmax std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
23	Gross carbon dioxide uptake, half saturation concentration	K1/2 G CO2 upt	µmol/l	Trimborn, Scarlett
24	Gross carbon dioxide uptake, half saturation concentration, standard deviation	K1/2 G CO2 upt std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
25	Gross carbon dioxide uptake rate, per chlorophyll a, maximum velocity	G CO2 upt rate Vmax	µmol/mg/h	Trimborn, Scarlett
26	Gross carbon dioxide uptake per chlorophyll a, maximum velocity, standard deviation	G CO2 upt Vmax std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
27	Net carbon dioxide uptake, half saturation concentration	K1/2 N CO2 upt	µmol/l	Trimborn, Scarlett
28	Net carbon dioxide uptake, half saturation concentration, standard deviation	K1/2 N CO2 upt std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
29	Net carbon dioxide uptake rate, per chlorophyll a, maximum velocity	N CO2 upt rate Vmax	µmol/mg/h	Trimborn, Scarlett
30	Net carbon dioxide uptake per chlorophyll a, maximum velocity, standard deviation	N CO2 upt Vmax std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
31	Bicarbonate ion, reciprocal of photosynthetic affinity value	[HCO3]- K1/2	µmol/l	Trimborn, Scarlett
32	Bicarbonate ion, reciprocal of photosynthetic affinity value, standard deviation	[HCO3]- K1/2 std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
33	Bicarbonate uptake rate, per chlorophyll a, maximum velocity	[HCO3]- upt rate Vmax	µmol/mg/h	Trimborn, Scarlett
34	Bicarbonate uptake per chlorophyll a, maximum velocity, standard deviation	[HCO3]- upt Vmax std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett
35	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Trimborn, Scarlett
36	Salinity	Sal		Trimborn, Scarlett
37	Silicate	Si(OH)4	µmol/l	Trimborn, Scarlett
38	Nitrate	[NO3]-	µmol/l	Trimborn, Scarlett
39	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Trimborn, Scarlett
40	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	Pa	Trimborn, Scarlett	Calculated using CO2SYS
41	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett	Calculated using CO2SYS
42	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Trimborn, Scarlett	Calculated using CO2SYS
43	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett	Calculated using CO2SYS
44	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Trimborn, Scarlett	Calculated using CO2SYS
45	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett	Calculated using CO2SYS
46	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Trimborn, Scarlett	Potentiometric titration
47	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett	Potentiometric titration
48	pH	pH		Trimborn, Scarlett	Potentiometric	NBS scale
49	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Trimborn, Scarlett	Potentiometric	NBS scale
50	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
52	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
55	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
57	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
58	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
59	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1753 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 ID	2 Species	3 Description	4 Treat	5 µ [1/day]	6 µ std dev [±]	7 [HCO3]- upt/net fix [mol/mol]	8 [HCO3]- upt/net fix std dev [±]	9 eCA activity [U/µg Chl a] (Measured by loss of 18O (Silv...)	10 eCA act std dev [±] (Measured by loss of 18O (Silv...)	11 C. debilis/P-n subcurvata (theoretical)	12 C. debilis/P-n subcurvata std dev [±] (theoretical)	13 C. debilis/P-n subcurvata (counted)	14 C. debilis/P-n subcurvata std dev [±] (counted)	15 G CO2 upt/net fix [%]	16 G CO2 upt/net fix std dev [±]	17 Cell SA/cell vol [1/µm]	18 Cell SA/cell vol std dev [±]	19 CO2 K1/2 [µmol/l]	20 CO2 K1/2 std dev [±]	21 P CO2 upt rate Vmax [µmol/mg/h]	22 P CO2 upt Vmax std dev [±]	23 K1/2 G CO2 upt [µmol/l]	24 K1/2 G CO2 upt std dev [±]	25 G CO2 upt rate Vmax [µmol/mg/h]	26 G CO2 upt Vmax std dev [±]	27 K1/2 N CO2 upt [µmol/l]	28 K1/2 N CO2 upt std dev [±]	29 N CO2 upt rate Vmax [µmol/mg/h]	30 N CO2 upt Vmax std dev [±]	31 [HCO3]- K1/2 [µmol/l]	32 [HCO3]- K1/2 std dev [±]	33 [HCO3]- upt rate Vmax [µmol/mg/h]	34 [HCO3]- upt Vmax std dev [±]	35 Temp [°C]	36 Sal	37 Si(OH)4 [µmol/l]	38 [NO3]- [µmol/l]	39 [PO4]3- [µmol/l]	40 pCO2water_SST_wet [Pa] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	41 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	42 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	43 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	44 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	45 DIC std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	46 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	47 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	48 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	49 pH std dev [±] (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	50 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	51 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	52 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	53 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	54 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	55 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	56 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	57 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	58 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	59 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Figure 1	Chaetoceros debilis (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2	0.59	0.11																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 1	Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2	0.78	0.19																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 1	Phaeocystis antarctica (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2	0.41	0.03																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 1	Chaetoceros debilis (phytoplankton)		Ambient pCO2	0.87	0.13																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 1	Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)		Ambient pCO2	0.96	0.15																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 1	Phaeocystis antarctica (phytoplankton)		Ambient pCO2	0.39	0.06																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 1	Chaetoceros debilis (phytoplankton)		High pCO2	0.96	0.16																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 1	Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)		High pCO2	0.87	0.21																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 1	Phaeocystis antarctica (phytoplankton)		High pCO2	0.39	0.06									40.96	13.85	0.88	0.07																	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 2, 3, 6	Chaetoceros debilis (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2			59.11	4.62	1189.21	348.73					67.99	1.90	1.55	0.04																	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 2, 3, 6	Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2			62.59	3.49	4432.85	264.18					27.90	11.81	0.38	0.02																	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 2, 3, 6	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2			102.98	4.02	2486.22	499.83					75.41	5.02	1.34	0.14																	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 2, 3, 6	Phaeocystis antarctica (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2			29.16	3.62	4320.35	261.05					65.10	12.18	0.88	0.07																	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 2, 3, 6	Chaetoceros debilis (phytoplankton)		High pCO2			62.95	8.61	683.70	141.11					64.26	8.00	1.55	0.04																	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 2, 3, 6	Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)		High pCO2			46.58	8.97	1478.41	53.67					39.16	4.89	0.38	0.02																	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 2, 3, 6	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (phytoplankton)		High pCO2			105.95	11.83	2034.22	195.42					66.67	3.97	1.34	0.14																	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 2, 3, 6	Phaeocystis antarctica (phytoplankton)		High pCO2			34.95	4.23	474.65	107.60																									3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 4	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	Low pCO2							21	4	15	1.0																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 4	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	Low pCO2							54	10	56	0.4																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 4	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	Low pCO2							8	1	5	1.0																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 4	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	Ambient pCO2							35	5	45	9.0																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 4	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	Ambient pCO2							69	10	17	1.0																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 4	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	Ambient pCO2							12	2	2	0.4																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 4	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	High pCO2							65	11	48	4.0																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 4	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	High pCO2							87	14	77	6.0																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 4	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After two dilutions	High pCO2							29	5	14	1.0																					3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 5	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	Low pCO2	0.57	0.11																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 5	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	Low pCO2	0.57	0.12																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 5	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	Low pCO2	0.62	0.05																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 5	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	Ambient pCO2	0.75	0.11																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 5	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	Ambient pCO2	0.82	0.20																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 5	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	Ambient pCO2	0.76	0.21																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 5	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	High pCO2	0.73	0.17																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 5	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	High pCO2	0.80	0.09																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 5	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	Before first dilution	High pCO2	0.73	0.20																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 5	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	Low pCO2	0.60	0.08																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 5	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	Low pCO2	0.61	0.04																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 5	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	Low pCO2	0.46	0.07																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Figure 5	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	Ambient pCO2	0.78	0.08																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 5	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	Ambient pCO2	0.30	0.08																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 5	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	Ambient pCO2	0.24	0.14																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	39.3	1.3	24	2.0	2067	34	2244	42	8.12	0.02	26	8.03	23	401	399	1994	96	2112	1.45	2.30
Figure 5	50% Chaetoceros debilis and 50% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	High pCO2	0.75	0.12																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 5	80% Chaetoceros debilis and 20% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	High pCO2	0.65	0.15																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Figure 5	20% Chaetoceros debilis and 80% Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)	After first dilution	High pCO2	0.30	0.13																													3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Table 2	Chaetoceros debilis (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2															1.43	0.1	258	15	1.8	1.1	119	27	0.7	0.5	106	16	77	29	152	12	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Table 2	Chaetoceros debilis (phytoplankton)		High pCO2															1.56	0.2	234	11	0.7	0.7	164	16	2.0	1.1	91	24	216	35	143	8	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Table 2	Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2															1.76	0.2	231	7	3.2	0.4	158	7	3.2	1.1	88	9	172	20	146	7	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Table 2	Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata (phytoplankton)		High pCO2															1.19	0.2	192	7	2.6	0.6	135	8	0.8	1.4	111	8	200	85	88	11	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Table 2	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2															1.83	0.2	169	9	4.2	1.4	42	6					42	55	173	11	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Table 2	Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (phytoplankton)		High pCO2															1.88	0.4	223	12	3.8	1.5	87	9					53	24	244	15	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13
Table 2	Phaeocystis antarctica (phytoplankton)		Low pCO2															0.74	0.1	219	8	1.0	0.1	167	8	0.9	0.1	153	5	226	16	65	4	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	16.1	0.8	9	0.5	1978	23	2294	15	8.47	0.02	26	8.38	9	162	161	1799	193	2002	2.92	4.64
Table 2	Phaeocystis antarctica (phytoplankton)		High pCO2															0.01	0.3	217	9	0.6	0.1	143	5			145	10			74	10	3	33.9	100	100	6.25	98.0	7.0	51	5.0	2247	38	2308	32	7.77	0.03	26	7.68	55	982	978	2183	47	2285	0.71	1.13