Citation:

meps10096

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and settlement of a spawning coral on three common species of crustose coralline algae
Published: 2013-12-09
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Mortality/Survival; Pelagos; Porolithon onkodes; Reproduction; Single species; South Pacific; Sporolithon sp.; Titanoderma sp.; Tropical; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

Concern about the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on ecosystem function has prompted many studies to focus on larval recruitment, demonstrating declines in settlement and early growth at elevated CO2 concentrations. Since larval settlement is often driven by particular cues governed by crustose coralline algae (CCA), it is important to determine whether OA reduces larval recruitment with specific CCA and the generality of any effects. We tested the effect of elevated CO2 on the survival and settlement of larvae from the common spawning coral Acropora selago with 3 ecologically important species of CCA, Porolithon onkodes, Sporolithon sp., and Titanoderma sp. After 3 d in no-choice laboratory assays at 447, 705, and 1214 µatm pCO2, the rates of coral settlement declined as pCO2 increased with all CCA taxa. The magnitude of the effect was highest with Titanoderma sp., decreasing by 87% from the ambient to highest CO2 treatment. In general, there were high rates of larval mortality, which were greater with the P. onkodes and Sporolithon sp. treatments (~80%) compared to the Titanoderma sp. treatment (65%). There was an increase in larval mortality as pCO2 increased, but this was variable among the CCA species. It appears that OA reduces coral settlement by rapidly altering the chemical cues associated with the CCA thalli and microbial community, and potentially by directly affecting larval viability.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Mortality/Survival; Pelagos; Porolithon onkodes; Reproduction; Single species; South Pacific; Sporolithon sp.; Titanoderma sp.; Tropical; Zooplankton

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2013-12-07.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Doropoulos, Christopher
2	Treatment	Treat		Doropoulos, Christopher
3	Larvae, dead	Larvae d	#	Doropoulos, Christopher		coral larvae
4	Mortality	Mortality	%	Doropoulos, Christopher		coral larvae
5	Larvae, swimming	Larvae swim	#	Doropoulos, Christopher		coral larvae
6	Larvae, swimming	Larvae swim	%	Doropoulos, Christopher		coral larvae
7	Larvae, settled	Larvae sett	#	Doropoulos, Christopher		coral larvae
8	Larvae, settled	Larvae sett	%	Doropoulos, Christopher		coral larvae
9	Salinity	Sal		Doropoulos, Christopher
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Doropoulos, Christopher		in situ
11	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Doropoulos, Christopher		input
12	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Doropoulos, Christopher		input
13	pH	pH		Doropoulos, Christopher	Potentiometric	total scale
14	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Doropoulos, Christopher	Potentiometric	total scale
15	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Doropoulos, Christopher	Potentiometric titration
16	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Doropoulos, Christopher	Potentiometric titration
17	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
19	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
20	Bicarbonate, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
22	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
23	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
24	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
26	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Doropoulos, Christopher	Calculated using CO2SYS
27	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	in situ, total scale
29	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1944 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Treat	3 Larvae d [#] (coral larvae)	4 Mortality [%] (coral larvae)	5 Larvae swim [#] (coral larvae)	6 Larvae swim [%] (coral larvae)	7 Larvae sett [#] (coral larvae)	8 Larvae sett [%] (coral larvae)	9 Sal	10 Temp [°C] (in situ)	11 Temp [°C] (input)	12 Temp std dev [±] (input)	13 pH (total scale, Potentiometric)	14 pH std dev [±] (total scale, Potentiometric)	15 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	16 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	17 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	18 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	19 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	20 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	21 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	22 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	23 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS)	24 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	25 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	26 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	27 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 pH (in situ, total scale, Calcula...)	29 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	32 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	0	0	0	0	4	20	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	2	10	2	10	3	15	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	0	0	0	0	4	20	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	1	5	1	5	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	5	25	5	25	3	15	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	3	15	3	15	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	5	25	5	25	4	20	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	3	15	3	15	4	20	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	4	20	4	20	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	2	10	2	10	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	3	15	3	15	2	10	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	High pCO2	5	25	5	25	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	High pCO2	3	15	3	15	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	High pCO2	4	20	4	20	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	High pCO2	5	25	5	25	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	High pCO2	0	0	0	0	5	25	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Porolithon onkodes (macroalga)	High pCO2	2	10	2	10	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	1	5	1	5	4	20	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	6	30	6	30	3	15	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	0	0	0	0	4	20	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	1	5	1	5	4	20	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	4	20	4	20	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	1	5	1	5	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	2	10	2	10	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	2	10	2	10	6	30	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	1	5	1	5	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	0	0	0	0	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	1	5	1	5	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	2	10	2	10	3	15	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	0	0	0	0	2	10	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Sporolithon sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	1	5	1	5	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	6	30	6	30	7	35	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	1	5	1	5	7	35	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	15	75	15	75	2	10	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	1	5	1	5	2	10	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	1	5	1	5	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Ambient pCO2	8	40	8	40	4	20	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.98	0.08	2266.2	52.1	447	131	1779.9	111.0	197.3	32.1	4.70	0.80	3.10	0.50	8.00	8.00	12.4	439.9	438.5	1786.0	194.9	1993.3	3.09	4.69
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	5	25	5	25	2	10	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	4	20	4	20	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	4	20	4	20	2	10	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	6	30	6	30	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	4	20	4	20	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	Mid pCO2	4	20	4	20	6	30	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.81	0.03	2269.8	54.7	705	88	1921.5	72.1	141.6	7.2	3.40	0.20	2.20	0.10	8.00	7.83	19.8	701.1	698.9	1921.6	141.6	2083.0	2.25	3.41
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	3	15	3	15	2	10	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	2	10	2	10	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	7	35	7	35	1	5	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	6	30	6	30	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	3	15	3	15	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22
Titanoderma sp. (macroalga)	High pCO2	4	20	4	20	0	0	35	25.0	26.6	1.4	7.60	0.03	2266.6	51.2	1214	90	2039.2	42.1	92.6	7.6	2.20	0.20	1.50	0.10	8.00	7.62	34.3	1210.7	1206.9	2039.7	92.4	2166.3	1.46	2.22