/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Thornalley, David J R; Barker, Stephen; Becker, Julia; Hall, Ian R; Knorr, Gregor (2013): (Table S1) Tie-points used in age model construction for ODP Leg 172 sites. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.821830, Supplement to: Thornalley, DJR et al. (2013): Abrupt changes in deep Atlantic circulation during the transition to full glacial conditions. Paleoceanography, 28(2), 253-262, https://doi.org/10.1002/palo.20025 Abstract: ix Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites, in the Northwest Atlantic have been used to investigate kinematic and chemical changes in the "Western Boundary Undercurrent" (WBUC) during the development of full glacial conditions across the Marine Isotope Stage 5a/4 boundary (~70,000 years ago). Sortable silt mean grain size(sort s) measurements are employed to examine changes in near bottom flow speeds, together with carbon isotopes measured in benthic foraminifera and % planktic foraminiferal fragmentation as proxies for changes in water-mass chemistry. A depth transect of cores, spanning 1.8-4.6 km depth, allows changes in both the strength and depth of the WBUC to be constrained across millennial scale events. Sort s measurements reveal that the flow speed structure of the WBUC during warm intervals ("interstadials") was comparable to modern (Holocene) conditions. However, significant differences are observed during cold intervals, with higher relative flow speeds inferred for the shallow component of the WBUC (~2 km depth) during all cold "stadial" intervals (including Heinrich Stadial 6), and a substantial weakening of the deep component (~3-4 km) during full glacial conditions. Our results therefore reveal that the onset of full glacial conditions was associated with a regime shift to a shallower mode of circulation (involving Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water) that was quantitatively distinct from preceding cold stadial events. Furthermore, our chemical proxy data show that the physical response of the WBUC during the last glacial inception was probably coupled to basin-wide changes in the water-mass composition of the deep Northwest Atlantic. Further details: Hoogakker, Babette A A; McCave, I Nick; Vautravers, Maryline J (2007): Antarctic link to deep flow speed variation during Marine Isotope Stage 3 in the western North Atlantic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 257(3-4), 463-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.003 Project(s): Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) (URI: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 31.818153 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -72.244231 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 29.975389 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -76.286278 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 33.686444 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -57.615000 DATE/TIME START: 1997-02-21T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1997-03-25T00:00:00 MINIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 55.60 m * MAXIMUM DEPTH, sediment/rock: 85.30 m Event(s): 172-1055 * LATITUDE: 32.784333 * LONGITUDE: -76.286278 * DATE/TIME: 1997-02-21T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -1798.1 m * Penetration: 405.4 m * Recovery: 429.4 m * LOCATION: Carolina Slope, North Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: Leg172 (URI: https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.172.1998) * BASIS: Joides Resolution (URI: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * COMMENT: 45 cores; 405.4 m cored; 0 m drilled; 105.9% recovery 172-1057 * LATITUDE: 32.028861 * LONGITUDE: -76.079222 * DATE/TIME: 1997-02-25T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -2583.8 m * Penetration: 341.2 m * Recovery: 364.2 m * LOCATION: Carolina Slope, North Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: Leg172 (URI: https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.172.1998) * BASIS: Joides Resolution (URI: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * COMMENT: 37 cores; 341.2 m cored; 0 m drilled; 106.7% recovery 172-1059 * LATITUDE: 31.674194 * LONGITUDE: -75.418528 * DATE/TIME: 1997-03-03T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -2985.1 m * Penetration: 286 m * Recovery: 301.9 m * LOCATION: Blake Outer Ridge, North Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: Leg172 (URI: https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.172.1998) * BASIS: Joides Resolution (URI: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * COMMENT: 31 cores; 286 m cored; 0 m drilled; 105.6% recovery 172-1060 * LATITUDE: 30.759694 * LONGITUDE: -74.466500 * DATE/TIME: 1997-03-05T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -3481.1 m * Penetration: 426.5 m * Recovery: 442.8 m * LOCATION: Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, North Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: Leg172 (URI: https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.172.1998) * BASIS: Joides Resolution (URI: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * COMMENT: 46 cores; 426.5 m cored; 0 m drilled; 103.8% recovery 172-1061 * LATITUDE: 29.975389 * LONGITUDE: -73.599861 * DATE/TIME: 1997-03-08T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -4040.2 m * Penetration: 725.5 m * Recovery: 697.1 m * LOCATION: Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, North Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: Leg172 (URI: https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.172.1998) * BASIS: Joides Resolution (URI: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * COMMENT: 80 cores; 725.5 m cored; 0 m drilled; 96.1% recovery 172-1063 * LATITUDE: 33.686444 * LONGITUDE: -57.615000 * DATE/TIME: 1997-03-25T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -4583.7 m * Penetration: 1155.8 m * Recovery: 1123.3 m * LOCATION: Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, North Atlantic Ocean * CAMPAIGN: Leg172 (URI: https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.172.1998) * BASIS: Joides Resolution (URI: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/resolutn.html) * METHOD/DEVICE: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * COMMENT: 126 cores; 1155.8 m cored; 0 m drilled; 97.2% recovery Parameter(s): Event label (Event) Latitude of event (Latitude) Longitude of event (Longitude) Elevation of event [m] (Elevation) DEPTH, sediment/rock [m] (Depth sed) * GEOCODE * COMMENT: mbsf Age model [ka] (Age model) * PI: Thornalley, David J R (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-5499, d.thornalley@ucl.ac.uk) Tie point (Tie point) * PI: Thornalley, David J R (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-5499, d.thornalley@ucl.ac.uk) License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 140 data points */ Event Latitude Longitude Elevation [m] Depth sed [m] Age model [ka] Tie point 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 59.55 11.160 G. ruber d18O - onset DO17 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 63.10 11.460 G. ruber and G. inflata d18O - end DO18 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 64.20 11.700 G. ruber and G. inflata d18O - onset DO18 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 68.90 12.450 G. ruber d18O /minimum in %CF - 'DO19a' NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 71.68 13.560 G. ruber d18O - mid-point onset DO19 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 73.16 13.860 G. ruber d18O - end DO20 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 75.70 14.490 G. ruber d18O - onset DO20 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 76.80 14.580 G. ruber d18O - end DO21 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 78.40 14.820 G. ruber d18O /minimum in %CF - warming prior to end DO21 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 82.18 15.420 G. ruber d18O - end of peak warmth of DO21 NGRIP 172-1055 32.784 -76.286 -1798 84.04 15.810 G. ruber d18O - onset of peak warmth of DO21 NGRIP 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 59.50 9.030 G. ruber d18O - onset DO17 NGRIP 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 67.20 10.480 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1055/1059 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 69.50 10.680 G. ruber d18O - end DO19 NGRIP 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 70.90 10.830 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1055/1059 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 72.00 11.080 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1055/1059 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 73.70 11.230 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1055/1059 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 75.70 11.380 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1055/1059 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 78.70 11.530 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1059 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 80.50 11.630 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1059 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 83.00 11.830 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1059 172-1057 32.029 -76.079 -2584 85.30 11.980 G. ruber d18O - G. ruber Site 1059 172-1059 31.674 -75.419 -2985 59.15 21.625 G. ruber d18O - DO17 NGRIP 172-1059 31.674 -75.419 -2985 69.09 26.050 G. ruber d18O - onset 'DO19a' NGRIP 172-1059 31.674 -75.419 -2985 70.00 26.290 G. ruber d18O - end DO19 NGRIP 172-1059 31.674 -75.419 -2985 71.70 26.930 G. ruber d18O - onset DO19 NGRIP 172-1059 31.674 -75.419 -2985 72.80 27.090 G. ruber d18O - end DO20 NGRIP 172-1059 31.674 -75.419 -2985 75.50 27.650 G. ruber d18O - onset DO20 NGRIP 172-1059 31.674 -75.419 -2985 77.10 27.900 G. ruber d18O - end DO21 NGRIP 172-1059 31.674 -75.419 -2985 83.80 30.010 G. ruber d18O - early DO21 NGRIP 172-1060 30.760 -74.466 -3481 59.50 21.800 Faunal assemblage [Hoogakker et al., 2007] - onset DO17 NGRIP 172-1060 30.760 -74.466 -3481 63.30 23.440 Faunal assemblage [Hoogakker et al., 2007] - DO18 NGRIP 172-1060 30.760 -74.466 -3481 69.05 31.020 % carbonate to Site 1063 (end of DO19) 172-1060 30.760 -74.466 -3481 71.70 31.420 % carbonate to Site 1063 (onset of DO19) 172-1060 30.760 -74.466 -3481 73.10 33.120 % carbonate to Site 1063 (end DO20) 172-1060 30.760 -74.466 -3481 75.70 33.620 % carbonate to Site 1063 (onset DO20) 172-1060 30.760 -74.466 -3481 76.90 33.820 % carbonate to Site 1063 (end DO21) 172-1060 30.760 -74.466 -3481 84.40 34.820 % carbonate to Site 1063 (onset DO21) 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 56.10 19.220 G. inflata d18O - end DO16 NGRIP 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 59.11 21.500 G. inflata d18O - onset DO17 NGRIP 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 63.80 26.505 G. inflata d18O - mid DO18 NGRIP 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 69.20 28.445 % carbonate to Site 1063 (end of DO19) 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 71.70 28.765 G. inflata d18O - onset DO19 NGRIP 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 72.80 30.125 G. inflata d18O - end DO20 NGRIP 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 73.30 30.345 % carbonate to Site 1063 (end of DO20) 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 75.14 30.445 % carbonate to Site 1063 (onset of DO20) 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 76.60 31.065 % carbonate to Site 1063 (end of DO21) 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 81.74 31.530 % carbonate to Site 1063 (minima within DO21) 172-1061 29.975 -73.600 -4040 83.80 31.690 G. inflata d18O - onset DO21 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 55.60 22.565 G. inflata d18O - onset DO15 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 55.90 22.685 G. inflata d18O - end DO16 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 57.80 23.005 G. inflata d18O - peak DO16 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 58.50 23.285 G. inflata d18O - onset DO16 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 59.10 23.485 G. inflata d18O - DO17 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 59.70 23.765 G. inflata d18O - onset DO17 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 63.80 25.010 G. inflata d18O - peak DO18 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 69.10 26.890 G. inflata d18O - peak DO19a NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 69.77 27.250 G. inflata d18O - end DO19 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 70.20 27.770 G. inflata d18O - onset of abrupt cooling ending DO19 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 71.55 28.290 G. inflata d18O - peak DO19 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 71.90 28.690 G. inflata d18O - onset of transition into DO19 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 73.00 28.900 G. inflata d18O - end DO20 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 75.50 29.420 G. inflata d18O - peak DO20 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 75.66 29.580 G. inflata d18O - onset of transition into DO20 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 76.70 29.700 G. inflata d18O - end of transition end DO21 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 77.25 29.780 G. inflata d18O - start of transition end DO21 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 78.80 30.020 G. inflata d18O - warming event near end of DO21 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 83.20 30.580 G. inflata d18O - end of peak warmth during DO21 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 84.04 30.740 G. inflata d18O - end of transition into DO21 NGRIP 172-1063 33.686 -57.615 -4584 84.40 31.020 G. inflata d18O - onset of transition into DO21 NGRIP