Fabricius, Katharina Elisabeth; Langdon, Chris; Uthicke, Sven; Humphrey, Craig; Noonan, Sam; De'ath, Glenn; Okazaki, Remy; Muehllehner, Nancy; Glas, Martin S; Lough, Janice M (2011): Physiological and ecological variables measured at the high and low pCO2 reef sections [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.821559, Supplement to: Fabricius, KE et al. (2011): Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Nature Climate Change, 1(3), 165-169, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1122
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Abstract:
Experiments have shown that ocean acidification due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations has deleterious effects on the performance of many marine organisms. However, few empirical or modelling studies have addressed the long-term consequences of ocean acidification for marine ecosystems. Here we show that as pH declines from 8.1 to 7.8 (the change expected if atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase from 390 to 750 ppm, consistent with some scenarios for the end of this century) some organisms benefit, but many more lose out. We investigated coral reefs, seagrasses and sediments that are acclimatized to low pH at three cool and shallow volcanic carbon dioxide seeps in Papua New Guinea. At reduced pH, we observed reductions in coral diversity, recruitment and abundances of structurally complex framework builders, and shifts in competitive interactions between taxa. However, coral cover remained constant between pH 8.1 and ~7.8, because massive Porites corals established dominance over structural corals, despite low rates of calcification. Reef development ceased below pH 7.7. Our empirical data from this unique field setting confirm model predictions that ocean acidification, together with temperature stress, will probably lead to severely reduced diversity, structural complexity and resilience of Indo-Pacific coral reefs within this century.
Keyword(s):
Further details:
Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb
Project(s):
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2013-10-17.
Parameter(s):
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
760 data points
Data
1 Description | 2 Treat | 3 Cov [%] | 4 S (taxa/transect) | 5 Areal den [#/m2] | 6 Lin ext [cm/a] | 7 Density skel b [g/cm3] | 8 Calc rate CaCO3 [g/cm2/a] | 9 Thick [mm] (tissue) | 10 Pigmentation color chart score | 11 µ [mm/day] | 12 Biom [g/m2] | 13 S (#/plot) | 14 H' (#/plot) | 15 Epibionts [%] | 16 Foram [#/m2] (epibiotic foraminifera) | 17 TIC [%] | 18 TPN [%] | 19 TOC [%] | 20 Density [#/g] | 21 S (taxa/g) | 22 Temp [°C] | 23 Sal | 24 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration) | 25 DIC [µmol/kg] (Coulometric titration) | 26 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 27 pH (Potentiometric) | 28 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 29 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 30 pH (total scale, Calculated using...) | 31 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 32 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 33 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 34 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 35 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 36 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 37 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hard coral | Low pCO2 | 30.80 | 4.25 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | |||||||||||||||||
Hard coral | High pCO2 | 32.80 | 2.60 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | |||||||||||||||||
Massive Porites (coral) | Low pCO2 | 10.70 | 1.11 | 1.39 | 1.55 | 3.63 | 3.8 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | |||||||||||||
Massive Porites (coral) | High pCO2 | 24.90 | 1.22 | 1.33 | 1.63 | 3.76 | 3.1 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | |||||||||||||
Structural coral | Low pCO2 | 12.90 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Structural coral | High pCO2 | 4.27 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
Pocillopora damicornis (coral) | Low pCO2 | 0.58 | 0.038 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | |||||||||||||||||
Pocillopora damicornis (coral) | High pCO2 | 0.33 | 0.033 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | |||||||||||||||||
Crustose coralline algae (macroalgae) | Low pCO2 | 6.15 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Crustose coralline algae (macroalgae) | High pCO2 | 0.93 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
Macroalgae red calcareous | Low pCO2 | 1.89 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Macroalgae red calcareous | High pCO2 | 0.27 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
Macroalgae non-calcareous | Low pCO2 | 1.60 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Macroalgae non-calcareous | High pCO2 | 3.33 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
Soft coral cover | Low pCO2 | 2.69 | 0.76 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | |||||||||||||||||
Soft coral cover | High pCO2 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | |||||||||||||||||
Sponges | Low pCO2 | 2.76 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Sponges | High pCO2 | 1.20 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
Seagrass (macroalgae) | Low pCO2 | 0.25 | 1367.00 | 342 | 4.72 | 138 | 21.90 | 1206.00 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||
Seagrass (macroalgae) | High pCO2 | 2.13 | 3641.00 | 1628 | 3.88 | 83 | 1.19 | 1.63 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||
Hard coral juvenile | Low pCO2 | 5.13 | 12.70 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | |||||||||||||||||
Hard coral juvenile | High pCO2 | 2.50 | 4.57 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | |||||||||||||||||
Soft coral juvenile | Low pCO2 | 0.80 | 1.22 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | |||||||||||||||||
Soft coral juvenile | High pCO2 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | |||||||||||||||||
Porites juvenile (coral) | Low pCO2 | 3.98 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Porites juvenile (coral) | High pCO2 | 0.93 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
P. damicornis juvenile (coral) | Low pCO2 | 0.31 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
P. damicornis juvenile (coral) | High pCO2 | 0.23 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
Porites macrobioeroder (coral) | Low pCO2 | 149.00 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Porites macrobioeroder (coral) | High pCO2 | 288.00 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
Sediment | Low pCO2 | 7.39 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||
Sediment | High pCO2 | 2.10 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||
Sediment foraminifera (protist) | Low pCO2 | 55.30 | 20.0 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | |||||||||||||||||
Sediment foraminifera (protist) | High pCO2 | 1.64 | 6.8 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | |||||||||||||||||
Sediment gastropods (mollusc) | Low pCO2 | 12.30 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Sediment gastropods (mollusc) | High pCO2 | 0.41 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||||||||
Calcareous spicules | Low pCO2 | 5.89 | 28.1 | 34.42 | 2291 | 1982 | 435 | 8.02 | 3.58 | 15 | 8.02 | 11 | 431 | 430 | 1750 | 221 | 3.57 | 5.37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Calcareous spicules | High pCO2 | 0.89 | 27.9 | 34.54 | 2325 | 2128 | 1388 | 7.77 | 2.56 | 15 | 7.77 | 36 | 1356 | 1352 | 1934 | 158 | 2.54 | 3.83 |