Citation:

j.dsr.2011.03.007

Name: (Table 2) Megafauna density 2002, 2004 and 2007 in the deep-sea observatory AWI-HAUSGARTEN, Fram Strait
Published: 2011
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Abstract:

Although megafaunal organisms play an important role in deep benthic ecosystems and contribute significantly to benthic biomass in the Arctic little is known about their temporal dynamics. Here, we assessed the interannual dynamics of megafaunal organisms from the HAUSGARTEN observatory in the Fram Strait, an area where the effects of climatic forcing are particularly evident. We analysed three congruent camera transects taken in 2002, 2004 and 2007. Environmental parameters were measured in order to be able to put our faunal results into an environmental context.

Our results indicate that although the densities of megafaunal species show different patterns over time, most exhibit an overall decrease between 2002 and 2007 and total megafaunal densities decreased regularly from 2002 to 2004 to 2007 (12.16 +/- 0.96 to 7.41 +/- 0.43 ind/m**2). This concurs with a steady increase in bottom-water temperatures and a decrease in the total organic content and microbial biomass of surficial sediments at the same time period. Although suspension feeder densities also decreased, predator/scavenger and deposit feeder densities have declined to such an extent that suspension feeders accounted for almost 100% of the megafauna in 2007. It could thus be argued that the trophic diversity at the central HAUSGARTEN station (2500 m) has decreased. Temperature-related changes in the production of the surface layers may lead to changes in the quality and/or quantity of particles exported to the deep seafloor. The densities of deposit feeders (i.e. holothurians) peaked (1.14 +/- 0.13 ind/m**2) in 2004, the year following the longest ice cover. These results indicate the importance of ice-related export of particles to the deep seafloor and highlight the need for time-series transects, especially in an era when productive marginal ice zones tend to disappear with the receding sea ice. Although there is a general consensus that the Arctic is in a transition towards a warmer state, only continued observation will allow us to assess if the interannual changes observed are a result of decadal cycles related to the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillation or if they are indicators of long-term change.

Project(s):

International Polar Year (2007-2008) (IPY)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 79.064633 * Median Longitude: 4.289900 * South-bound Latitude: 79.064400 * West-bound Longitude: 4.287000 * North-bound Latitude: 79.064900 * East-bound Longitude: 4.295200

Date/Time Start: 2002-08-03T05:02:00 * Date/Time End: 2007-07-13T02:38:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m

Event(s):

PS62/161-3 * Latitude: 79.064400 * Longitude: 4.287500 * Date/Time: 2002-08-03T05:02:00 * Elevation: -2416.0 m * Location: North Greenland Sea * Campaign: (PS62) * Basis: * Method/Device: Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS)

PS66/120-1 * Latitude: 79.064600 * Longitude: 4.295200 * Date/Time: 2004-07-10T02:53:00 * Elevation: -2406.0 m * Campaign: (PS66) * Basis: * Method/Device: Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS)

PS70/170-1 * Latitude: 79.064900 * Longitude: 4.287000 * Date/Time: 2007-07-13T02:38:00 * Elevation: -2422.0 m * Location: North Greenland Sea * Campaign: (PS70) * Basis: * Method/Device: Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS)

Comment:

Data extracted in the frame of a joint ICSTI/PANGAEA IPY effort, see http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.150150

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Sampling date	Sampling date		Bergmann, Melanie
3	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m			Geocode
4	Caulophacus arcticus	C. arcticus	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
5	Caulophacus arcticus, standard deviation	C. arcticus std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
6	Cladorhiza gelida	C. gelida	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
7	Cladorhiza gelida, standard deviation	C. gelida std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
8	Porifera	Porifera	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	small round sponge
9	Porifera, standard deviation	Porifera std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	small round
10	Porifera indeterminata	Porifera indet	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
11	Porifera, standard deviation	Porifera std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	indeterminata
12	Gersemia fruticosa	G. fruticosa	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
13	Gersemia fruticosa, standard deviation	G. fruticosa std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
14	Bathyphellia margaritacea	B. margaritacea	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	species questionable
15	Bathyphellia margaritacea, standard deviation	B. margaritacea std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
16	Actiniaria	Actiniaria	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	large purple actinian
17	Actiniaria, standard deviation	Actiniaria std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	large purple actinian
18	Actiniaria	Actiniaria	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
19	Actiniaria, standard deviation	Actiniaria std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
20	Nemertea	Nemertea	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	flattish worm, questionable
21	Nemertea, standard deviation	Nemertea std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
22	Mohnia spp.	Mohnia spp.	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
23	Mohnia spp., standard deviation	Mohnia spp. std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
24	Gastropoda	Gastropoda	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
25	Gastropoda, standard deviation	Gastropoda std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
26	Ascorhynchus abyssi	A. abyssi	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
27	Ascorhynchus abyssi, standard deviation	A. abyssi std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
28	Verum striolatum	V. striolatum	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
29	Verum striolatum, standard deviation	V. striolatum std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
30	Amphipoda	Amphipoda	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
31	Amphipoda, standard deviation	Amphipoda std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
32	Crustacea indeterminata	Crustacea indet	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	burrowing crustacean cf. Arcturidae
33	Crustacea, standard deviation	Crustacea std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	burrowing crustacean cf. Arcturidae
34	Saduria megalura	S. megalura	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
35	Saduria megalura, standard deviation	S. megalura std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
36	Isopoda	Isopoda	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
37	Isopoda, standard deviation	Isopoda std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
38	Bythocaris spp.	Bythocaris spp.	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
39	Bythocaris spp., standard deviation	Bythocaris spp. std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
40	Crustacea	Crustacea	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
41	Crustacea, standard deviation	Crustacea std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
42	Bathycrinus carpenterii	B. carpenterii	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
43	Bathycrinus carpenterii, standard deviation	B. carpenterii std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
44	Comatulida	Comatulida	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
45	Comatulida, standard deviation	Comatulida std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
46	Hymenaster pellucidus	H. pellucidus	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
47	Hymenaster pellucidus, standard deviation	H. pellucidus std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
48	Asteroidea	Asteroidea	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
49	Asteroidea, standard deviation	Asteroidea std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
50	Kolga hyalina	K. hyalina	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
51	Kolga hyalina, standard deviation	K. hyalina std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
52	Elpidia heckeri	E. heckeri	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
53	Elpidia heckeri, standard deviation	E. heckeri std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
54	Pourtalesia jeffreysi	P. jeffreysi	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
55	Pourtalesia jeffreysi, standard deviation	P. jeffreysi std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
56	Lycodes frigidus	L. frigidus	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
57	Lycodes frigidus, standard deviation	L. frigidus std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
58	Megafauna abundance	Megaf	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
59	Megafauna, standard deviation	Megafauna std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
60	Stones	Stones	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	(drop-)stone
61	Standard deviation	Std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	(drop-)stone
62	Burrows	Burrows	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	burrow entrance
63	Standard deviation	Std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	burrows
64	Bathycrinus spp.	Bathycrinus spp.	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	stalk
65	Bathycrinus spp., standard deviation	Bathycrinus spp. std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
66	Evenness of species	E		Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
67	Standard deviation	Std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	evenness
68	Diversity	H(S)		Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	H loge
69	Standard deviation	Std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	diversity
70	Suspension feeder abundance	Susp feeder abund	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
71	Standard deviation	Std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	susp feeders
72	Deposit feeder abundance	Depos feeder abund	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis
73	Standard deviation	Std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	depos feeders
74	Predator abundance	Pred	#/m²	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	including scavengers
75	Standard deviation	Std dev	±	Bergmann, Melanie	OFOS photographic survey with BIIGLE analysis	predators/scavengers

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

219 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Sampling date	4 C. arcticus [#/m²]	5 C. arcticus std dev [±]	6 C. gelida [#/m²]	7 C. gelida std dev [±]	8 Porifera [#/m²] (small round sponge)	9 Porifera std dev [±] (small round)	10 Porifera indet [#/m²]	11 Porifera std dev [±] (indeterminata)	12 G. fruticosa [#/m²]	13 G. fruticosa std dev [±]	14 B. margaritacea [#/m²] (species questionable)	15 B. margaritacea std dev [±]	16 Actiniaria [#/m²] (large purple actinian)	17 Actiniaria std dev [±] (large purple actinian)	18 Actiniaria [#/m²]	19 Actiniaria std dev [±]	20 Nemertea [#/m²] (flattish worm, questionable)	21 Nemertea std dev [±]	22 Mohnia spp. [#/m²]	23 Mohnia spp. std dev [±]	24 Gastropoda [#/m²]	25 Gastropoda std dev [±]	26 A. abyssi [#/m²]	27 A. abyssi std dev [±]	28 V. striolatum [#/m²]	29 V. striolatum std dev [±]	30 Amphipoda [#/m²]	31 Amphipoda std dev [±]	32 Crustacea indet [#/m²] (burrowing crustacean cf. Arct...)	33 Crustacea std dev [±] (burrowing crustacean cf. Arct...)	34 S. megalura [#/m²]	35 S. megalura std dev [±]	36 Isopoda [#/m²]	37 Isopoda std dev [±]	38 Bythocaris spp. [#/m²]	39 Bythocaris spp. std dev [±]	40 Crustacea [#/m²]	41 Crustacea std dev [±]	42 B. carpenterii [#/m²]	43 B. carpenterii std dev [±]	44 Comatulida [#/m²]	45 Comatulida std dev [±]	46 H. pellucidus [#/m²]	47 H. pellucidus std dev [±]	48 Asteroidea [#/m²]	49 Asteroidea std dev [±]	50 K. hyalina [#/m²]	51 K. hyalina std dev [±]	52 E. heckeri [#/m²]	53 E. heckeri std dev [±]	54 P. jeffreysi [#/m²]	55 P. jeffreysi std dev [±]	56 L. frigidus [#/m²]	57 L. frigidus std dev [±]	58 Megaf [#/m²]	59 Megafauna std dev [±]	60 Stones [#/m²] ((drop-)stone)	61 Std dev [±] ((drop-)stone)	62 Burrows [#/m²] (burrow entrance)	63 Std dev [±] (burrows)	64 Bathycrinus spp. [#/m²] (stalk)	65 Bathycrinus spp. std dev [±]	66 E	67 Std dev [±] (evenness)	68 H(S) (H loge)	69 Std dev [±] (diversity)	70 Susp feeder abund [#/m²]	71 Std dev [±] (susp feeders)	72 Depos feeder abund [#/m²]	73 Std dev [±] (depos feeders)	74 Pred [#/m²] (including scavengers)	75 Std dev [±] (predators/scavengers)
PS62/161-3	2002	0.127	0.054	0.146	0.037	0.191	0.045	0.369	0.181	0.477	0.106	1.410	0.189	1.097	0.144	0.533	0.210	0.045	0.024	0.385	0.060	1.615	0.336	0.000	0.000	0.014	0.014	0.117	0.054	0.617	0.098	0.046	0.026	0.000	0.000	0.237	0.120	0.782	0.124	3.030	0.212	0.033	0.022	0.009	0.009	0.007	0.007	0.011	0.011	0.797	0.143	0.020	0.014	0.030	0.017	12.160	0.959	0.314	0.090	14.79	0.990	2.047	0.170	0.861	0.012	1.894	0.050	7.427	0.615	0.828	0.143	0.759	0.141
PS66/120-1	2004	0.074	0.035	0.141	0.030	0.109	0.028	0.093	0.029	0.277	0.050	0.912	0.107	0.871	0.089	0.362	0.079	0.024	0.014	0.447	0.070	0.496	0.091	0.007	0.007	0.008	0.008	0.091	0.035	0.977	0.103	0.030	0.015	0.005	0.005	0.060	0.027	1.092	0.110	1.894	0.152	0.039	0.017	0.015	0.011	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.134	0.126	0.008	0.008	0.007	0.007	9.173	0.493	0.275	0.052	10.19	0.464	2.330	0.181	0.892	0.006	2.079	0.027	4.781	0.238	1.142	0.126	0.589	0.075
PS70/170-1	2007	0.138	0.044	0.175	0.037	0.007	0.007	0.123	0.054	0.495	0.063	0.451	0.093	1.038	0.084	0.281	0.072	0.004	0.004	0.076	0.027	0.134	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.007	0.007	0.697	0.118	0.005	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.107	0.032	0.723	0.117	2.622	0.170	0.051	0.024	0.016	0.009	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.244	0.069	0.000	0.000	0.013	0.009	7.406	0.432	0.446	0.070	10.59	0.340	1.632	0.130	0.819	0.014	1.695	0.060	5.381	0.287	0.244	0.069	0.222	0.043