/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Petersen, Jillian M; Zielinski, Frank U; Pape, Thomas; Seifert, Richard; Moraru, Cristina; Amann, Rudolf; Hourdez, Stéphane; Girguis, Peter R; Wankel, Scott D; Barbe, Valerie; Pelletier, Eric; Fink, Dennis; Borowski, Christian; Bach, Wolfgang; Dubilier, Nicole (2011): Results of H2-consumption experiments during METEOR cruise M64/2 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.807171, In supplement to: Petersen, JM et al. (2011): Hydrogen is an energy source for hydrothermal vent symbioses. Nature, 476, 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10325 Abstract: The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents in 1977 revolutionized our understanding of the energy sources that fuel primary productivity on Earth. Hydrothermal vent ecosystems are dominated by animals that live in symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria. So far, only two energy sources have been shown to power chemosynthetic symbioses: reduced sulphur compounds and methane. Using metagenome sequencing, single-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, shipboard incubations and in situ mass spectrometry, we show here that the symbionts of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge use hydrogen to power primary production. In addition, we show that the symbionts of Bathymodiolus mussels from Pacific vents have hupL, the key gene for hydrogen oxidation. Furthermore, the symbionts of other vent animals such as the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila and the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata also have hupL. We propose that the ability to use hydrogen as an energy source is widespread in hydrothermal vent symbioses, particularly at sites where hydrogen is abundant. Related to: Lackschewitz, Klas Sven; Armini, M; Augustin, Nico; Dubilier, Nicole; Edge, David; Engemann, Greg; Fabian, M; Felden, Janine; Franke, Philipp; Gärtner, Andrea; Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter; Gennerich, Hans-Hermann; Hüttig, D; Marbler, Herwig; Meyerdierks, Anke; Pape, Thomas; Perner, Kerstin; Reuter, Markus; Ruhland, Götz; Schmidt, K; Schott, Thorsten; Schröder, Michael; Schroll, G; Seiter, Christian; Stecher, Jens; Strauss, Harald; Viehweger, Marc; Weber, Stefan; Wenzhöfer, Frank; Zielinski, Frank (2005): Mid-Atlantic Expedition 2005, Cruise No. 64, Leg 2, Longterm study of hydrothermalism and biology at the Logatchev field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 14°45' N (revisit 2005, HYDROMAR II), 6 May - 6 June 2005, Fortaleza (Brazil) - Dakar (Senegal). METEOR-Berichte, Leitstelle Meteor, Institut für Meereskunde der Universität Hamburg, 05, 171 pp, hdl:10013/epic.32337.d001 Zielinski, Frank (2009): Geobiological coupling of hydrothermal vent fluids with endosymbiotic primary producers of bathymodiolus mussels from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge [dissertation]. University of Bremen, Germany, 159 pp, urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-diss000115375 Project(s): From Mantle to Ocean: Energy-, Material- and Life-cycles at Spreading Axes (DERIDGE) (URI: https://www.geomar.de/forschen/fb4/fb4-muhs/projekte/spp1144/) Funding: German Research Foundation (DFG) (URI: http://www.dfg.de/en/), grant/award no. 5471797: From Mantle to Ocean: Energy-, Material- and Life-cycles at Spreading Axes (URI: https://gepris.dfg.de/project/5471797) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 14.752900 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -44.979020 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 14.751700 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -44.980200 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 14.753500 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -44.977800 DATE/TIME START: 2005-05-17T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2005-05-26T00:00:00 MINIMUM ELEVATION: -3053.0 m * MAXIMUM ELEVATION: -3003.0 m Event(s): M64/2-244-ROV * LATITUDE: 14.753000 * LONGITUDE: -44.978800 * DATE/TIME: 2005-05-17T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -3032.0 m * LOCATION: Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 10-15°N * CAMPAIGN: M64/2 (HYDROMAR2) * BASIS: Meteor (1986) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Meteor_(1986)) * METHOD/DEVICE: Remote operated vehicle (ROV) * COMMENT: IRINA II; OBT and OBP positioned, biological sampling M64/2-263-ROV * LATITUDE: 14.753300 * LONGITUDE: -44.979300 * DATE/TIME: 2005-05-22T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -3045.0 m * LOCATION: Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 10-15°N * CAMPAIGN: M64/2 (HYDROMAR2) * BASIS: Meteor (1986) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Meteor_(1986)) * METHOD/DEVICE: Remote operated vehicle (ROV) * COMMENT: IRINA II, QUEST; Biological sampling, OBT re-positioning M64/2-266-ROV * LATITUDE START: 14.753000 * LONGITUDE START: -44.979000 * LATITUDE END: 14.751700 * LONGITUDE END: -44.977800 * DATE/TIME: 2005-05-23T00:00:00 * ELEVATION START: -3034.0 m * ELEVATION END: -3003.0 m * LOCATION: Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 10-15°N * CAMPAIGN: M64/2 (HYDROMAR2) * BASIS: Meteor (1986) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Meteor_(1986)) * METHOD/DEVICE: Remote operated vehicle (ROV) * COMMENT: IRINA II and Site B; Profiler and biological sampling, Fluid sampling M64/2-281-ROV * LATITUDE: 14.753500 * LONGITUDE: -44.980200 * DATE/TIME: 2005-05-26T00:00:00 * ELEVATION: -3053.0 m * LOCATION: Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 10-15°N * CAMPAIGN: M64/2 (HYDROMAR2) * BASIS: Meteor (1986) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Meteor_(1986)) * METHOD/DEVICE: Remote operated vehicle (ROV) * COMMENT: QUEST; Benthic chamber deployed at IRINA II, fluid, biological and geological sampling at QUEST site Comment: Hydrogen consumption incubations Sampling site: For on-board physiological experiments specimens of Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis were sampled at the Logatchev hydrothermal vent field on the northern MAR. Mussels were sampled using nets (40 cm length, 20 cm diameter opening, mesh size 335 µm [Hydrobios, Kiel, Germany]) handled by the manipulator arm of the remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) Quest 4000 m (MARUM, Bremen, Germany). Mussel dissection for shipboard incubations: For hydrogen consumption experiments, tissues from three individuals were used in each experiment. Mussels were opened with a scalpel by cutting through the posterior and anterior adductor muscles. Viability was tested by prodding the foot with a dissection needle and only mussels whose foot contracted were used. The foot and both gills were separated from the remaining tissue using dissection scissors. Tissue pieces of 6 mm in diameter were cut out of the gill and the foot tissues using a steel hole-puncher. One tissue piece from each individual was frozen in liquid nitrogen for weight determination in the home laboratory. The mean wet weight was 34.2 mg +/- 10.5 mg (n=18). For negative controls, foot tissues that do not contain endosymbiotic bacteria and boiled gill tissues were used. Experimental setup: Glass serum vials (58 ml) were fully filled with chilled (4°C) sterile-filtered (0.22 µm) bottom seawater retrieved from 3000 m water depth. One piece of gill tissue was placed in the vial, the vial closed with a gas-tight rubber stopper avoiding any inclusion of air bubbles, and crimped with aluminum seals. Control vials contained foot tissue, boiled gill tissue or no tissue at all. 20 ml of hydrogen gas (100 ppm in helium, Linde) were injected through the rubber stopper using a gas-tight syringe with a second syringe allowing pressure compensation through the outflow of seawater. All vials were placed up-side down to avoid possible gas exchange via the rubber stopper and incubated at 4°C on a slowly rotating table. At given time points a subsample was taken with a gas-tight syringe from the headspace with the pressure decrease compensated through the inflow of chilled sterile-filtered seawater from a second syringe. Analysis of the headspace hydrogen content: The hydrogen concentration in the headspace was determined using a gas chromatograph (Thermo Trace GC ultra) equipped with a packed stainless steel column (Molecular Sieve 5A, carrier gas: He) and a pulse discharge detector (PDD). Recording and calculation of results was performed using a PC operated integration system (Thermo Chrom Card A/D). Analytical procedures were calibrated daily with commercial gas standards (Linde). Incubation conditions and rate calculations: The concentrations of dissolved hydrogen and oxygen were calculated from Crozier and Yamamoto (1974) [Solubility of hydrogen in water, seawater, and NaCl solutions. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 19(3), 242-244, doi:10.1021/je60062a007] and Weiss (1970) [Weiss, Ray F (1970): Solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 17, 721-735, doi:10.1016/0011-7471(70)90037-9] under the assumption of Henry's law i.e. that the concentration of a dissolved gas in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the solution. The molar volume of an ideal gas (22.414 l mol-1) was used to convert between the partial pressure of a gas (ppm) and the amount of the gas (in moles) in the headspace. The rates of hydrogen removal from the headspace [in nmol h-1 (piece tissue)-1] were calculated for the first 60 minutes after addition of the electron source performing non-linear regression through the data points obtained during the complete incubation period of up to 60 hours. Exponential and hyperbolic regression described by the equations f=a*exp(b/(x+c)) and f=y0+(a*b)/(b+x) gave well-fitting regression curves (R2 = 0.920 and 0.921, respectively; standard error of estimate 6.434 and 6.400, respectively). The effect of methodological hydrogen removal from the headspace through subsampling was considered. The rates at which hydrogen disappeared from incubation vials containing only seawater but no tissues (chemical oxidation, hydrogen loss by diffusion) were subtracted from the tissue rates. Resulting rates were then normalized to gram wet weight (in nmol h-1 [g wet weight]-1). Parameter(s): Event label (Event) Sample ID (Sample ID) * PI: Zielinski, Frank (frank.zielinski@ufz.de) Time in minutes [min] (Time min) * PI: Zielinski, Frank (frank.zielinski@ufz.de) Hydrogen [ppmv] (H2) * PI: Zielinski, Frank (frank.zielinski@ufz.de) * COMMENT: headspace Hydrogen concentration [nmol] (H2) * PI: Zielinski, Frank (frank.zielinski@ufz.de) * COMMENT: dissolved Wet mass [mg] (Wet m) * PI: Zielinski, Frank (frank.zielinski@ufz.de) Hydrogen consumption rate [nmol/h] (H2 cons rate) * PI: Zielinski, Frank (frank.zielinski@ufz.de) * COMMENT: per gill tissue piece Hydrogen consumption rate per weight [nmol/h/g] (H2 cons rate) * PI: Zielinski, Frank (frank.zielinski@ufz.de) * COMMENT: normalized to wet weight Comment (Comment) * PI: Zielinski, Frank (frank.zielinski@ufz.de) * COMMENT: related to H2 consumption rate License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 986 data points */ Event Sample ID Time min [min] H2 [ppmv] H2 [nmol] Wet m [mg] H2 cons rate [nmol/h] H2 cons rate [nmol/h/g] Comment M64/2-263-ROV 263ROV/5 gill 0 100 89 M64/2-263-ROV 263ROV/5 gill 120 54 50 M64/2-263-ROV 263ROV/5 gill 855 13 17 M64/2-263-ROV 263ROV/5 gill 1275 25 25 M64/2-263-ROV 263ROV/5 gill 1815 8 16 M64/2-263-ROV 263ROV/5 gill 2475 7 16 M64/2-263-ROV 263ROV/5 gill 26.76 778.13 weight not determined M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-1 gill 0 100 89 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-1 gill 120 65 60 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-1 gill 480 26 30 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-1 gill 1140 11 19 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-1 gill 1620 10 19 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-1 gill 1905 9 19 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-1 gill 2610 8 18 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-1 gill 28.2 19.53 566.72 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-2 gill 0 100 89 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-2 gill 120 73 67 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-2 gill 525 30 34 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-2 gill 1245 10 20 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-2 gill 1665 10 20 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-2 gill 1920 9 20 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-2 gill 2475 7 20 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-2 gill 56.0 14.99 433.89 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-3 gill 0 100 89 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-3 gill 120 45 41 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-3 gill 1230 8 11 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-3 gill 1710 9 12 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-3 gill 1980 6 11 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-3 gill 2595 8 11 M64/2-266-ROV 266ROV/7-3 gill 27.8 33.66 980.26 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 1 0 100 89 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 1 120 92 85 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 1 450 91 84 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 1 1230 89 84 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 1 1605 90 84 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 1 1980 79 80 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 1 2460 77 80 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 1 0.18 not applicable M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 2 0 100 89 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 2 120 102 95 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 2 540 92 87 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 2 1290 74 75 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 2 1710 97 87 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 2 2025 88 84 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 2 2535 85 83 M64/2-266-ROV (266/7) seawater control 2 0.21 not applicable M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-1 gill 0 100 89 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-1 gill 60 72 66 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-1 gill 480 26 30 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-1 gill 1080 14 22 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-1 gill 1755 14 22 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-1 gill 2445 11 21 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-1 gill 3615 12 21 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-1 gill 49.7 24.48 711.59 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-2 gill 0 100 89 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-2 gill 510 34 27 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-2 gill 1155 27 23 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-2 gill 1905 16 17 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-2 gill 2625 16 17 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-2 gill 3705 14 16 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-2 gill 53.8 25.11 730.09 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-3 gill 0 100 89 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-3 gill 60 87 81 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-3 gill 510 58 46 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-3 gill 1230 35 43 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-3 gill 1860 33 42 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-3 gill 2610 27 39 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-3 gill 3765 21 38 M64/2-281-ROV 281ROV/3-3 gill 39.8 13.43 388.25 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 1 0 100 89 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 1 60 93 86 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 1 495 91 84 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 1 1095 90 84 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 1 1740 88 83 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 1 2445 79 80 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 1 3630 78 80 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 1 0.14 not applicable M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 2 0 100 89 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 2 60 98 90 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 2 555 89 83 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 2 1155 87 82 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 2 1845 84 81 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 2 2565 81 80 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 2 3690 75 78 M64/2-281-ROV (281ROV/3) seawater control 2 0.18 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/5-1 gill (not transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/5-1 gill (not transplanted) 120 85 78 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/5-1 gill (not transplanted) 960 63 61 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/5-1 gill (not transplanted) 1740 49 55 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/5-1 gill (not transplanted) 2460 42 52 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/5-1 gill (not transplanted) 3615 12 21 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/5-1 gill (not transplanted) 5.19 147.07 weight not determined M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill (1 day transplanted) 0 101 90 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill (1 day transplanted) 540 69 64 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill (1 day transplanted) 990 54 52 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill (1 day transplanted) 1560 53 51 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill (1 day transplanted) 2220 42 46 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill (1 day transplanted) 2745 44 47 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill (1 day transplanted) 3465 38 45 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill (1 day transplanted) 25.5 6.00 170.50 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill (1 day transplanted) 0 95 84 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill (1 day transplanted) 435 72 67 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill (1 day transplanted) 960 59 56 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill (1 day transplanted) 1500 52 52 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill (1 day transplanted) 2160 52 52 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill (1 day transplanted) 2685 35 45 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill (1 day transplanted) 3435 33 45 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill (1 day transplanted) 29.7 3.65 101.87 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill (1 day transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill (1 day transplanted) 510 87 80 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill (1 day transplanted) 1500 64 64 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill (1 day transplanted) 2250 61 62 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill (1 day transplanted) 2640 59 62 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill (1 day transplanted) 3630 78 80 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill (1 day transplanted) 25.3 1.79 47.30 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 0 98 88 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 570 96 88 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 1560 91 84 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 2280 88 83 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 2640 85 82 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 3420 84 82 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 0.12 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 0 97 86 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 585 96 88 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 1080 84 79 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 1500 94 86 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 2280 78 78 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-2 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 0.22 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 450 85 79 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 975 87 81 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 1470 80 76 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 2220 72 72 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 2640 80 75 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 3360 76 74 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 gill boiled (1 day transplanted) 0.12 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 foot (1 day transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 foot (1 day transplanted) 600 92 85 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 foot (1 day transplanted) 1095 90 84 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 foot (1 day transplanted) 1590 86 81 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 foot (1 day transplanted) 2220 85 81 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 foot (1 day transplanted) 2730 74 76 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 foot (1 day transplanted) 3510 80 78 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-1 foot (1 day transplanted) 50.9 0.19 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 foot (1 day transplanted) 0 99 88 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 foot (1 day transplanted) 600 95 88 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 foot (1 day transplanted) 1050 85 80 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 foot (1 day transplanted) 1620 83 79 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 foot (1 day transplanted) 2190 88 82 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 foot (1 day transplanted) 2730 80 79 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/7-3 foot (1 day transplanted) 0.20 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-1 gill (5 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-1 gill (5 days transplanted) 120 59 54 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-1 gill (5 days transplanted) 1020 20 23 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-1 gill (5 days transplanted) 1410 22 25 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-1 gill (5 days transplanted) 1770 11 20 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-1 gill (5 days transplanted) 2580 10 19 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-1 gill (5 days transplanted) 24.8 22.60 656.46 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-2 gill (5 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-2 gill (5 days transplanted) 120 67 62 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-2 gill (5 days transplanted) 960 24 28 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-2 gill (5 days transplanted) 1320 24 28 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-2 gill (5 days transplanted) 2565 13 23 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-2 gill (5 days transplanted) 41.4 16.73 484.78 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-3 gill (5 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-3 gill (5 days transplanted) 120 86 79 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-3 gill (5 days transplanted) 1740 57 65 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-3 gill (5 days transplanted) 2400 40 59 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/8-3 gill (5 days transplanted) 29.1 5.46 154.86 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 1 (5 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 1 (5 days transplanted) 1110 95 87 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 1 (5 days transplanted) 1380 96 88 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 1 (5 days transplanted) 1860 89 84 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 1 (5 days transplanted) 2580 82 82 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 1 (5 days transplanted) 0.18 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 2 (5 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 2 (5 days transplanted) 1020 93 86 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 2 (5 days transplanted) 1425 95 87 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 2 (5 days transplanted) 1785 87 83 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 2 (5 days transplanted) 2625 87 83 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/8) seawater control 2 (5 days transplanted) 0.15 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-1 gill (7 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-1 gill (7 days transplanted) 180 77 72 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-1 gill (7 days transplanted) 540 82 75 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-1 gill (7 days transplanted) 1770 43 50 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-1 gill (7 days transplanted) 2565 29 42 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-1 gill (7 days transplanted) 3585 21 39 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-1 gill (7 days transplanted) 21.0 2.19 59.00 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-2 gill (7 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-2 gill (7 days transplanted) 180 89 82 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-2 gill (7 days transplanted) 540 81 76 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-2 gill (7 days transplanted) 1335 59 62 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-2 gill (7 days transplanted) 1770 55 60 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-2 gill (7 days transplanted) 2580 41 54 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-2 gill (7 days transplanted) 3600 32 52 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-2 gill (7 days transplanted) 26.2 2.19 59.19 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-3 gill (7 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-3 gill (7 days transplanted) 180 80 74 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-3 gill (7 days transplanted) 480 76 71 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-3 gill (7 days transplanted) 1170 53 56 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-3 gill (7 days transplanted) 1755 33 45 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-3 gill (7 days transplanted) 2505 25 42 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-3 gill (7 days transplanted) 3645 17 40 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/9-3 gill (7 days transplanted) 42.1 3.45 95.87 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 1 (7 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 1 (7 days transplanted) 180 90 83 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 1 (7 days transplanted) 480 89 82 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 1 (7 days transplanted) 1110 79 76 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 1 (7 days transplanted) 1650 76 75 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 1 (7 days transplanted) 2550 83 78 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 1 (7 days transplanted) 0.17 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 2 (7 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 2 (7 days transplanted) 180 91 84 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 2 (7 days transplanted) 540 91 84 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 2 (7 days transplanted) 1605 85 80 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 2 (7 days transplanted) 2385 82 79 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/9) seawater control 2 (7 days transplanted) 0.15 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-1 gill (10 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-1 gill (10 days transplanted) 120 88 81 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-1 gill (10 days transplanted) 795 62 61 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-1 gill (10 days transplanted) 2040 42 48 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-1 gill (10 days transplanted) 2730 27 40 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-1 gill (10 days transplanted) 3390 13 35 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-1 gill (10 days transplanted) 29.1 2.83 77.96 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-2 gill (10 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-2 gill (10 days transplanted) 120 87 80 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-2 gill (10 days transplanted) 900 69 67 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-2 gill (10 days transplanted) 2130 64 63 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-2 gill (10 days transplanted) 2700 46 54 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-2 gill (10 days transplanted) 3330 30 48 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-2 gill (10 days transplanted) 1.55 40.35 weight not determined M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-3 gill (10 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-3 gill (10 days transplanted) 120 89 82 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-3 gill (10 days transplanted) 720 79 74 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-3 gill (10 days transplanted) 2610 69 70 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-3 gill (10 days transplanted) 3225 49 62 M64/2-244-ROV 244ROV/10-3 gill (10 days transplanted) 32.3 2.51 68.46 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 1 (10 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 1 (10 days transplanted) 120 89 82 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 1 (10 days transplanted) 900 85 79 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 1 (10 days transplanted) 2085 79 75 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 1 (10 days transplanted) 3585 66 72 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 1 (10 days transplanted) 0.18 not applicable M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 2 (10 days transplanted) 0 100 89 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 2 (10 days transplanted) 120 90 84 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 2 (10 days transplanted) 750 81 76 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 2 (10 days transplanted) 2040 78 75 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 2 (10 days transplanted) 2670 85 78 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 2 (10 days transplanted) 3450 62 70 M64/2-244-ROV (244ROV/10) seawater control 2 (10 days transplanted) 0.18 not applicable