Citation:

S001670290910005X

Name: (Table 1) Mn, Fe, TOC and CaCO3 concentrations in bottom sediments and silt waters of Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea
Published: 2009
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Abstract:

The redox stratification of bottom sediments in Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea, is characterized by elevated concentrations of Mn (3-5%) and Fe (7.5%) in the uppermost layer, which is two orders of magnitude and one and a half times, respectively, higher than the average concentrations of these elements in the Earth's crust. The high concentrations of organic matter (Corg = 1-2%) in these sediments cannot maintain (because of its low reaction activity) the sulfate-reducing process (the concentration of sulfide Fe is no higher than 0.6%). The clearest manifestation of diagenesis is the extremely high Mn2+ concentration in the silt water (>500 µM), which causes its flux into the bottom water, oxidation in contact with oxygen, and the synthesis of MnO2 oxy-hydroxide enriching the surface layer of the sediments. Such migrations are much less typical of Fe. Upon oxygen exhaustion in the uppermost layer of the sediments, the synthesized oxyhydroxides (MnO2 and FeOOH) serve as oxidizers of organic matter during anaerobic diagenesis. The calculated diffusion-driven Mn flux from the sediments (280 µM/m**2 day) and corresponding amount of forming Mn oxyhydrate as compared to opposite oxygen flux to sediments (1-10 mM/m**2 day) indicates that >10% organic matter in the surface layer of the sediments can be oxidized with the participation of MnO2. The roles of other oxidizers of organic matter (FeOOH and SO4**2-) becomes discernible at deeper levels of the sediments. The detailed calculation of the balance of reducing processes testifies to the higher consumption of organic matter during the diagenesis of surface sediments than it follows from the direct determination of Corg. The most active diagenetic redox processes terminate at depths of 25-50 cm. Layers enriched in Mn at deeper levels are metastable relicts of its surface accumulation and are prone to gradual dissemination.

Project(s):

Archive of Ocean Data (ARCOD)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 66.395250 * Median Longitude: 34.405667 * South-bound Latitude: 65.976500 * West-bound Longitude: 33.664000 * North-bound Latitude: 66.656833 * East-bound Longitude: 35.533667

Date/Time Start: 2002-09-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2002-09-16T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.0050 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 3.8500 m

Event(s):

Ekolog-2002-3 * Latitude: 66.330000 * Longitude: 33.664000 * Elevation: -80.0 m * Location: White Sea * Campaign: * Basis: Ekolog * Method/Device: Grab (GRAB)

Ekolog-2002-58 * Latitude: 66.561500 * Longitude: 33.720500 * Date/Time Start: 2002-09-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2002-09-16T00:00:00 * Elevation: -86.0 m * Location: White Sea * Campaign: * Basis: Ekolog

Ekolog-2002-59 * Latitude: 66.334000 * Longitude: 35.533667 * Elevation: -80.0 m * Location: White Sea * Campaign: * Basis: Ekolog * Method/Device: Grab (GRAB)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Method comment	Method comm		Rozanov, Alexander G
3	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m			Geocode
4	Depth, top/min	Depth top	m	Rozanov, Alexander G
5	Depth, bottom/max	Depth bot	m	Rozanov, Alexander G
6	Lithology/composition/facies	Lithology		Rozanov, Alexander G
7	Iron	Fe	%	Rozanov, Alexander G		total
8	Iron II, ferrous iron	Fe(II)	%	Rozanov, Alexander G		reactive; # = traces
9	Iron III, ferric iron	Fe(III)	%	Rozanov, Alexander G		reactive
10	Iron 2+	Fe2+	µmol/l	Rozanov, Alexander G		silt water
11	Iron, total	Fe tot	µmol/l	Rozanov, Alexander G		Fe(II+III) silt water
12	Manganese	Mn	%	Rozanov, Alexander G		total
13	Manganese	Mn	µmol/l	Rozanov, Alexander G		silt water
14	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Rozanov, Alexander G	Carbon analyser AN-7529, 7560
15	Calcium carbonate	CaCO3	%	Rozanov, Alexander G	Carbon analyser AN-7529, 7560
16	Water content, wet mass	Water wm	%	Rozanov, Alexander G

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

836 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Method comm	3 Depth sed [m]	4 Depth top [m]	5 Depth bot [m]	6 Lithology	7 Fe [%]	8 Fe(II) [%]	9 Fe(III) [%]	10 Fe2+ [µmol/l]	11 Fe tot [µmol/l]	12 Mn [%]	13 Mn [µmol/l]	14 TOC [%]	15 CaCO3 [%]	16 Water wm [%]
Ekolog-2002-58	bottom grab	0.0150	0.000	0.030	Semifluid brown politic silt	3.36	#0.00	1.45	<0.05	0.78	0.13	2.90	0.89	3.57	82.1
Ekolog-2002-58	bottom grab	0.0450	0.030	0.060	Gray, dense		0.28	0.35	<0.05	1.20		21.50	0.64	1.56	48.1
Ekolog-2002-59	bottom grab	0.0050	0.000	0.010	Semifluid brown politic silt	4.44	0.05	2.09	<0.05		0.15	3.60	0.86	2.38	81.2
Ekolog-2002-59	bottom grab	0.0200	0.010	0.030	Gray, dense	3.36	0.49	0.37	0.75	2.92	0.04	39.40	0.97	2.41	60.0
Ekolog-2002-59	bottom grab	0.0500	0.030	0.070	Gray, dense	3.45	0.47	0.17	3.41	7.05	0.04	19.60	0.97	3.16	48.5
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.0450	0.020	0.070	water on sediment				<0.05	0.54		0.38
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.0100	0.000	0.020					<0.05	1.35		0.23
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.0100	0.000	0.020	Semifluid brown politic silt, grading into gray and a denser one downward		0.05	1.83	<0.05	0.65		6.20			62.9
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.0300	0.020	0.040			0.44	0.25	2.41	5.16		36.20			54.2
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.0550	0.040	0.070			0.49	0.17	3.04	5.82		38.00			50.0
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.0900	0.070	0.110			0.51	0.20	5.87	10.72		35.30	1.32	1.75	51.4
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.1400	0.110	0.170	Pale gray, with black films and laminae	3.17	0.55	0.14	3.56	6.31	0.04	29.60	0.75	1.75	55.0
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.1900	0.170	0.210			0.51	0.13	2.81	4.90		24.90	0.98	1.81	50.0
Ekolog-2002-59	Niemisto corer	0.2350	0.210	0.260			0.52	0.16	2.61	4.49		26.30	0.97	2.66	48.0
Ekolog-2002-3	bottom grab	0.0050	0.000	0.010	Semifluid brown politic silt	4.16	0.26	3.38	0.09	0.64	0.14	4.00	1.69	2.32	85.6
Ekolog-2002-3	bottom grab	0.0200	0.010	0.030	Gray, dense	3.26	0.57	0.21	5.71	17.65	0.04	58.50	1.40	1.91	46.3
Ekolog-2002-3	bottom grab	0.0500	0.030	0.070	Gray, dense, with black films		0.82	0.22	3.96	8.81		30.40	0.70	2.06	57.5
Ekolog-2002-3	Niemisto corer	0.0450	0.020	0.070	water on sediment				<0.05			0.51
Ekolog-2002-3	Niemisto corer	0.0100	0.000	0.020					<0.05			0.55
Ekolog-2002-3	Niemisto corer	0.0075	0.000	0.015	Semifluid brown politic silt		0.69	3.45	0.34	0.90		5.60			85.6
Ekolog-2002-3	Niemisto corer	0.0350	0.015	0.055	Gray, becomes gradually denser with depth, with black films		0.58	0.18	7.28	19.66		64.70	1.47	2.07	44.3
Ekolog-2002-3	Niemisto corer	0.0750	0.055	0.095		3.22	0.92	0.26	7.25	15.72	0.04	52.70	1.35	2.07	60.8
Ekolog-2002-3	Niemisto corer	0.1190	0.095	0.143		3.31	0.74	0.22	2.92	5.52	0.04	21.20	1.29	2.00	54.2
Ekolog-2002-3	Niemisto corer	0.1565	0.143	0.170		3.45	0.71	0.14	1.81	3.49	0.04	14.50	1.30	0.84	57.4
PSh55-4931	bottom grab	0.0050	0.000	0.010	Dark brown silt			3.32	0.70	0.70	5.02	75.00	1.95	3.75	88.9
PSh55-4931	bottom grab	0.0150	0.010	0.020	Dark brown silt, of rust-brown color	5.29		2.25	1.50	1.60	2.79	330.00	2.00	3.06	75.8
PSh55-4931	bottom grab	0.0250	0.020	0.030	Dark brown silt, of rust-brown color	5.00	0.06	1.91	0.70	1.20	1.07	458.00	1.89	3.81	73.2
PSh55-4931	bottom grab	0.0450	0.030	0.060	Dark brown silt, of rust-brown color	4.56	0.08	2.15	1.40	2.00	1.53	534.00	1.70	4.56	70.5
PSh55-4931	bottom grab	0.1500	0.100	0.200	Dark brown silt, of greenish gray color, with hydrotroilite films	5.73	1.48	0.22	0.60	1.80	0.36	579.00	1.30	4.40	70.8
PSh55-4932	bottom grab	0.0100	0.000	0.020	Water-rich dark gray pelitic silt	5.19	0.17	2.45	0.25	1.10	2.61	412.00	2.05	3.15	74.0
PSh55-4932	bottom grab	0.0300	0.020	0.040	Crumbling greenish gray pelitic silt with hydrotroilite films	5.24	0.42	2.89	0.50	1.40	1.09	399.00	2.09	2.41	73.9
PSh55-4932	bottom grab	0.0500	0.040	0.060		4.80	1.50	1.03	0.80	1.70	1.02	434.00	1.79	2.41	70.6
PSh55-4932	bottom grab	0.0700	0.060	0.080	Denser pelitic silt rich in hydrotroilite	4.98	0.94	0.66	1.10	1.90	0.60	416.00	1.61	3.41	71.4
PSh55-4932	bottom grab	0.1000	0.080	0.120		4.75	1.82	0.27	1.10	2.00	0.53	325.00	1.60	2.25	68.4
PSh55-4932	Niemisto corer	0.1350	0.110	0.160	Gray homogeneous pelitic silt	4.82	1.55	0.34	1.50	2.50	0.50	285.00			67.7
PSh55-4932	Niemisto corer	0.2350	0.210	0.260	with numerous hydrotroilite inclusions, becoming denser	5.28	1.84	0.27	1.60	2.20	0.35	276.00	1.45	1.91	70.7
PSh55-4932	Niemisto corer	0.3350	0.310	0.360	with depth	5.43	1.84	0.27		1.80	0.40	266.00	1.50	3.25	69.7
PSh55-4932	Niemisto corer	0.4350	0.410	0.460	Gray clay with dark sulfides	5.45	1.06	0.21	0.80	1.50	0.62	278.00	1.60	1.82	46.5
PSh55-4933	bottom grab	0.0100	0.000	0.020	Brown silt	4.96		1.91	<0.10	0.60	2.53	222.00	1.97	3.16	77.6
PSh55-4933	bottom grab	0.0300	0.020	0.040	Greenish gray pelitic silt with brown material from the overlying layer and Polychaeta tubes	5.21		1.79	<0.10	0.70	1.69	481.00	1.85	3.82	75.2
PSh55-4933	bottom grab	0.0500	0.040	0.060		4.72	0.07	2.17	<0.10	0.40	1.54	530.00	1.90	4.98	75.7
PSh55-4933	bottom grab	0.0800	0.060	0.100		4.78	0.24	1.45	0.10	1.10	0.90	558.00	1.86	4.89	67.1
PSh55-4933	bottom grab	0.1250	0.100	0.150		5.27	1.14	0.27	0.40	2.90	0.42	551.00	1.68	4.07	68.8
PSh55-4933	bottom grab	0.1750	0.150	0.200		5.27	1.51	0.37	1.10	1.90	0.43	533.00	1.62	3.73	70.9
PSh55-4933	Niemisto corer	0.1450	0.120	0.170	Greenish gray pelite with hydrotroilite films, grades into pelitic silt with rare hydrotroilite films at a depth of 310 m	5.15	1.49	0.34	1.10	2.10	0.67	530.00	1.53	3.82	72.1
PSh55-4933	Niemisto corer	0.2450	0.220	0.270		5.03	1.07	0.20	0.80	2.40	0.41	523.00	1.56	2.66	59.7
PSh55-4933	Niemisto corer	0.3450	0.320	0.370		5.52	1.78	0.23	1.20	2.50		532.00	1.56	3.07	72.7
PSh55-4933	Niemisto corer	0.4450	0.420	0.470		4.90	1.78	0.26	1.80	2.60	0.43	536.00	1.51	2.57	72.6
PSh55-4933	Niemisto corer	0.4950	0.470	0.520		5.21	1.96	0.27	1.40	1.90	0.61	524.00	1.38	3.32	73.1
PSh55-4933	large-diameter corer	0.8250	0.700	0.950		4.66	1.82	0.41	1.40	2.00	0.62	530.00	1.61	3.23	72.3
PSh55-4933	large-diameter corer	1.2750	1.200	1.350		5.09	1.66	0.14	2.60	3.00	1.04	526.00	1.84	3.00	72.1
PSh55-4933	large-diameter corer	1.7750	1.700	1.850		5.76	2.02	0.17	2.50	3.60	0.91	515.00	1.83	2.25	71.4
PSh55-4933	large-diameter corer	2.4750	2.400	2.550		5.33	1.74	0.15	2.20	2.80	0.87	458.00	1.71	2.75	68.5
PSh55-4933	large-diameter corer	3.0750	3.000	3.150		5.46	1.29	0.08	1.60	2.20	0.32	407.00	1.49	2.75	58.8
PSh55-4933	large-diameter corer	3.4750	3.400	3.550		5.64	1.68	0.11		1.70	0.21	292.00	1.54	2.41	63.6
PSh55-4934	bottom grab	0.0100	0.000	0.020	Dark brown silt, pelitic silt; same of pale brown color	5.01		2.37	<0.10	0.90	1.83	203.00	2.18	4.56	78.3
PSh55-4934	bottom grab	0.0350	0.020	0.050		5.20	0.07	2.25		0.90	1.29	506.00	2.05	3.81	76.9
PSh55-4934	large-diameter corer	0.1500	0.100	0.200	Greenish gray homogeneous plastic pelitic silt without inclusions	5.30	1.57	0.49	0.70	1.60	0.52	428.00	1.72	3.81	75.6
PSh55-4934	large-diameter corer	0.4500	0.400	0.500		5.15	1.69	0.42	1.80	2.30	0.41	510.00	1.60	3.56
PSh55-4934	large-diameter corer	1.0500	1.000	1.100		5.09	2.11	0.12	1.20	2.50	0.63	476.00	1.70	3.75	73.5
PSh55-4934	large-diameter corer	2.0500	2.000	2.100		5.32	1.80	0.10	1.20	2.20	0.70	472.00	1.45	2.32	67.7
PSh55-4934	large-diameter corer	3.0500	3.000	3.100		5.42	1.68		1.00	3.00	0.25	458.00	1.34	3.16	64.7
PSh55-4934	large-diameter corer	3.8500	3.800	3.900		5.50	1.70	0.20		1.50	0.15	273.00	1.27	3.90	62.7
PSh55-4937	bottom grab	0.0050	0.000	0.010	Rust-brown silt	5.24	0.32	1.99		0.47	0.16	108.00	1.27	3.11	73.9
PSh55-4937	bottom grab	0.0200	0.010	0.030	Greenish gray pelitic silt with black films	4.76	1.03	0.24		4.31	0.06	120.00	1.75	4.15	65.3
PSh55-4937	bottom grab	0.0400	0.030	0.050		4.22	1.07	0.24		2.70	0.05	113.00	1.42	2.57	66.7
PSh55-4937	bottom grab	0.0750	0.050	0.100		4.41	1.09	0.23		2.61	0.04	98.50			66.7
PSh55-4937	bottom grab	0.1500	0.100	0.200		4.37	1.08	0.14		2.08	0.07	117.00	1.42	1.91	66.1