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Nicolaus, Marcel; Katlein, Christian; Maslanik, James A; Hendricks, Stefan (2012): Solar radiation over and under sea ice during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc) in summer 2011 [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786717, Supplement to: Nicolaus, M et al. (2012): Changes in Arctic sea ice result in increasing light transmittance and absorption. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(24), L24501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053738

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Published: 2012-07-31 • DOI registered: 2012-08-30

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Abstract:
Arctic sea ice has declined and become thinner and younger (more seasonal) during the last decade. One consequence of this is that the surface energy budget of the Arctic Ocean is changing. While the role of surface albedo has been studied intensively, it is still widely unknown how much light penetrates through sea ice into the upper ocean, affecting sea-ice mass balance, ecosystems, and geochemical processes. Here we present the first large-scale under-ice light measurements, operating spectral radiometers on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) under Arctic sea ice in summer. This data set is used to produce an Arctic-wide map of light distribution under summer sea ice. Our results show that transmittance through first-year ice (FYI, 0.11) was almost three times larger than through multi-year ice (MYI, 0.04), and that this is mostly caused by the larger melt-pond coverage of FYI (42 vs. 23%). Also energy absorption was 50% larger in FYI than in MYI. Thus, a continuation of the observed sea-ice changes will increase the amount of light penetrating into the Arctic Ocean, enhancing sea-ice melt and affecting sea-ice and upper-ocean ecosystems.
Related to:
Nicolaus, Marcel; Arndt, Stefanie; Katlein, Christian; Maslanik, James A; Hendricks, Stefan (2013): Correction to “Changes in Arctic sea ice result in increasing light transmittance and absorption”. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(11), 2699-2700, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50523
Project(s):
Sea Ice Physics @ AWI (AWI_SeaIce)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 84.698882 * Median Longitude: 138.165855 * South-bound Latitude: 53.563960 * West-bound Longitude: 8.548130 * North-bound Latitude: 89.983000 * East-bound Longitude: -38.600000
Date/Time Start: 2011-08-09T06:30:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-09-19T19:00:00
Comment:
Measurements of solar radiation over and under sea ice have been performed on various stations in the Arctic Ocean during the Polarstern cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc) between 11 August and 16 September 2011. All radiation measurements have been performed with Ramses spectral radiometers (Trios, Rastede, Germany). All data are given in full spectral resolution interpolated to 1.0 nm, integrated over the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400-700 nm), and integrated over the entire wavelength range (broadband, total: 320 to 950 nm). Two sensors were mounted on a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) and one radiometer was installed on the sea ice for surface reference measurements (solar irradiance). On the ROV, one irradiance sensor (cos-collector) for energy budget calculations and one radiance sensor (7° opening angle) to obtain high resolution spatial variability were installed. Along with the radiation measurements, sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, surface scattering layer depth, and other geometric parameters were recorded. All times are given in UTC.
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
54 datasets

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Datasets listed in this publication series

  1. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea ice conditions during the POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc) in 2011. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.803312
  2. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Modeled light transmission through sea ice into the Arctic Ocean for August 2011, links to NetCFD files. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.804291
  3. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/209-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786849
  4. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/209-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786773
  5. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at sea ice station PS78/209-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786858
  6. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/209-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786806
  7. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/209-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786866
  8. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/209-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786650
  9. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/212-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786850
  10. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/212-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786776
  11. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at sea ice station PS78/212-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786859
  12. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/212-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786807
  13. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/212-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786867
  14. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/212-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786665
  15. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/218-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786777
  16. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/218-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786808
  17. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/218-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786868
  18. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/218-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786666
  19. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/230-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786851
  20. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/230-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786778
  21. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at sea ice station PS78/230-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786860
  22. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/230-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786809
  23. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/230-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786869
  24. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/230-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786667
  25. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/235-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786852
  26. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/235-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786779
  27. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at sea ice station PS78/235-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786861
  28. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/235-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786810
  29. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/235-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786870
  30. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/235-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786668
  31. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/239-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786854
  32. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/239-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786780
  33. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at sea ice station PS78/239-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786862
  34. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/239-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786811
  35. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/239-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786871
  36. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/239-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786718
  37. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/245-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786855
  38. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/245-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786781
  39. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at sea ice station PS78/245-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786863
  40. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/245-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786814
  41. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/245-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786872
  42. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/245-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786719
  43. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/250-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786856
  44. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/250-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786782
  45. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at sea ice station PS78/250-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786864
  46. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/250-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786818
  47. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/250-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786873
  48. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/250-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786671
  49. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar irradiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted irradiance) at sea ice station PS78/267-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786857
  50. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Downward spectral solar radiance as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmitted radiance) at sea ice station PS78/267-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786783
  51. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar irradiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transmittance) at sea ice station PS78/267-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786865
  52. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Fraction of spectral solar radiance transmitted through snow and sea ice as measured in different depths under sea ice (transflectance) at sea ice station PS78/267-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786820
  53. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Sea-ice thickness, snow depth, freeboard, scattering layer thickness, and sea-ice type at sea ice station PS78/267-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786874
  54. Nicolaus, M; Katlein, C; Maslanik, JA et al. (2012): Incident spectral solar irradiance measured above sea ice at sea ice station PS78/267-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.786672