Citation:

j.1365-2486.2003.00678.x

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification rate during experiments with coral Stylophora pistillata, 2003
Published: 2003
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Single species; Stylophora pistillata; Temperature

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Abstract:

We show here that CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and temperature significantly interact on coral physiology. The effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on photosynthesis, respiration and calcification rates were investigated in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Cuttings were exposed to temperatures of 25°C or 28°C and to pCO2 values of ca. 460 or 760 muatm for 5 weeks. The contents of chlorophyll c2 and protein remained constant throughout the experiment, while the chlorophyll a content was significantly affected by temperature, and was higher under the 'high-temperature-high-pCO2' condition. The cell-specific density was higher at 'high pCO2' than at 'normal pCO2' (1.7 vs. 1.4). The net photosynthesis normalized per unit protein was affected by both temperature and pCO2, whereas respiration was not affected by the treatments. Calcification decreased by 50% when temperature and pCO2 were both elevated. Calcification under normal temperature did not change in response to an increased pCO2. This is not in agreement with numerous published papers that describe a negative relationship between marine calcification and CO2. The confounding effect of temperature has the potential to explain a large portion of the variability of the relationship between calcification and pCO2 reported in the literature, and warrants a re-evaluation of the projected decrease of marine calcification by the year 2100.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Single species; Stylophora pistillata; Temperature

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Coverage:

Date/Time Start: 1999-02-10T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1999-03-10T00:00:00

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Reynaud, Stéphanie
2	DATE/TIME	Date/Time				Geocode
3	Calcification rate	Calc rate	%/day	Reynaud, Stéphanie	Estimated by regressing O2 against time
4	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
5	Salinity	Sal		Reynaud, Stéphanie
6	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Reynaud, Stéphanie	PAR sensor LI-1000, LI-COR Inc.
7	pH	pH		Reynaud, Stéphanie	PAR sensor LI-1000, LI-COR Inc.	Seawater scale
8	pH	pH		Reynaud, Stéphanie	Estimated	Total scale
9	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
10	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
11	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
12	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
13	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
15	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Reynaud, Stéphanie	Measured
16	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1600 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 ID	2 Date/Time	3 Calc rate [%/day] (Estimated by regressing O2 ag...)	4 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	5 Sal	6 Temp [°C] (PAR sensor LI-1000, LI-COR Inc.)	7 pH (Seawater scale, PAR sensor LI...)	8 pH (Total scale, Estimated)	9 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	10 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	11 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	12 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	13 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	14 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	15 AT [µmol/kg] (Measured)	16 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
AQ1-1	1999-02-10	0.52	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-2	1999-02-10	0.48	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-3	1999-02-10	0.46	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-4	1999-02-10	0.48	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-5	1999-02-10	0.48	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-1	1999-02-17	0.27	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-2	1999-02-17	0.38	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-3	1999-02-17	0.45	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-4	1999-02-17	0.33	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-5	1999-02-17	0.42	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-1	1999-02-24	0.38	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-2	1999-02-24	0.31	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-3	1999-02-24	0.47	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-4	1999-02-24	0.54	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-5	1999-02-24	0.41	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-1	1999-03-03	0.20	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-2	1999-03-03	0.36	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-3	1999-03-03	0.51	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-4	1999-03-03	0.19	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-5	1999-03-03	0.37	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-1	1999-03-10	0.38	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-2	1999-03-10	0.43	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-3	1999-03-10	0.36	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-4	1999-03-10	0.52	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ1-5	1999-03-10	0.47	15	38	25.3	8.04	8.06	11.73	424.17	422.84	1965.06	263.21	2240	2604	4.09	6.18
AQ2-6	1999-02-10	0.56	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-7	1999-02-10	0.58	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-8	1999-02-10	0.67	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-9	1999-02-10	0.42	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-10	1999-02-10	0.55	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-6	1999-02-17	0.30	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-7	1999-02-17	0.64	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-8	1999-02-17	0.48	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-9	1999-02-17	0.30	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-10	1999-02-17	0.22	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-6	1999-02-24	0.36	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-7	1999-02-24	0.58	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-8	1999-02-24	0.55	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-9	1999-02-24	0.56	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-10	1999-02-24	0.31	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-6	1999-03-03	0.35	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-7	1999-03-03	0.50	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-8	1999-03-03	0.52	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-9	1999-03-03	0.50	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-10	1999-03-03	0.34	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-6	1999-03-10	0.38	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-7	1999-03-10	0.52	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-8	1999-03-10	0.45	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-9	1999-03-10	0.44	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ2-10	1999-03-10	0.30	15	38	28.2	8.02	8.04	11.31	438.85	437.52	1931.20	277.49	2220	2604	4.37	6.54
AQ3-11	1999-02-10	0.44	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-12	1999-02-10	0.86	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-13	1999-02-10	0.66	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-14	1999-02-10	0.61	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-15	1999-02-10	0.48	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-11	1999-02-17	0.30	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-12	1999-02-17	0.64	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-13	1999-02-17	0.48	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-14	1999-02-17	0.30	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-15	1999-02-17	0.22	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-11	1999-02-24	0.36	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-12	1999-02-24	0.58	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-13	1999-02-24	0.55	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-14	1999-02-24	0.56	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-15	1999-02-24	0.31	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-11	1999-03-03	0.35	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-12	1999-03-03	0.50	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-13	1999-03-03	0.52	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-14	1999-03-03	0.50	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-15	1999-03-03	0.34	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-11	1999-03-10	0.38	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-12	1999-03-10	0.52	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-13	1999-03-10	0.45	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-14	1999-03-10	0.44	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ3-15	1999-03-10	0.30	15	38	25.1	7.86	7.87	19.95	717.62	715.36	2154.59	185.46	2360	2604	2.88	4.35
AQ4-16	1999-02-10	0.72	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-17	1999-02-10	0.29	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-18	1999-02-10	0.52	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-19	1999-02-10	0.43	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-20	1999-02-10	0.49	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-16	1999-02-17	0.48	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-17	1999-02-17	0.16	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-18	1999-02-17	0.32	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-19	1999-02-17	0.29	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-20	1999-02-17	0.23	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-16	1999-02-24	0.38	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-17	1999-02-24	0.16	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-18	1999-02-24	0.26	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-19	1999-02-24	0.27	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-20	1999-02-24	0.15	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-16	1999-03-03	0.49	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-17	1999-03-03	0.16	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-18	1999-03-03	0.36	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-19	1999-03-03	0.31	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-20	1999-03-03	0.24	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-16	1999-03-10	0.27	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-17	1999-03-10	0.20	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-18	1999-03-10	0.26	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-19	1999-03-10	0.27	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55
AQ4-20	1999-03-10	0.21	15	38	28.3	7.83	7.84	19.93	775.05	772.71	2136.89	193.17	2350	2604	3.04	4.55