Citation:

j.1365-2486.2011.02583.x

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification rate of cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa during experiments, 2011
Published: 2012-03-29
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Deep-sea; Laboratory experiment; Lophelia pertusa; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Ocean acidity has increased by 30% since preindustrial times due to the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 and is projected to rise by another 120% before 2100 if CO2 emissions continue at current rates. Ocean acidification is expected to have wide-ranging impacts on marine life, including reduced growth and net erosion of coral reefs. Our present understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine life, however, relies heavily on results from short-term CO2 perturbation studies. Here we present results from the first long-term CO2 perturbation study on the dominant reef-building cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa and relate them to results from a short-term study to compare the effect of exposure time on the coral's responses. Short-term (one week) high CO2 exposure resulted in a decline of calcification by 26-29% for a pH decrease of 0.1 units and net dissolution of calcium carbonate. In contrast, L. pertusa was capable to acclimate to acidified conditions in long-term (six months) incubations, leading to even slightly enhanced rates of calcification. Net growth is sustained even in waters sub-saturated with respect to aragonite. Acclimation to seawater acidification did not cause a measurable increase in metabolic rates. This is the first evidence of successful acclimation in a coral species to ocean acidification, emphasizing the general need for long-term incubations in ocean acidification research. To conclude on the sensitivity of cold-water coral reefs to future ocean acidification further ecophysiological studies are necessary which should also encompass the role of food availability and rising temperatures.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Deep-sea; Laboratory experiment; Lophelia pertusa; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate

Project(s):

Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID)

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Form, Armin
2	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Form, Armin	Potentiometric open-cell titration
3	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Form, Armin	Automated segmented-flow analyzer (Quaatro)
4	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate per polyp	Calc rate CaCO3/polyp	µg/day	Form, Armin	Buoyant weighing technique according to Davies (1989)
5	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
6	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
7	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
8	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
9	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
10	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
11	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
12	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
13	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Form, Armin	Calculated using CO2SYS
15	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Form, Armin
16	Salinity	Sal		Form, Armin	Conductivity meter (WTW, Weilheim, Gemany)
17	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Form, Armin
18	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Form, Armin	Conductivity meter (WTW, Weilheim, Gemany)
19	Temperature, standard deviation	T std dev	±	Form, Armin
20	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Form, Armin
21	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Form, Armin
22	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Form, Armin	Calculated using CO2SYS
23	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Form, Armin	Calculated using CO2SYS
24	Calcification rate	Calc rate	%/day	Form, Armin	see reference(s)
25	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Form, Armin
27	pH	pH		Form, Armin	Conductivity meter (WTW, Weilheim, Gemany)
28	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Form, Armin
29	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Form, Armin

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

787 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Exp treat	2 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric open-cell titr...)	3 DIC [µmol/kg] (Automated segmented-flow anal...)	4 Calc rate CaCO3/polyp [µg/day] (Buoyant weighing technique ac...)	5 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	6 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	7 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	8 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	9 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	10 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	11 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	12 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	13 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	14 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	15 pCO2 std dev [±]	16 Sal (Conductivity meter (WTW, Weil...)	17 Sal std dev [±]	18 Temp [°C] (Conductivity meter (WTW, Weil...)	19 T std dev [±]	20 AT std dev [±]	21 DIC std dev [±]	22 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	23 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	24 Calc rate [%/day] (see reference(s))	25 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 [HCO3]- std dev [±]	27 pH (Conductivity meter (WTW, Weil...)	28 pH std dev [±]	29 Omega Arg std dev [±]
Long_term_treatment-1	2298.5	2185.8	35.69	7.89	28.37	594.88	592.55	2078.10	88.03	2194.50	1.33	2.10	604	105	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	73.0	82.6	2067.4	1.37	0.009	26	83.8	7.94	0.06	0.156
Long_term_treatment-1	2298.5	2185.8	71.06	7.89	28.37	594.88	592.55	2078.10	88.03	2194.50	1.33	2.10	604	105	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	73.0	82.6	2067.4	1.37	0.005	26	83.8	7.94	0.06	0.156
Long_term_treatment-1	2298.5	2185.8	105.79	7.89	28.37	594.88	592.55	2078.10	88.03	2194.50	1.33	2.10	604	105	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	73.0	82.6	2067.4	1.37	0.010	26	83.8	7.94	0.06	0.156
Long_term_treatment-1	2298.5	2185.8	89.85	7.89	28.37	594.88	592.55	2078.10	88.03	2194.50	1.33	2.10	604	105	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	73.0	82.6	2067.4	1.37	0.013	26	83.8	7.94	0.06	0.156
Long_term_treatment-1	2298.5	2185.8	68.18	7.89	28.37	594.88	592.55	2078.10	88.03	2194.50	1.33	2.10	604	105	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	73.0	82.6	2067.4	1.37	0.006	26	83.8	7.94	0.06	0.156
Long_term_treatment-2	2232.4	2161.1	145.51	7.77	36.72	769.90	766.88	2063.42	67.06	2167.20	1.01	1.60	778	112	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	61.4	71.2	2056.3	1.04	0.012	26	70.8	7.83	0.05	0.090
Long_term_treatment-2	2232.4	2161.1	37.48	7.77	36.72	769.90	766.88	2063.42	67.06	2167.20	1.01	1.60	778	112	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	61.4	71.2	2056.3	1.04	0.004	26	70.8	7.83	0.05	0.090
Long_term_treatment-2	2232.4	2161.1	78.68	7.77	36.72	769.90	766.88	2063.42	67.06	2167.20	1.01	1.60	778	112	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	61.4	71.2	2056.3	1.04	0.012	26	70.8	7.83	0.05	0.090
Long_term_treatment-2	2232.4	2161.1	34.72	7.77	36.72	769.90	766.88	2063.42	67.06	2167.20	1.01	1.60	778	112	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	61.4	71.2	2056.3	1.04	0.008	26	70.8	7.83	0.05	0.090
Long_term_treatment-2	2232.4	2161.1	276.63	7.77	36.72	769.90	766.88	2063.42	67.06	2167.20	1.01	1.60	778	112	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	61.4	71.2	2056.3	1.04	0.021	26	70.8	7.83	0.05	0.090
Long_term_treatment-3	2349.9	2300.1	54.49	7.70	46.39	972.74	968.92	2199.50	60.31	2306.20	0.91	1.44	982	146	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	79.5	89.2	2192.3	0.93	0.006	26	87.0	7.76	0.06	0.097
Long_term_treatment-3	2349.9	2300.1	361.83	7.70	46.39	972.74	968.92	2199.50	60.31	2306.20	0.91	1.44	982	146	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	79.5	89.2	2192.3	0.93	0.037	26	87.0	7.76	0.06	0.097
Long_term_treatment-3	2349.9	2300.1	180.68	7.70	46.39	972.74	968.92	2199.50	60.31	2306.20	0.91	1.44	982	146	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	79.5	89.2	2192.3	0.93	0.027	26	87.0	7.76	0.06	0.097
Long_term_treatment-3	2349.9	2300.1	170.05	7.70	46.39	972.74	968.92	2199.50	60.31	2306.20	0.91	1.44	982	146	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	79.5	89.2	2192.3	0.93	0.016	26	87.0	7.76	0.06	0.097
Long_term_treatment-3	2349.9	2300.1	23.42	7.70	46.39	972.74	968.92	2199.50	60.31	2306.20	0.91	1.44	982	146	34.5	0.5	7.5	0.1	79.5	89.2	2192.3	0.93	0.008	26	87.0	7.76	0.06	0.097
Short_term_treatment-1	2396.4	2239.6	79.84	8.01	21.04	461.27	459.50	2097.24	121.32	2239.60	1.85	2.92	468		33.4		9.0	0.1			2097.0	1.84	0.012	15		8.06
Short_term_treatment-1	2338.5	2202.7	45.89	7.96	23.17	507.93	505.97	2072.00	107.54	2202.70	1.64	2.59	511		33.4		9.0	0.1			2071.7	1.64	0.005	15		8.02
Short_term_treatment-1	2384.6	2244.6	27.49	7.97	23.25	509.71	507.75	2110.20	111.15	2244.60	1.69	2.67	512		33.4		9.0	0.1			2109.9	1.70	0.005	15		8.03
Short_term_treatment-1	2450.9	2312.3	76.17	7.96	24.52	537.55	535.48	2175.74	112.04	2312.30	1.71	2.69	546		33.4		9.0	0.1			2175.6	1.70	0.005	15		8.01
Short_term_treatment-2	2417.1	2290.4	-0.76	7.93	25.95	568.85	566.66	2160.09	104.36	2290.40	1.59	2.51	571		33.4		9.0	0.1			2159.9	1.60	-0.000	15		7.99
Short_term_treatment-2	2395.7	2279.5	28.67	7.90	27.49	602.76	600.44	2154.07	97.94	2279.50	1.49	2.35	603		33.4		9.0	0.1			2153.8	1.50	0.006	15		7.96
Short_term_treatment-2	2388.3	2275.5	4.03	7.90	28.02	614.31	611.94	2151.60	95.88	2275.50	1.46	2.30	615		33.4		9.0	0.1			2151.4	1.47	0.000	15		7.96
Short_term_treatment-2	2309.1	2206.7	2.64	7.87	28.71	629.43	627.01	2089.72	88.27	2206.70	1.34	2.12	632		33.4		9.0	0.1			2089.5	1.35	0.001	15		7.93
Short_term_treatment-3	2272.2	2190.7	26.91	7.81	32.84	720.04	717.27	2081.32	76.54	2190.70	1.17	1.84	729		33.4		9.0	0.1			2081.1	1.17	0.005	15		7.87
Short_term_treatment-3	2425.0	2339.3	-9.09	7.82	34.78	762.47	759.54	2222.13	82.39	2339.30	1.25	1.98	777		33.4		9.0	0.1			2221.6	1.26	-0.001	15		7.87
Short_term_treatment-3	2392.8	2317.3	-4.07	7.79	36.85	807.91	804.80	2203.96	76.49	2317.30	1.16	1.84	824		33.4		9.0	0.1			2203.5	1.16	-0.000	15		7.84
Short_term_treatment-4	2437.6	2379.1	-8.57	7.73	42.93	941.20	937.57	2266.72	69.45	2379.10	1.06	1.67	949		33.4		9.0	0.1			2266.5	1.06	-0.000	15		7.79
Short_term_treatment-4	2358.6	2306.4	4.23	7.72	43.33	950.04	946.39	2198.35	64.72	2306.40	0.99	1.56	959		33.4		9.0	0.1			2198.0	0.99	0.001	15		7.77
Short_term_treatment-4	2409.7	2356.2	-4.88	7.72	44.00	964.66	960.95	2245.69	66.51	2356.20	1.01	1.60	978		33.4		9.0	0.1			2245.3	1.02	-0.000	15		7.77
Short_term_treatment-4	2361.4	2319.3	22.86	7.68	47.01	1030.78	1026.81	2211.90	60.39	2319.30	0.92	1.45	1039		33.4		9.0	0.1			2211.8	0.92	0.005	15		7.74
Short_term_treatment-3	2473.0	2429.0	-15.01	7.69	48.79	1069.70	1065.58	2316.39	63.82	2429.00	0.97	1.53	1092		33.4		9.0	0.1			2315.6	0.97	-0.001	15		7.74