Citation:

nclimate1352

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and fish Amphiprion percula behaviour during experiments, 2012
Published: 2012-03-12
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Amphiprion percula; Animalia; Behaviour; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Nekton; Pelagos; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate

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Abstract:

Predicted future CO2 levels have been found to alter sensory responses and behaviour of marine fishes. Changes include increased boldness and activity, loss of behavioural lateralization, altered auditory preferences and impaired olfactory function. Impaired olfactory function makes larval fish attracted to odours they normally avoid, including ones from predators and unfavourable habitats. These behavioural alterations have significant effects on mortality that may have far-reaching implications for population replenishment, community structure and ecosystem function. However, the underlying mechanism linking high CO2 to these diverse responses has been unknown. Here we show that abnormal olfactory preferences and loss of behavioural lateralization exhibited by two species of larval coral reef fish exposed to high CO2 can be rapidly and effectively reversed by treatment with an antagonist of the GABA-A receptor. GABA-A is a major neurotransmitter receptor in the vertebrate brain. Thus, our results indicate that high CO2 interferes with neurotransmitter function, a hitherto unrecognized threat to marine populations and ecosystems. Given the ubiquity and conserved function of GABA-A receptors, we predict that rising CO2 levels could cause sensory and behavioural impairment in a wide range of marine species, especially those that tightly control their acid-base balance through regulatory changes in HCO3 and Cl levels.

Keyword(s):

Amphiprion percula; Animalia; Behaviour; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Nekton; Pelagos; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Comment	Comment		Nilsson, Göran E
2	Identification	ID		Nilsson, Göran E
3	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Nilsson, Göran E
4	Proportion of time in predator cue	Time	%	Nilsson, Göran E	see reference(s)
5	Proportion of time in predator cue, standard error	Time std err	±	Nilsson, Göran E
6	Neopomacentrus azysron, absolute lateralization index	N. azysron lat	%	Nilsson, Göran E	see reference(s)
7	Neopomacentrus azysron, absolute lateralization index, standard error of mean	N. azysron lat std err	±	Nilsson, Göran E
8	Replicates	Repl	#	Nilsson, Göran E
9	Identification	ID		Nilsson, Göran E
10	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Nilsson, Göran E
11	pH	pH		Nilsson, Göran E	Measured	NBS scale
12	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Nilsson, Göran E
13	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Nilsson, Göran E
14	Salinity	Sal		Nilsson, Göran E
15	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Nilsson, Göran E	Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950)
16	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Nilsson, Göran E
17	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nilsson, Göran E	Calculated using CO2SYS
18	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Nilsson, Göran E
19	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
21	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

600 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Comment	2 ID	3 Exp treat	4 Time [%] (see reference(s))	5 Time std err [±]	6 N. azysron lat [%] (see reference(s))	7 N. azysron lat std err [±]	8 Repl [#]	9 ID	10 Exp treat	11 pH (NBS scale, Measured)	12 pH std dev [±]	13 Temp [°C]	14 Sal	15 AT [µmol/kg] (Alkalinity, Gran titration (G...)	16 AT std dev [±]	17 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	18 pCO2 std dev [±]	19 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 pH (Total scale, Calculated using...)	21 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Run 1	Predator vs Seawater	Control	1.488	0.554				Clownfish: Olfaction	Control	8.09	0.04	28.7	37	2020	49	452	34	26	7.95	11.47	447.98	446.63	1565.95	178.88	1756.30	2.85	4.26
Run 1	Predator vs Seawater	Control + Gabazine	1.339	0.517				Clownfish: Olfaction	Control	8.09	0.04	28.7	37	2020	49	452	34	26	7.95	11.47	447.98	446.63	1565.95	178.88	1756.30	2.85	4.26
Run 1	Predator vs Seawater	CO2	91.406	1.022				Clownfish: Olfaction	High CO2	7.81	0.01	28.7	37	2025	20	945	25	26	7.67	24.55	958.86	955.97	1758.73	105.41	1888.70	1.68	2.51
Run 1	Predator vs Seawater	CO2 + Gabazine	91.789	1.257				Clownfish: Olfaction	High CO2	7.81	0.01	28.7	37	2025	20	945	25	26	7.67	24.55	958.86	955.97	1758.73	105.41	1888.70	1.68	2.51
Run 2	Predator vs Seawater	Control	1.042	0.423				Clownfish: Olfaction	Control	8.09	0.04	28.7	37	2020	49	452	34	26	7.95	11.47	447.98	446.63	1565.95	178.88	1756.30	2.85	4.26
Run 2	Predator vs Seawater	Control + Gabazine	1.190	0.421				Clownfish: Olfaction	Control	8.09	0.04	28.7	37	2020	49	452	34	26	7.95	11.47	447.98	446.63	1565.95	178.88	1756.30	2.85	4.26
Run 2	Predator vs Seawater	CO2	91.406	1.090				Clownfish: Olfaction	High CO2	7.81	0.01	28.7	37	2025	20	945	25	26	7.67	24.55	958.86	955.97	1758.73	105.41	1888.70	1.68	2.51
Run 2	Predator vs Seawater	CO2 + Gabazine	11.275	1.225				Clownfish: Olfaction	High CO2	7.81	0.01	28.7	37	2025	20	945	25	26	7.67	24.55	958.86	955.97	1758.73	105.41	1888.70	1.68	2.51
Run 1	Predator vs Non-predator	Control	7.176	1.208				Clownfish: Olfaction	Control	8.09	0.04	28.7	37	2020	49	452	34	26	7.95	11.47	447.98	446.63	1565.95	178.88	1756.30	2.85	4.26
Run 1	Predator vs Non-predator	Control + Gabazine	6.250	1.114				Clownfish: Olfaction	Control	8.09	0.04	28.7	37	2020	49	452	34	26	7.95	11.47	447.98	446.63	1565.95	178.88	1756.30	2.85	4.26
Run 1	Predator vs Non-predator	CO2	53.869	1.632				Clownfish: Olfaction	High CO2	7.81	0.01	28.7	37	2025	20	945	25	26	7.67	24.55	958.86	955.97	1758.73	105.41	1888.70	1.68	2.51
Run 1	Predator vs Non-predator	CO2 + Gabazine	52.827	1.105				Clownfish: Olfaction	High CO2	7.81	0.01	28.7	37	2025	20	945	25	26	7.67	24.55	958.86	955.97	1758.73	105.41	1888.70	1.68	2.51
Run 2	Predator vs Non-predator	Control	7.870	1.693				Clownfish: Olfaction	Control	8.09	0.04	28.7	37	2020	49	452	34	26	7.95	11.47	447.98	446.63	1565.95	178.88	1756.30	2.85	4.26
Run 2	Predator vs Non-predator	Control + Gabazine	8.333	1.525				Clownfish: Olfaction	Control	8.09	0.04	28.7	37	2020	49	452	34	26	7.95	11.47	447.98	446.63	1565.95	178.88	1756.30	2.85	4.26
Run 2	Predator vs Non-predator	CO2	52.381	1.044				Clownfish: Olfaction	High CO2	7.81	0.01	28.7	37	2025	20	945	25	26	7.67	24.55	958.86	955.97	1758.73	105.41	1888.70	1.68	2.51
Run 2	Predator vs Non-predator	CO2 + Gabazine	16.071	1.959				Clownfish: Olfaction	High CO2	7.81	0.01	28.7	37	2025	20	945	25	26	7.67	24.55	958.86	955.97	1758.73	105.41	1888.70	1.68	2.51
Run 1		Control			49.33	8.48	15	Damselfish: Lateralization	Control	8.15	0.04	27.7	35	2269	15	440	44	26	8.01	11.50	434.32	433.00	1747.69	211.81	1971.00	3.40	5.12
Run 1		Control + Gabazine			53.33	10.27	15	Damselfish: Lateralization	Control	8.15	0.04	27.7	35	2269	15	440	44	26	8.01	11.50	434.32	433.00	1747.69	211.81	1971.00	3.40	5.12
Run 1		CO2			26.67	5.40	15	Damselfish: Lateralization	High CO2	7.89	0.06	27.7	35	2261	15	880	140	26	7.75	23.27	878.43	875.76	1943.08	129.45	2095.80	2.08	3.13
Run 1		CO2 + Gabazine			20.00	4.36	15	Damselfish: Lateralization	High CO2	7.89	0.06	27.7	35	2261	15	880	140	26	7.75	23.27	878.43	875.76	1943.08	129.45	2095.80	2.08	3.13
Run 2		Control			38.67	7.92	15	Damselfish: Lateralization	Control	8.15	0.04	27.7	35	2269	15	440	44	26	8.01	11.50	434.32	433.00	1747.69	211.81	1971.00	3.40	5.12
Run 2		Control + Gabazine			40.00	7.04	15	Damselfish: Lateralization	Control	8.15	0.04	27.7	35	2269	15	440	44	26	8.01	11.50	434.32	433.00	1747.69	211.81	1971.00	3.40	5.12
Run 2		CO2			29.33	6.13	15	Damselfish: Lateralization	High CO2	7.89	0.06	27.7	35	2261	15	880	140	26	7.75	23.27	878.43	875.76	1943.08	129.45	2095.80	2.08	3.13
Run 2		CO2 + Gabazine			57.33	7.27	15	Damselfish: Lateralization	High CO2	7.89	0.06	27.7	35	2261	15	880	140	26	7.75	23.27	878.43	875.76	1943.08	129.45	2095.80	2.08	3.13