Citation:

epic.38456.d001

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was: (1) To make an attempt at finding a stratification of the snowpack in order to help remove ambiguities in dating the snowlayers by standard methods. (2) To verify the depth at which the transition between firn and ice occurs.

Clearly the first goal was missed, the structural information in a temperate firn being strongly smoothed out in time. Interesting details like horizontal ice lenses and layers of "cold snow" however, were revealed. In spite of strong variations of density, gravimetric density PG and ice density PI, computed from point density, are identical for the firn pack between Z = 2.0 m and 6.0 m. p(ice) = 0.522 ± 0.034 x 10**3 kg/m**3. The ice density of 0.8 x 10**3 kg/m**3, the assumed transition between firn and ice, was found to occur at a depth of Z= 19 m. Even at this level, rather important variations in density may be localized. Between Z= 19 m and 21 m, the ice density varies from 0.774 x 10**3 to 0.860 x 10**3 kg/m**3.

Coverage:

Latitude: 46.866660 * Longitude: 10.816660

Date/Time Start: 1982-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1982-01-01T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, ice/snow: 2.35 m * Maximum DEPTH, ice/snow: 6.26 m

Event(s):

Vernagtferner_I-VI * Latitude: 46.866660 * Longitude: 10.816660 * Date/Time: 1982-01-01T00:00:00 * Recovery: 80 m * Location: Vernagtferner, Ötztaler Alpen, Austria * Method/Device: Ice drill (ICEDRILL)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Number	No		Good, Walter
2	Sample code/label	Sample label		Good, Walter
3	DEPTH, ice/snow	Depth ice/snow	m		Geocode
4	Mean, statistical	Mean		Good, Walter	Point density
5	Variance	Var		Good, Walter	Point density
6	Minimum	Min		Good, Walter	Point density
7	Maximum	Max		Good, Walter	Point density
8	Mean, statistical	Mean		Good, Walter	Line intersects
9	Variance	Var		Good, Walter	Line intersects
10	Minimum	Min		Good, Walter	Line intersects
11	Maximum	Max		Good, Walter	Line intersects
12	Mean, statistical	Mean		Good, Walter	Grain intercept
13	Variance	Var		Good, Walter	Grain intercept
14	Minimum	Min		Good, Walter	Grain intercept
15	Maximum	Max		Good, Walter	Grain intercept
16	Mean, statistical	Mean		Good, Walter	Void intercept
17	Variance	Var		Good, Walter	Void intercept
18	Minimum	Min		Good, Walter	Void intercept
19	Maximum	Max		Good, Walter	Void intercept

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

378 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 No	2 Sample label	3 Depth ice/snow [m]	4 Mean (Point density)	5 Var (Point density)	6 Min (Point density)	7 Max (Point density)	8 Mean (Line intersects)	9 Var (Line intersects)	10 Min (Line intersects)	11 Max (Line intersects)	12 Mean (Grain intercept)	13 Var (Grain intercept)	14 Min (Grain intercept)	15 Max (Grain intercept)	16 Mean (Void intercept)	17 Var (Void intercept)	18 Min (Void intercept)	19 Max (Void intercept)
1	Vernagt 1b	2.35	0.5516700	0.0735456	0.3222700	0.7226600	0.0857010	0.0095701	0.0605469	0.1132800	12.9830000	2.3538000	7.4615000	19.8890000	10.6440000	2.2003000	6.0417000	21.2500000
2	Vernagt 2c	3.36	0.5466100	0.0808035	0.2910200	0.7441400	0.0580940	0.0081077	0.0312500	0.0859375	19.1910000	3.9976000	10.2940000	43.2500000	15.9310000	3.8761000	7.8235000	30.2500000
3	Vernagt 3a	3.43	0.5049700	0.0849703	0.3125000	0.6738300	0.0631142	0.0098975	0.0390625	0.0957031	16.0900000	2.6473000	10.5650000	24.9090000	16.3850000	4.7389000	8.7895000	30.5000000
4	Vernagt 3c	3.98	0.6058000	0.1052500	0.3828100	0.9375000	0.0559387	0.0115590	0.0117187	0.0839844	25.1140000	20.8790000	11.2110000	160.0000000	14.1830000	3.2431000	6.5000000	25.7000000
5	Vernagt 5b	4.97	0.5771200	0.0843730	0.3535200	0.7636700	0.0506592	0.0076454	0.0332031	0.0800781	23.6090000	5.1656000	13.1760000	45.0000000	16.9240000	4.6235000	8.0625000	36.7780000
6	Vernagt 4b	4.33	0.5700900	0.0696316	0.3964800	0.7363300	0.0622368	0.0085584	0.0390625	0.0898437	18.8990000	4.1542000	11.7830000	37.6000000	13.9250000	2.7128000	7.5789000	23.2310000
7	Vernagt 4c	4.54	0.6526900	0.0908054	0.4433600	0.9296900	0.0505714	0.0098902	0.0195312	0.0761719	27.5320000	10.4750000	14.4740000	86.4000000	13.9540000	3.7258000	5.0000000	26.8890000
8	Vernagt 5a	4.75	0.6252400	0.1068000	0.3671900	0.9101600	0.0500946	0.0103410	0.0136719	0.0761719	27.0910000	13.1310000	12.5000000	147.3300000	15.2770000	4.2757000	5.3000000	31.9000000
9	Vernagt 5c	5.18	0.5573800	0.0821524	0.3457000	0.7324200	0.0486145	0.0075034	0.0292969	0.0683594	23.2980000	4.0814000	15.7060000	39.0000000	18.8570000	5.4723000	10.2500000	41.0000000
10	Vernagt 6a	5.39	0.5436900	0.0915857	0.2539100	0.7988300	0.0436516	0.0091864	0.0117187	0.0683594	26.0810000	7.2405000	12.3330000	58.0000000	22.3280000	10.1970000	9.7500000	125.0000000
11	Vernagt 6b	5.61	0.5420600	0.0664795	0.3925800	0.7226600	0.0414505	0.0084003	0.0195312	0.0703125	27.1470000	7.4773000	15.1110000	59.8000000	23.5000000	6.8205000	10.5630000	47.0000000
12	Vernagt 7b	6.26	0.5829100	0.0788100	0.4101600	0.7695300	0.0403061	0.0065531	0.0136719	0.0585937	29.9550000	7.4216000	17.2000000	120.0000000	21.2620000	5.8639000	10.3330000	40.4290000
13	Vernagt 1c	2.57	0.5583200	0.0843047	0.2812500	0.7793000	0.0837784	0.0104736	0.0429687	0.1113300	13.4190000	2.4508000	8.2105000	23.1430000	10.8620000	3.2329000	5.8571000	33.0910000
14	Vernagt 2a	2.81	0.5969100	0.0871364	0.3535200	0.8027300	0.0572281	0.0084742	0.0273437	0.0839844	21.2870000	5.1047000	9.5455000	41.2220000	14.4980000	3.9164000	7.5000000	35.4290000
15	Vernagt 7a	6.05	0.5819500	0.1220900	0.2382800	0.8906200	0.0378494	0.0081229	0.0117187	0.0664062	32.3220000	13.8490000	13.2000000	114.0000000	23.5620000	9.2947000	7.8000000	59.0000000
16	Vernagt 4a V4	4.20	0.5928400	0.0647056	0.4257800	0.7832000	0.0628281	0.0107740	0.0351562	0.0878906	19.6660000	5.1304000	11.4500000	36.4550000	13.2480000	2.6976000	8.4286000	26.2220000
17	F3 BY2 NEG6	3.73	0.5553000	0.1436600	0.2929700	0.9003900	0.0415611	0.0117223	0.0097656	0.0683594	34.3320000	32.6110000	12.1880000	221.0000000	21.8550000	7.2925000	9.3333000	49.2860000
18	F3 BY3 NEG8	3.76	0.5032800	0.0786871	0.2871100	0.6640500	0.0454597	0.0076073	0.0253906	0.0664062	22.3840000	4.4287000	12.2000000	35.7500000	23.0110000	6.7237000	11.4670000	60.3330000
19	F6CV2 NEG 1	5.87	0.5563400	0.1141700	0.1523400	0.7714800	0.0385742	0.0099140	0.0156250	0.0742187	30.2010000	8.3813000	9.3333000	60.4000000	25.4480000	13.8480000	11.7890000	107.7500000
20	F6CV3 NEG 1	5.90	0.6074600	0.0872063	0.3925800	0.7988300	0.0472450	0.0081888	0.0273437	0.0722656	26.9110000	6.6370000	13.7330000	56.0000000	16.9230000	4.6288000	7.9231000	32.5560000
21	F2BV2 NEG 1	3.04	0.5353000	0.0706453	0.3183600	0.7324200	0.0767479	0.0084754	0.0488281	0.0976562	14.1460000	2.6949000	8.9565000	24.5710000	12.2710000	2.4413000	7.0000000	29.0000000