@misc{katz2011siam, author={Miriam E {Katz} and Benjamin S {Cramer} and J Robbie {Toggweiler} and Gar {Esmay} and Chengji {Liu} and Kenneth G {Miller} and Yair {Rosenthal} and Bridget S {Wade} and James D {Wright}}, title={{Stable isotope and Mg/Ca ratios of Paleogene benthic foraminifera in the western North Atlantic}}, year={2011}, doi={10.1594/PANGAEA.771562}, url={https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.771562}, note={Supplement to: Katz, ME et al. (2011): Impact of Antarctic Circumpolar Current development on late Paleogene ocean structure. Science, 332(6033), 1076-7079, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1202122}, abstract={Global cooling and the development of continental-scale Antarctic glaciation occurred in the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene ({\textasciitilde}38 to 28 million years ago), accompanied by deep-ocean reorganization attributed to gradual Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) development. Our benthic foraminiferal stable isotope comparisons show that a large d13C offset developed between mid-depth ({\textasciitilde}600 meters) and deep (>1000 meters) western North Atlantic waters in the early Oligocene, indicating the development of intermediate-depth d13C and O2 minima closely linked in the modern ocean to northward incursion of Antarctic Intermediate Water. At the same time, the ocean{\textquotesingle}s coldest waters became restricted to south of the ACC, probably forming a bottom-ocean layer, as in the modern ocean. We show that the modern four-layer ocean structure (surface, intermediate, deep, and bottom waters) developed during the early Oligocene as a consequence of the ACC.}, type={data set}, publisher={PANGAEA} }